scholarly journals Bioaerosol in dental prosthodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (82) ◽  
pp. 2106-2116
Author(s):  
Marija Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
Indirect Exposure ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
The Times ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Introdution: During many dental interventions, performed using handpiece instruments and pusters, an aerosol is created,which is converted into a bioaerosol (BIOA) by mixing with the particles of various organic components from the patient's oral cavity.When the high-speed mashine is started, the air becomes instantly contaminated and practically covers the entire room. Pollution is registered all the times, as well as after prosthetic treatment. BIOA created during prosthetic workcontains various bacteria, fungi and viruses from the patient's oral cavity. These microorganisms pose a real hazard to health workers and are a potential risk for infection. The most common pathogens include influenza viruses, herpes viruses, as well as pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci. Infectious diseases, biosynosis, acute toxic reactions, allergies, atopic diseases, conjunctivitis, contact dermatitis, infections of the respiratory system, and even some types of cancer, are possible manifestations of side effects of BIOA. Conclusion:BIOA poses a potential danger to contamination of air, work surfaces and objects in dental offices. Direct and indirect exposure of dental staff and patients to BIOA is especially pronounced in the conditions of COVID 19. Although it is impossible to completely eliminate the risk of adverse effects of BIOA, it is important to pay attention to all prevention measures that can reduce the likelihood of contamination.

scholarly journals Cutaneous anthrax outbreak associated with handling dead animals, Rhino Camp sub-county: Arua District, Uganda, January–May 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Ntono ◽  
Daniel Eurien ◽  
Lilian Bulage ◽  
Daniel Kadobera ◽  
Julie Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Cutaneous Anthrax

Abstract Background On 18 January 2018 a 40 year old man presented with skin lesions at Rhino Camp Health Centre. A skin lesion swab was collected on 20 January 2018 and was confirmed by PCR at Uganda Virus Research Institute on 21 January 2018. Subsequently, about 9 persons were reported to have fallen ill after reporting contact with livestock that died suddenly. On 9 February 2018, Arua District notified Uganda Ministry of Health of a confirmed anthrax outbreak among humans in Rhino Camp sub-county. We investigated to determine the scope and mode of transmission and exposures associated with identified anthrax to guide control and prevention measures. Methods We defined a suspected cutaneous anthrax case as onset of skin lesions (e.g., papule, vesicle, or eschar) in a person residing in Rhino Camp sub-county, Arua District from 25 December 2017 to 31 May 2018. A confirmed case was a suspected case with PCR-positivity for Bacillus anthracis from a clinical sample. We identified cases by reviewing medical records at Rhino Camp Health Centre. We also conducted additional case searches in the affected community with support from Community Health Workers. In a retrospective cohort study, we interviewed all members of households in which at least one person had contact with the carcasses of or meat from animals suspected to have died of anthrax. We collected and tested hides of implicated animals using an anthrax rapid diagnostic test. Results We identified 14 case-patients (1 confirmed, 13 suspected); none died. Only males were affected (affected proportion: 12/10,000). Mean age of case-persons was 33 years (SD: 22). The outbreak lasted for 5 months, from January 2018–May 2018, peaking in February. Skinning (risk ratio = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1–6.7), dissecting (RR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2–7.6), and carrying dead animals (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1–6.7) were associated with increased risk of illness, as were carrying dissected parts of animals (RR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.5) and preparing and cooking the meat (RR = 2.3, 95% CI 0.9–5.9). We found evidence of animal remains on pastureland. Conclusion Multiple exposures to the hides and meat of animals that died suddenly were associated with this cutaneous anthrax outbreak in Arua District. We recommended public education about safe disposal of carcasses of livestock that die suddenly.

scholarly journals Novel Method of Measuring Corneal Viscoelasticity Using the Corvis ST Tonometer

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Boszczyk ◽  
Henryk Kasprzak ◽  
Joanna Przeździecka-Dołyk
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
P Value ◽  
Corvis St ◽  
Corneal Deformation ◽  
The Times ◽  
High Repeatability

