scholarly journals Predictores de síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés a partir del brote epidémico de COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mariela Andrades-Tobar ◽  
Felipe E. García ◽  
Pablo Concha-Ponce ◽  
Carmen Valiente ◽  
Cibelle Lucero
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Apoyo Social ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Predictors Of Depression

Predictors of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms from the COVID-19 outbreakAbstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented global crisis, with dramatic changes in people’s living conditions and mental health. The aim of this study is to establish predictors of depression, anxiety and stress in people affected by the epidemiological outbreak of COVID-19. Participants comprised 2,376 individuals over 18 years old, 79.6% women, who answered the Scale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21), in addition to scales to assess subjective severity, the search for social support and data related to COVID-19. It was observed that their main predictors were younger age, sleep problems, feeling lonely, not talking about their fears and subjective severity. The conclusion is that there are population groups at risk of experiencing higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress, which evidences the need to develop prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the psychological impact of the pandemic.Keywords: Mental health; COVID-19; pandemic; confinement; quarantine.Resumen: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha provocado una crisis mundial sin precedentes, con cambios drásticos en las condiciones de vida y en la salud mental de las personas. El propósito de este estudio es establecer predictores de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en personas afectadas por el brote epidemiológico de COVID-19. Participaron 2,376 personas mayores de 18 años, un 79.6% mujeres, quienes contestaron la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21), además de escalas para evaluar la severidad subjetiva, la búsqueda de apoyo social y datos relacionados con COVID-19. Se observó que sus principales predictores fueron tener menor edad, problemas para dormir, sentirse solo, no hablar de sus temores y la severidad subjetiva. Se concluye que existen grupos de población en riesgo de experimentar niveles más altos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, lo que evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de prevención e intervención para reducir el impacto psicológico de la pandemia.Palabras clave: Salud mental; COVID-19; pandemia; confinamiento; cuarentena.

scholarly journals Disminución de la ansiedad en las víctimas del bullying durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Gómez León
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Victim Group ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Victims Of Bullying

Los factores estresantes asociados a la pandemia por el COVID 19 han tenido importantes consecuencias en la salud mental de muchos adolescentes, sin embargo, es posible que este confinamiento junto con los medios digitales disponibles para el aprendizaje y la interacción social hayan supuesto un alivio para aquellos que eran víctimas de bullying. En esta investigación se comparan las puntuaciones que han obtenido 276 adolescentes (94 víctimas de bullying y 182 no víctimas) de entre 12 y 14 años, en ansiedad, depresión, rendimiento académico y ciberbullying antes y después del confinamiento. Antes del confinamiento las víctimas obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente mayores en ansiedad, depresión y ciberbullying y menores en rendimiento académico. Durante el confinamiento las diferencias en ansiedad se invirtieron, siendo significativamente menores en el caso de las víctimas de bullying, quienes, además, obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente menores en depresión y en ciberbullying que antes de la pandemia. Sin embargo, el rendimiento académico descendió significativamente en el grupo no-víctimas mientras que no se apreciaron cambios significativos en las puntuaciones de ciberbullying. The stressors associated with the pandemic by COVID 19 have had important consequences on the mental health of many adolescents, however, it is possible that this confinement along with the digital media available for learning and social interaction have provided relief for those who were victims of bullying.. This research compares the scores obtained by 76 adolescents (94 victims of bullying and 182 not victims) between 12 and 14 years old, in anxiety, depression, academic performance and cyberbullying before and after confinement. Before confinement, the victims obtained significantly higher scores in anxiety, depression and cyberbullying and lower scores in academic performance. During confinement, the differences in anxiety were reversed, being significantly lower in the case of victims of bullying, who also obtained significantly lower scores in depression and cyberbullying than before confinement. However, academic performance decreased significantly in the non-victim group, while no significant changes in cyberbullying scores were observed.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Problems Among Caregivers of People Living With Neurocognitive Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxuan Li ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Wanxin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems among caregivers of persons living with neurocognitive disorders (PLWND) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and investigate whether the COVID-19-related experiences were associated with the presence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems.Methods: From March 1 to 31, 2020, 160 caregivers of PLWND participated in an online cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was administered to measure anxiety symptoms, and the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Questions on sleep duration and sleep quality enquired about sleep problems. Six items were used to explore the COVID-19-related experiences, including community-level infection contact and the level of exposure to media information. We computed the prevalence rate of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with these mental health problems.Results: The prevalence rate of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems were 46.9%, 36.3%, and 9.4%. Approximately 55 participants (34.4%) presented with two or more mental health problems. Women had a higher risk of developing anxiety symptoms (OR, 5.284; 95% CI, 2.068–13.503; p = 0.001). Having a mental disorder (OR, 5.104; 95% CI, 1.522–17.114; p = 0.008) was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms. Caregivers who preferred to access positive information (OR, 0.215; 95% CI, 0.058–0.793; p = 0.021) was associated with decreased risk of sleep problems.Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were common among caregivers of older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being female was an independent risk factor for experiencing anxiety symptoms. Preexisting mental disorders increased the risk of depressive symptoms among caregivers, while caregivers who prefer to access positive media information decreased sleep problems.

