DESENVOLVIMENTO DE Agave sisalana Perrine SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS DE ADUBAÇÃO E CONSÓRCIO

The Sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) is a crop very important for the semi-arid region of Brazil, constituting an important source of income in regions that lack options that help in their development. However, studies regarding the development of this crop are scarce, reflecting on the low technology use and ancient practices used in the production systems. Theobject of this studywas to evaluated the initial growth development of plants of Sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) under different sources of chemical and organic fertilization and presence and absence of intercropping with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), in the city of Areia, Paraíba. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), in a 2x3 factorial scheme, composed of two cultivation systems (alone or intercropped) and three fertilizationtypes (organic, chemical and no fertilization), totaling 24 treatments with four replications in an area of 25 m² each. The results showed an influence effect of the source of fertilization and the intercroppingon the initial development of the crop, and the best results obtained were with the organic fertilization and the intercropping with common bean.

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Planting density and initial growth of two tree species adapted to the semi-arid region

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/s0100-67622012000500017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 951-960

Author(s):

Paulo Sérgio Lima e Silva ◽

Alexandre Emanuel Régis Holanda ◽

Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽

Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira ◽

Odaci Fernandes de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Plant Age ◽

Production Costs ◽

Planting Density ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

One Year

Planting densities influence several aspects of forest formation, including management practices, timber yield, quality, and extraction, and consequently its production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mimosa caesalpiinifolia and Gliricidia sepium growth as a function of planting density (400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 plants ha-1) and plant age. The species were evaluated every 90 days for plant height (PH), crown diameter (CD) and root collar diameter (RCD) (10 cm above the ground), with the first evaluation performed at 90 days and the last at 720 days. When plants were one year of age and beyond, evaluations were conducted also for stem diameter at breast height (DBH) (1.30 m above the ground). A randomized block design with split-plots and three replicates was adopted. Species were assigned to plots, planting densities were assigned to subplots, and evaluation ages were assigned to subsubplots. The four traits in both species had their values decreased as planting density increased, but continually increased as plant age increased. For PH and RCD there was an alternation between species superiority, with gliricidia being superior to sabiá at some ages, while the opposite occurred at other ages. As to CD the species only differed in the last measurement, gliricidia being superior. With regard to DBH, gliricidia was superior starting from the second measurement. There was an effect of the species × ages interaction for the four traits and also an effect of the densities × ages interaction for CD and DBH.

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Strip-till technology - a method for uniformity in the emergence and plant growth of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in different environmental conditions of Northern Poland

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2018.981 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Iwona Jaskulska ◽

Lech Gałęzewski ◽

Mariusz Piekarczyk ◽

Dariusz Jaskulski

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Block Design ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Field Trials ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Initial Development ◽

Winter Rapeseed

The emergence of plants is especially important for the winter crops that are grown in the challenging environmental conditions of many countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The emergence and initial growth of winter rapeseed were compared in field trials in a randomized block design with three replicates for plants sown in conventional tillage systems (CT) and strip-till (ST), which had different weather conditions and on soil with a non-uniform texture over a period of two years. Sowing in the CT was carried out using Horsch Pronto 4DC (Germany) at a row distance of 0.29 m. The ST operations were performed using a Pro-Til 4T drill manufactured by Mzuri Limited (Great Britain) - row spacing of 0.36 m. In favourable rainfall and thermal conditions, the density of winter rapeseed plants two weeks after sowing was found to be higher if it was sown after the CT than in the ST system. In the year that had a serious shortage of rainfall during the sowing period, a considerably higher density of plants was achieved using the ST system. The uniformity of plant growth using the ST technology in soil with a varied texture, especially in a year with an unfavourable distribution of rainfall, was proven by less variability in the number of leaves in the rosette, in the dry mass of the leaf rosette and in the root neck thickness of the winter rapeseed than in the CT system. The ST system can create good conditions for the initial development and preparation of rapeseed plants for wintering.