Background: The process of rapid propagation of the corneal deformation in air puff tonometer depends not only on intraocular pressure, but also on the biomechanical properties of the cornea and anterior eye. One of the biomechanical properties of the cornea is viscoelasticity, which is the most visible in its high-speed deformations. It seems reasonable to link the corneal viscoelasticity parameter to two moments of the highest speed of corneal deformations, when the cornea buckles. The aim of this work is to present a method of determining the time and place of occurrence of corneal buckling, examine spatial and temporal dependencies between two corneal applanations and bucklings in the Corvis ST tonometer, and correlate these dependencies with corneal viscoelastic properties. Methods: Images of the horizontal cross section of the Corvis ST deformed cornea from the air puff tonometer Corvis ST were used. 14 volunteers participated in the study, each of them had one eye measured eight times. Mutual changes in the profile slopes of the deformed corneas were numerically determined. They describe pure corneal deformation, eliminating the influence of rotation, and displacement of the entire eyeball. For each point in the central area of the corneal profile, the maximum velocities of mutual slope changes accompanying the applanations were estimated. The times of their occurrence were adopted as buckling times. Results: The propagation of buckling along the corneal profile is presented, as well as the repeatability and mutual correlations between the buckling parameters and intraocular pressure. Based on the relationship between them, a new parameter describing corneal hysteresis: Corvis Viscoelasticity (CVE) is introduced. It is characterized by high repeatability: ICC = 0.82 (0.69–0.93 CI) and low and insignificant correlation with intraocular pressure: r = 0.25 (p-value = 0.38). Conclusion: The results show for the first time how to measure the corneal buckling and viscoelastic effects with Corvis ST. CVE is a new proposed biomechanical parameter related to the viscoelastic properties of the cornea, which has high repeatability for the examined subject. The distribution of its values is planned to be tested on different groups of patients in order to investigate its clinical applicability.

scholarly journals Inter-professional collaboration in an Intensive Care Unit: Challenges and opportunities

Rev Rene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Eveline Rodrigues da Silva Barros ◽  
Ana Ecilda Lima Ellery
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Team Leadership ◽  
Professional Collaboration ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Provide Quality Care ◽  
The Times

To understand the relationship between health professionals in an intensive care unit, to explore the inter-professional collaboration. Methods: it is a qualitative study, inspired by the Hermeneutics Phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur, for the production of knowledge. Interviews were conducted with 36 intensive care professionals of a tertiary public hospital. Results: the professionals are satisfied with the work, and there is a commitment to provide quality care despite organizational boundaries such as precarious employment relationships and turnover of professionals. The inter-professional collaboration is an indispensable factor for assistance, but in practice is not effective most of the times by the absence of provisions for the integration of the team, leadership presence, as well as the overcrowding of services that overwhelm health workers. Conclusion: while recognizing the need for inter-professional collaboration, professionals do their work even in a very individualized way, with no strategies to boost this cooperation.

scholarly journals Prevenção da infecção pelo zika vírus nas gestantes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5339
Author(s):  
Daiane Santos ◽  
Mariana Alves Pimenta ◽  
Flavio Bittencourt ◽  
Murilo Cesar Nascimento ◽  
Silvana Maria Coelho Leite Fava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Virus Zika

RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar as competências dos ACS no desenvolvimento das atribuições esperadas e definidas pelo Ministério da Saúde nas ações de pré-natal de risco habitual, desenvolvidas no âmbito da ESF, em relação à prevenção da infecção pelo zika vírus na gestação. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, com coleta de dados em 14 equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, mediante um questionário com três partes: A (enfrentamento ao Aedes aegypti); B (pré-natal de baixo risco) e C (medidas de prevenção pessoal contra o Zika vírus), analisadas por agrupamentos e pelo Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: melhor desempenho foi observado em B, seguido de A. As maiores dificuldades estavam relacionadas com a atividade C. Conclusão: há um panorama favorável de atuação desses profissionais, embora com dificuldades quanto à alimentação dos sistemas de informação, à baixa participação comunitária e à pouca integração com o trabalho das equipes. Descritores: Enfermagem; Agente Comunitário de Saúde; Zika Vírus.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the competences of the ACS in the development of the attributions expected and defined by the Ministry of Health in the habitual, risk prenatal actions, developed within the scope of the FHS, in relation to the prevention of infection by the zika virus during pregnancy. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with data collection in 14 teams of the Family Health Strategy, through a questionnaire with three parts: A (coping with Aedes aegypti); B (low risk prenatal) and C (personal prevention measures against Zika virus), analyzed by clusters and Fisher's Exact Test. Results: better performance was observed in B, followed by A. The greatest difficulties were related to activity C. Conclusion: there is a favorable panorama of these professionals, although with difficulties in feeding information systems, low community participation and little integration with the work of the teams. Descritores: Nursing; Community Health Workers; Zika Virus.RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las competencias de los ACS en el desarrollo de las atribuciones esperadas y definidas por el Ministerio de Salud en las acciones de prenatal de riesgo habitual, desarrolladas en el marco de la ESF, en relación a la prevención de la infección por el zika virus en la gestación. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, con recolección de datos en 14 equipos de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, mediante un cuestionario con tres partes: A (enfrentamiento al Aedes aegypti); B (prenatal de bajo riesgo) y C (medidas de prevención personal contra el Zika virus), analizadas por agrupaciones y por la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: mejor desempeño fue observado en B, seguido de A. Las mayores dificultades estaban relacionadas con la actividad C. Conclusión: hay un panorama favorable de actuación de estos profesionales, aunque con dificultades en cuanto a la alimentación de los sistemas de información, a la baja participación comunitaria y a la poca integración con el trabajo de los equipos. Descritores: Enfermería; Agentes Comunitarios de Salud; Vírus Zika.