scholarly journals Benevolence – Associations With Stress, Mental Health, and Self-Compassion at the Workplace

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Andersson ◽  
Cecilia U. D. Stenfors ◽  
Peter Lilliengren ◽  
Stefan Einhorn ◽  
Walter Osika
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Pro Social Behavior

ObjectiveBenevolence is an emerging concept in motivation theory and research as well as in on pro-social behavior, which has stimulated increasing interest in studying factors that impair or facilitate benevolence and effects thereof. This exploratory study examines the associations between benevolence, stress, mental health, self-compassion, and satisfaction with life in two workplace samples.MethodsIn the first study n = 522 (38% = female, median age = 42) participants answered questionnaires regarding self-reported stress symptoms (i.e., emotional exhaustion), depressive symptoms and benevolence. In the second study n = 49 (female = 96%) participants answered questionnaires regarding perceived stress, self-compassion, anxiety, depression symptoms, and benevolence.ResultsIn study 1, measures of emotional exhaustion (r = −0.295) and depression (r = −0.190) were significantly negatively correlated with benevolence. In study 2, benevolence was significantly negatively correlated with stress (r = −0.392) and depression (r = −0.310), whereas self-compassion (0.401) was significantly positively correlated with benevolence. While correlations were in expected directions, benevolence was not significantly associated with Satisfaction with Life (r = 0.148) or anxiety (r = −0.199) in study 2.ConclusionSelf-assessed benevolence is associated with levels of perceived stress, exhaustion, depression, and self-compassion. Future studies are warranted on how benevolence is related to stress and mental ill health such as depression and anxiety, and if benevolence can be trained in order to decrease stress and mental ill health such as depression and anxiety in workplace settings.

scholarly journals Resiliencia y factores sociodemográficos involucrados en la presencia de sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa y de estrés en población adulta chilena durante la pandemia de COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Patricio Alejandro Riquelme Lobos ◽  
Paola Mabel Alejandra Raipán Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Salud Mental

Resilience and sociodemographic factors involved in the presence of depressive, anxiety and of stress symptoms in the Chilean adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a great impact on people’s mental health. The objective of this study was to examine the role of resilience and sociodemographic factors involved in the presence of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms in the Chilean adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 501 participants answered the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). The results indicate that there are high prevalence rates of mental health symptoms during the current health crisis. We found that resilience is inversely associated with the three types of symptoms, also turning out to be a predictor variable for them. It may be concluded that there are groups with a higher risk for experiencing higher levels of depressive, anxiety and stress symptomatology, which indicates the importance of developing strategies that promote mental health. Keywords: COVID-19; resilience; depression; anxiety; stress. Resumen: La pandemia COVID-19 ha provocado un gran impacto en la salud mental de las personas. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar el rol de la resiliencia y de factores sociodemográficos involucrados en la presencia de sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa y de estrés en población adulta chilena durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Una muestra de 501 participantes respondió las Escalas de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) y la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson de 10 ítems (CD-RISC-10). Los resultados indican que existen altas tasas de prevalencia de sintomatología de salud mental durante la actual crisis sanitaria. Encontramos que la resiliencia se asocia de forma inversa a los tres tipos de sintomatología, resultando ser, además, una variable predictora para estos. Se concluye que existen grupos con mayor riesgo de experimentar niveles más altos de sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa y de estrés, lo que indica la importancia de desarrollar estrategias que promuevan la salud mental. Palabras clave: COVID-19; resiliencia; depresión; ansiedad; estrés.