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Effect of Trinexapac-Ethyl, at Two Application Timings, on the Initial Development of Eucalyptus under Water Deficit

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

A.L. BACHA ◽

P.F.R.B. MARTINS ◽

P.L.C.A. ALVES ◽

R.C. PAULA

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Block Design ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Application Timing ◽

Hormetic Effect ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Net Co2 Assimilation ◽

Positive Effect

ABSTRACT: Eucalyptus plants are sensitive to stress during their initial development, and water deficit is the most important one. Thus, the hormetic effect caused by the application of chemical products may be a factor that allows plants to tolerate such stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of trinexapac-ethyl on the initial growth of Eucalyptus urophylla (Clone I-144), under water deficiency, at two application timings (before planting - BP; and after planting - AP). Two experiments were conducted simultaneously in a greenhouse for 74 days after planting (DAP) eucalyptus in 15 L pots. Treatments consisted of three trinexapac-ethyl doses (0.0, 30, and 60 g a.i. ha-1) and two water conditions (with and without water deficit). A complete randomized block design was used, in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with five replications. At the BP application timing, trinexapac-ethyl was sprayed at 0 DAP, and at the AP timing, at 24 DAP. In both experiments, plant height, diameter, leaf area, dry matter, total relative chlorophyll content and gas-exchange were evaluated. There was a positive effect for the net CO2 assimilation rate at 27 and 40 DAP, for AP and BP, respectively. Eucalyptus plants, without water deficit, presented higher growth, regardless of the application timing. In conclusion, the application of trinexapac-ethyl before planting caused a positive effect on the height and diameter of eucalyptus; and the application timing influenced, in different ways, the evaluated characteristics, not having harmful effects on any of them.

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NITROGEN AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON GRAPEVINE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n113rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 121-130

Author(s):

Franciezer Vicente de Lima ◽

Vander Mendonça ◽

Francisco Sidene Oliveira Silva ◽

Francisco Mickael de Medeiros Câmara ◽

Toni Halan da Silva Irineu

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

N Rates ◽

Nitrogen Rates ◽

Fertilizer Rates

ABSTRACT Nitrogen fertilization is a limiting factor for grapevine production; its excess or deficiency can cause changes in fruit quantity and quality. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate productive parameters of grapevines of the Isabel-Precoce cultivar subjected to nitrogen and organic fertilization in the western semiarid region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, in Mossoró, RN, Brazil, during two production cycles. The soil of the area used was classified as dystrophic Red Argissolo (Udult) of sandy texture. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with six replications, using a 5×2 factorial arrangement, with 5 nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) and two organic fertilizer rates (0, and 20 m3 ha-1 of bovine manure). The production components number of bunches per plant, grape production per plant, grape yield, weight, length and width of bunches, number of berries per bunch, and ten-berry weight were evaluated. The nitrogen rates and organic fertilizer rates used were significant (p=0.05) for all evaluated components. The N rate of 60 kg ha-1 combined with the organic fertilization generated the best results for the analyzed variables. N rates from 60 to 120 kg ha-1, applied singly or combined with organic fertilizer, hindered the production components of the Isabel-Precoce grapevines.

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Plant and seed nutrient uptake in common bean in seven organic and conventional production systems

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps10114 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 1089-1099 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dale Westermann ◽

Henry Terán ◽

Carlos Muñoz-Perea ◽

Shree Singh

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Conventional Production ◽

On Farm ◽

Uptake Of Nutrients

Westermann, D. T., Terán, H., Muñoz-Perea, C. G. and Singh, S. P. 2011. Plant and seed nutrient uptake in common bean in seven organic and conventional production systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1089–1099. Knowledge of plant and seed nutrient uptake by crop cultivars in organic and conventional production systems (PS) is essential for breeding the most appropriate genotypes for each PS. The objective was to determine the plant and seed uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) by 16 common bean genotypes. We also identified genotypes efficient in plant and seed nutrient uptake across seven organic and conventional PS. A randomized complete block design with four replicates (one plot per replicate) was used for evaluation in each of seven organic and conventional PS in 2003 and 2004. The effects of plant and seed uptake of nutrients, genotypes, PS, and the genotype × PS interaction were significant (P≤0.05). Plant and seed uptake of nutrients decreased in on-station continual dry bean and drought-stressed and on-farm organic low-input compared with on-station conventional irrigated and on-farm organic high-input PS. Common bean genotypes with higher biomass yield, in general, also had higher nutrient uptake, regardless of PS. In general, N and P uptakes were high and that for Mn was markedly low among common bean genotypes. Pinto CO46348, Bill Z, and Othello and Mexican red NW-63 and UI 239 were high-yielding and used nutrients more efficiently across seven organic and conventional PS and years. Other cultivars either had low biomass and seed yield (e.g., Common Pinto, Topaz, Common Red Mexican, UI 59) or were more efficient at whole-plant uptake or seed uptake of nutrients, but not both (e.g., Matterhorn, UI 465). Use of the above five genotypes should be maximized for production in both organic and conventional PS, and for breeding high-yielding broadly adapted cultivars efficient in plant and seed nutrient uptake in organic and conventional PS.