scholarly journals Prediction of numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients (NACP) and the plateau phase of 2019-nCoV in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Pei
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Hyperbolic Tangent ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times

AbstractIn the present study, I propose a novel fitting method to describe the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China. The fitted data were selected carefully from the non-Hubei part and Hubei Province of China respectively. For the non-Hubei part, the time period of data collection corresponds from the beginning of the policy of isolation to present day. But for Hubei Province, the subjects of Wuhan City and Hubei Province were included from the time of admission to the Huoshenshan Hospital to present day in order to ensure that all or the majority of the confirmed and suspected patients were collected for diagnosis and treatment. The employed basic functions for fitting are the hyperbolic tangent functions $$\tanh (.)$$ tanh ( . ) since in these cases the 2019-nCoV is just an epidemic. Subsequently, the 2019-nCoV will initially expand rapidly and tend to disappear. Therefore, the numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and geographical regions will initially increase rapidly and subsequently stabilize to a plateau phase. The selection of the basic functions for fitting is crucial. In the present study, I found that the hyperbolic tangent functions $$\tanh (.)$$ tanh ( . ) could satisfy the aforementioned properties. By this novel method, I can obtain two significant results. They base on the conditions that the rigorous isolation policy is executed continually. Initially, I can predict the numbers very accurately of the cumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and parts in China, notably, in Wuhan City with the smallest relative error estimated to $$0.021\%$$ 0.021 % , in Hubei Province with the smallest relative error estimated to $$0.012\%$$ 0.012 % and in the non-Hubei part of China with the smallest relative error of $$-$$ -  0.195% in the short-term period of infection. In addition, perhaps I can predict the times when the plateau phases will occur respectively in different regions in the long-term period of infection. Generally for the non-Hubei part of China, the plateau phase of the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV will be expected this March or at the end of this February. In the non-Hubei region of China it is expected that the epidemic will cease on the 30th of March 2020 and following this date no new confirmed patient will be expected. The predictions of the time of Inflection Points and maximum NACP for some important regions may be also obtained. A specific plan for the prevention measures of the 2019-nCoV outbreak must be implemented. This will involve the present returning to work and resuming production in China. Based on the presented results, I suggest that the rigorous isolation policy by the government should be executed regularly during daily life and work duties. Moreover, as many as possible the confirmed and suspected cases should be collected to diagnose or treat.

scholarly journals Microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Monteiro de Souza-Gugelmin ◽  
Carolina Della Torre Lima ◽  
Sergio Narciso Marques de Lima ◽  
Henis Mian ◽  
Izabel Yoko Ito
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines

The quality of water in a dental unit is of considerable importance because patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aerosol generated from the dental unit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines. Water samples were collected aseptically from the waterlines (reservoir, triple-syringe, high-speed) of 15 dental units. After serial dilution to 1:10(6) in APHA, the samples were seeded by the pour-plate technique and cultured in plate count agar (Difco) for 48 h at 32ºC. Analysis was based on the number of colony forming units (CFU). The Wilcoxon non-parametric test indicated that the levels of water contamination were highest in the triple-syringe (13 of 15) and in the high-speed (11 of 15); both levels were higher than those of the water reservoir. There was no significant statistical difference between the level of contamination in the triple-syringe and the high-speed as determined by the Mann-Whitney test [p(H0) = 40.98%; Z = - 0.2281]. Because biofilm forms on solid surfaces constantly bathed by liquid where microorganisms are present, these results indicate that the water in the dental unit may be contaminated by biofilm that forms in these tubules.