scholarly journals Brazilian’s frequency of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Nelson Fernandes Barbosa ◽  
Monica Cristina Batista de Melo ◽  
Maria do Carmo Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Eliane Nóbrega Albuquerque ◽  
Juliana Monteiro Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Health Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Stepwise Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the frequency of anxiety, stress and depression in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was performed via an online electronic form containing self-reported sociodemographic and mental health variables using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) using the snow-ball sampling technique. For the whole study, a significance level of 0.05 was considered, except for the application of the stepwise method, which considered a level of 0.2. Results: 1,775 people responded the survey, mostly women (78.07%), white (58.13%), single (45.78%), currently working (63.74%). 32.03% received psychotherapy or some type of emotional support before the pandemic, 19.03% had some psychiatric diagnosis and 8.49% started some support after the beginning of the pandemic. The mean scores investigated by the DASS-21 scale were 5.53869 for depression, 4.467334 for anxiety and 8.221202 for stress. Conclusions: during the COVID-19 pandemic, sociodemographic and mental health characteristics were mapped and in Brazilians and the symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress were identified mainly in women, single people, who did not currently work and already had some previous mental health symptom.

scholarly journals Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Orla McBride ◽  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Thanos Karatzias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Temporary Closure

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland precipitated the temporary closure of all non-essential services and a nationwide quarantine as of March 27th, 2020. This study represents the first assessment of the mental health of the nation during the initial phase of the COVID-19 response, as part of a multi-wave investigation into the social, behavioural, and psychological impact of the pandemic.Aims: First, estimate prevalence rates of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and combined anxiety and depression, and identify risk factors associated with screening positive for anxiety/depression. Second, determine if COVID-19-related anxiety was highest amongst those identified with the greatest mortality risk from the virus. Method: Self-report data from a nationally representative Irish sample (N = 1,041) was collected online between March 31 and April 5; the first week of the Republic of Ireland’s nationwide quarantine measures. Results: A substantial proportion of people screened positive for depression (22.77%), generalized anxiety (20.00%), and anxiety/depression (27.67%). Screening positive for anxiety/depression was associated with younger age, female sex, loss of income due to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection, and higher perceived risk of COVID-19 infection. Citizens aged 65 and older reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety than adults aged 18-34. Sex, underlying health conditions, and proximity to COVID-19 deaths were not associated with COVID-19 anxiety.Conclusions: Government responses to the current pandemic should ensure that measures protect not only the population’s physical health, but its mental health also, as an equally important component of health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Salud mental en la educación superior: una mirada desde la salud pública.

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mariela Mogollón-Canal ◽  
Diana Janeth Villamizar-Carrillo ◽  
Sandra Licette Padilla-Sarmiento
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Health Vulnerability ◽  
Apoyo Social ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Belief Model

Objetivo: describir la salud mental de los estudiantes de una institución de educación superior de Norte de Santander,  a través del modelo de creencias con miras a la construcción y aporte de  una universidad saludable. Materiales y Métodos: la metodología es descriptiva, de tipo trasversal, en una muestra de  836 estudiantes quienes respondieron un cuestionario de 125 preguntas que evaluó seis dimensiones: severidad, susceptibilidad, beneficios, barreras, motivación y claves para la acción frente a la salud mental percibida. Resultados: los estudiantes en relación a su vulnerabilidad frente a la salud mental no se perciben susceptibles, razón por la cual se involucran en conductas de riesgo; sin embargo, cuentan con factores protectores enmarcados en la motivación y las claves para la acción que les facilitan la búsqueda de apoyo social y familiar desde el nivel de prevención; una barrera percibida tiene que ver con la ausencia de políticas  en el contexto en  que se desenvuelven Conclusiones: el modelo de creencias se constituye en una alternativa investigativa para explicar la salud mental y la intervención en la misma que permita visualizar entornos universitarios saludables. La salud mental se convierte en un factor protector del adecuado desarrollo y rendimiento académico.PALABRAS CLAVE: estudiantes, psicología, salud mental, salud pública, vulnerabilidad. Mental health in higher education: a view from public healthABSTRACTObjective: to describe the mental health of students of an institution of higher education Norte de Santander, through belief model with a view to the construction and delivery of a healthy university. Materials and Methods: the methodology is of a descriptive traversal type in a sample of 836 students who answered a questionnaire of 125 questions that evaluated six dimensions: severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, motivation and key elements for action against perceived mental health. Results: students in terms of vulnerability to mental health are not perceived susceptible, reason for which they engage in risky behaviors; however, they have protective factors  framed in motivation and the key elements for the action that facilitate the search for social and family support from a preventative level; a perceived barrier is found in the absence of policies that the context in which they operate provides. Conclusions: the belief model constitutes a research alternative explanation for the mental health and intervention in it that allows visualizing healthy university environments. Mental health becomes a protective factor for proper development and academic achievement.KEY WORDS: students, psychology, mental health, public health, vulnerability. A saúde mental no ensino superior: uma visão de saúde pública RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a saúde mental dos estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior Norte de Santander, através de modelo de crença, com vista à construção e entrega de uma universidade saudável. Materiais e Métodos: a metodologia é descritiva tipo transversal em uma amostra de 836 estudantes que responderam a um questionário de 125 perguntas que avaliou seis dimensões: gravidade, susceptibilidade, benefícios, barreiras, motivação e chaves para a ação contra a saúde mental percebida. Resultados: os alunos em termos de vulnerabilidade à saúde mental não são percebidos suscetíveis, porque eles se envolvem em comportamentos de risco; no entanto, eles têm enquadrado fatores de proteção em motivação e as chaves para a ação que facilitar a busca de apoio social e familiar a partir do nível de prevenção; uma barreira percebida é, na ausência de políticas que o contexto em que operam fornece. Conclusões: o modelo de crença constitui uma explicação alternativa de pesquisa para a saúde mental e intervenção em que permite visualizar ambientes universitários saudáveis. A saúde mental torna-se um fator de proteção para o desenvolvimento adequado e desempenho acadêmico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: estudantes, psicologia, saúde mental, saúde pública, vulnerabilidade.