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Early nitrogen supplementation stimulates the nodulation and growth of common bean plants inoculated with rhizobium

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.55105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e55105

Author(s):

Bárbara Cavalheiro Zoffoli ◽

Luciana Fernandes Brito ◽

Rosângela Straliotto ◽

Adelson Paulo de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

N Fixation ◽

Initial Growth ◽

N Addition ◽

Mineral N ◽

Initial Development ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Common Bean Plants

The initial development of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) relying on symbiotic nitrogen (N) can be limited by delayed active N2 fixation, requiring supplemental N which in turn may inhibit the symbiosis. Five experiments were carried out in hydroponics to identify the initiation of nodulation and nitrogenase activity in common bean cultivars, and the effects of additions of mineral N on plant nodulation and growth. Three experiments evaluated the initial growth of five inoculated bean cultivars in the absence or presence of mineral N, and two experiments evaluated the effect of the moment of mineral N addition until the beginning of reproductive stage. The first root nodules appeared 10 days after plant transplant (DAT) and nitrogenase activity initiated 11 DAT. Cultivars of large seeds had lower initial nodulation and nitrogenase activity than those of small seeds. Inoculated plants showed limited shoot growth that lasted until 21-25 DAT as compared to inoculated plants receiving mineral N. Addition of mineral N reduced nodule mass more intensively than nodule number and more strongly nitrogenase activity. Nitrogen applied until 15 DAT enhanced nodulation and nitrogenase activity without limiting shoot growth, as compared to plants receiving N throughout their growth. Otherwise, plants that received N after 15 DAT had lower nodule mass and nitrogenase activity than plants only inoculated. The results indicate that symbiotic N did not suffice to an adequate growth of common beans and some supplemental N is necessary. This N should be added in the beginning of growth cycle to stimulate plant growth without inhibiting further nodulation and N fixation.

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Photochemical efficiency in cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacings and organic fertilization

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n5p338-343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 338-343

Author(s):

Cleiton F. B. Brito ◽

Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽

Alessandro de M. Arantes ◽

Paulo E. R. Donato ◽

João A. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Block Design ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

The Third ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the photochemical efficiency of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacings and bovine manure doses in the semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 4 x 3 x 7 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The first factor consisted of four doses of organic fertilization (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 of bovine manure), the second one, of three spacings (1.0 x 0.5, 2.0 x 0.25 and 3.0 x 1.0 x 0.25 m) and the third one of seven reading times (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 h). Chlorophyll a fluorescence readings were taken in cactus pear cladodes in the dry and rainy seasons using a pulse-modulated fluorometer. Cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacings and bovine manure doses undergo changes in photosystem II during the dry season under the physiographic conditions of the semi-arid region in Bahia. During the rainy season in the semi-arid region, the photosynthetic yield in cactus pear cladodes is considered ideal.

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Organic and Mineral Fertilizer on the Initial Development and Nutrition of Jatropha

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n10p274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 274 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aline Cristina de Souza Reis ◽

Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva ◽

Affonso Celso Gonçalves-Júnior ◽

Deonir Secco ◽

Charline Zaratim Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potassium Chloride ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Total Rate ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Initial Development ◽

Significant Difference

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an herbaceous plant, perennial, belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceaes. Jatropha’s extract is used for the harvest of fruits, high amount of nutrients and, if not properly fertilized, can lead to the impoverishment of the soil over the years of cultivation. Thus, in this present work, we have a concern with the importance of fertilization. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the 2014/2015 agricultural year, in São Jorge do Patrocínio, State of Parana, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five replications and five treatments, totaling 25 installments. The treatments were as follows: organic fertilization (total rate: 2,800 g plant-1), mineral fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (total rate: 174.4 g plant-1, and 13.2 g plant-1 of urea, 141.2 g plant-1 of superphosphate and 20 g plant-1 of potassium chloride), 75% organic fertilizer + 25% mineral, 50% organic fertilizer + 50% mineral, 25% organic + 75% mineral, applied at planting. Poultry litter was used as the organic fertilizer source, the nitrogen source was urea, the phosphorus source was superphosphate and, the potassium source was potassium chloride. Spacing of 2 × 2 m between plants and the pits with 30 × 30 × 30 cm. The evaluated variables were: plant height, stem diameter, contents macro and micronutrients in leaves. It can be concluded that there was no influence of mineral and organic fertilization on the initial growth of jatropha. As for the macronutrient levels, there were no significant differences for P and K. However, regarding the mineral fertilizer and the micronutrient content, there was a significant difference in Mn, in the treatment with total rate of mineral fertilizer and in the treatment with 25% organic fertilizer and 75% mineral fertilizer.