Stress Relaxation Measurement as a High-Speed Method for Predicting the Long-Term Behavior of Vulcanized Rubber

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Clamroth ◽  
L. Ruetz
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Relaxation Measurement ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Relaxation Measurements ◽  
The Times ◽  
Speed Method

Abstract Intermittent stress relaxation is well suited for quantifying aging processes in rubber. For NR, the effects of different antioxidants can be measured by the rates at which the modulus falls. In synthetic rubbers (SBR, NBR, and CR), it can be measured through the modulus increases caused by oxygen crosslinking. Equal-value times, e.g., t0.75 for NR and t1.25 for SBR, NBR, and CR, are the times taken by the modulus to decrease or increase to a given percentage of its original level. They are better measures of aging than the modulus change after a given time. For NR, it has been shown that stress relaxation measurements at elevated temperatures and in pure oxygen correlate with the results of conventional aging methods. Thus the testing times can be drastically reduced—from up to 28 days to 1–8 hours. Discontinuous stress relaxation measurements are considerably more accurate and selective than conventional oxygen aging. For the repeatability of a single equal-value time measurement, we obtained a coefficient of variation (s/x) of 5–10% for stress relaxation measurement and about ±20% for oxygen aging. The degree of selectivity for oxygen aging and stress relaxation was found to be 3.6 and 18, respectively. The correlation between the results of stress relaxation measurements and those of the conventional oxygen and hot air aging tests was investigated for a large number of NR compounds and for some SBR, NBR, and CR compounds. The correlation is not very good, but it must be remembered that the equal-value times determined according to the two methods show relatively pronounced variability. With the conventional aging methods, the results also depend on what quantity is measured, e.g., the change in tensile strength or hardness, and on what equal-value time is chosen, e.g., the time taken by the property concerned to decrease to 90 or 75% of its original value. The conclusion of the investigations described above is that intermittent modulus measurement is an interesting high-speed method for the assessment of aging behavior. It will acquire a firm position in the arsenal of rubber testing methods, but will probably supplement, and not completely replace, the aging methods currently used.

scholarly journals Education, Regulation, and Associations As a Solid Foundation for Midwifery Professionals

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ayu Nurdiyan ◽  
Indah Putri Ramadhanti
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Times

Health education is an important part of health development. Midwives are one of the health workers in the health system and have an important/strategic position in reducing MMR and IMR, as well as improving welfare. To prepare midwives who are responsive to the current situation and can overcome various complex situations faced by women throughout their reproductive cycle, midwives are required to be able to think critically, carry out synthesis-analysis, advocacy and leadership spirit that can only be produced by a quality and capable midwifery higher education system developing according to the progress of the times. To produce an independent and competent midwife, three main pillars are needed, namely education, regulation, and association. This study aims to analyze education, regulation, and association as the foundation of a solid midwifery profession. The method used in this study is to conduct an analysis and literature review of several supporting references. Several references cited and reviewed then made an analysis related to the topic of this study. Midwifery education is implemented to realize the learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential as midwives who have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and the skills needed for themselves, society, nation, and state in developing ability as Care Provider, Communicator, Community Leader, Decision Maker and Manager. Regulation is to promote regulatory mechanisms that protect the public by ensuring that competent midwives provide safe services for every mother and baby. The aim of this regulation is to support midwives to work independently within the scope of their practice. While the association is a vehicle for the midwife's profession to enable midwives to be able to voice their ideas and opinions to policymakers, educators, regulators, and other stakeholders.

scholarly journals Dental Health Services Response to COVID-19 in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat ◽  
Marte-Mari Uhlen ◽  
Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad ◽  
Ewa Alicja Szyszko Hovden ◽  
Maziar Shabestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Dental Health Services ◽  
Dental Health Care ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of

We aimed to investigate the management of urgent dental care, the perception of risk and workplace preparedness among dental staff in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic. An electronic questionnaire regarding the strictest confinement period in Norway (13 March–17 April 2020) was distributed to dental staff. Among the 1237 respondents, 727 (59%) treated patients, of whom 170 (14%) worked in clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. Out of them 88% (143) received training and 64% (103) simulation in additional infection prevention procedures, while 27 (24%) respondents reported deviation. In total, 1051 (85%) respondents perceived that dental staff had a high risk of being infected, 1039 (84%) that their workplace handled the current situation well, 767 (62%) that their workplace had adequate infection control equipment and 507 (41%) agreed that their workplace is well equipped to handle an escalation. Before an appointment, 1182 (96%) respondents always/often inquired per phone information if a patient experienced symptoms of COVID-19, and 1104 (89%) asked about a history of travel to affected areas. Twice as many patients on average per week were treated by phone than in a clinic. A lower proportion of dental staff in high incidence counties applied additional infection prevention measures compared to low and medium incidence counties. To conclude, urgent dental health care was managed relatively well in Norway. Additional training of the dental staff in adequate infection prevention and step-by-step procedures may be needed. These results may be used to improve the dental health service’s response to future outbreaks.

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