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Phosphate fertilization and organic compost on the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils

Scientia Agraria Paranaensis ◽

10.18188/sap.v19i3.24506 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 289-295

Author(s):

Edvaldo Renner da Costa Cardoso ◽

Francisco Nildo da Silva ◽

Sandra Sely Silveira Maia ◽

Fernando Felipe Ferreyra Hernandez ◽

Rosemery Alesandra Firmino dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Measuring Tape ◽

Shoot Mass ◽

Phosphorus Levels ◽

Soil Colloids

One of the strategies for the recovery of degraded soils is the planting of fast-growing forage species with high biomass production. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils with organic fertilization and different phosphorus levels. A completely randomized design with a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement was used, with four soil types, three levels of phosphorus fertilization and two levels of organic fertilization. At 64 days after sowing the characteristics of the initial growth were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and fresh shoot mass. The height was measured by measuring the neck of the plant until the end of the newest fully expanded leaf, measured with the aid of a measuring tape and expressed in centimeters. The diameter of the stem, by means of a digital pachymeter. The application of phosphorus and organic matter in degraded soils is necessary for the initial development of sorghum plants, due to the low availability of this element, caused by the high adsorption of P in the soil colloids. Besides that, the lack of organic matter in the studied soils led to a decrease in the growth of sorghum, therefore, it is concluded that soil management in saline environments is necessary for the application of phosphorus and organic matter for a sustainable and technically viable production.

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Acúmulo de massa seca em feijão-caupi sob adubação orgânica

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i5.3758 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Paulo Cássio Alves Linhares ◽

Josimar Nogueora da Silva ◽

Janailson Pereira de Figueredo ◽

Toni Halan da Silva Irineu ◽

Raimundo Andrade

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

The Common ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Mass Accumulation

O feijão-caupi responde bem à adubação orgânica, aumentando sua produtividade quando o solo é adubado com estercos de animais, compostos orgânicos, húmus de minhoca e biofertilizante. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de massa seca do feijão-caupi em função de diferentes quantidades de húmus de minhoca incorporadas ao solo e biofertilizantes orgânicos nas condições do semiárido nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, na Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, em delineamento experimental em blocos completos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 5 repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a quatro quantidades de húmus de minhoca incorporadas ao solo (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 kg m-1) e o segundo fator, duas adubações via foliar na forma líquida (biofertilizante comum e húmus de minhoca). Avaliaram-se os rendimentos de massa seca da: folha, caule, raiz, parte aera, total e da relação parte/aérea. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores tratamentos testados para nenhuma das características avaliadas. O maior acúmulo de massa seca do feijão-caupi foi registrado com a incorporação ao solo de 0,14 Kg m-1 de húmus de minhoca. Em termos de valores absolutos, o biofertilizante comum proporcionou maior massa seca do feijão-caupi.Dry matter accumulation in cowpea under organic fertilizationAbstract: Cowpea responds well to organic fertilization, increasing its productivity when the soil is fertilized with animal manures, organic compounds, earthworm humus and biofertilizer. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the dry mass accumulation of cowpea as a function of different amounts of earthworm humus incorporated in the soil and organic biofertilizers under the conditions of the northeastern semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, at Universidade Estaudal da Paraíba, in a randomized complete block design, in the 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with 5 replications. The first factor corresponded to four quantities of earthworm humus (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg m-1) and the second factor, two leaf fertilization in the liquid form (common biofertilizer and earthworm humus). The dry mass yields of leaf, stem, root, aera, total and part/air ratio were evaluated. There was no significant interaction between the factors treatments tested for any of the characteristics evaluated. The highest dry mass accumulation of cowpea was recorded with soil incorporation of 0.14 kg m-1 of worm humus. In terms of absolute values, the common biofertilizer provided a higher dry mass of cowpea.

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