scholarly journals The Mental Health of Latinx Adults in the United States During the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Snapshot of Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca T. Villalobos ◽  
Juventino Hernandez Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The current study documented levels of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and COVID-19 fears and impacts among Latinxs in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants of this cross-sectional study were 388 Latinx adults who completed an online survey between June and November 2020. Almost half of participants showed clinical levels of anxiety and depression and more than a quarter of participants showed clinical levels of posttraumatic stress. Latinxs reported on average 22 types of negative pandemic life impacts. Group differences based on gender, educational attainment, income, vulnerability to COVID-19, and essential worker status were found for mental health symptoms. Severity of COVID-19 fears and negative life impact counts were related to gender, nativity, educational attainment, vulnerability to COVID-19, and insurance status. Specific Latinx groups experienced greater levels of psychological distress during the pandemic. Further examination of risk and protective factors is needed for communities of color.

scholarly journals Mental health implications of COVID-19 pandemic and its response in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402095076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrija Roy ◽  
Arvind Kumar Singh ◽  
Shree Mishra ◽  
Aravinda Chinnadurai ◽  
Arun Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction: Mental health concerns and treatment usually take a backseat when the limited resources are geared for pandemic containment. In this global humanitarian crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health issues have been reported from all over the world. Objectives: In this study, we attempt to review the prevailing mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic through global experiences, and reactive strategies established in mental health care with special reference to the Indian context. By performing a rapid synthesis of available evidence, we aim to propose a conceptual and recommendation framework for mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A search of the PubMed electronic database and google scholar were undertaken using the search terms ‘novel coronavirus’, ‘COVID-19’, ‘nCoV’, SARS-CoV-2, ‘mental health’, ‘psychiatry’, ‘psychology’, ‘anxiety’, ‘depression’ and ‘stress’ in various permutations and combinations. Published journals, magazines and newspaper articles, official webpages and independent websites of various institutions and non-government organizations, verified social media portals were compiled. Results: The major mental health issues reported were stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, denial, anger and fear. Children and older people, frontline workers, people with existing mental health illnesses were among the vulnerable in this context. COVID-19 related suicides have also been increasingly common. Globally, measures have been taken to address mental health issues through the use of guidelines and intervention strategies. The role of social media has also been immense in this context. State-specific intervention strategies, telepsychiatry consultations, toll free number specific for psychological and behavioral issues have been issued by the Government of India. Conclusion: Keeping a positive approach, developing vulnerable-group-specific need-based interventions with proper risk communication strategies and keeping at par with the evolving epidemiology of COVID-19 would be instrumental in guiding the planning and prioritization of mental health care resources to serve the most vulnerable.

scholarly journals Trauma in the Kashmir Valley and the mediating effect of stressors of daily life on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tambri Housen ◽  
Annick Lenglet ◽  
Showkat Shah ◽  
Helal Sha ◽  
Shabnum Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Protracted Conflict ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background The negative psychological impact of living in a setting of protracted conflict has been well studied, however there is a recognized need to understand the role that non-conflict related factors have on mediating exposure to trauma and signs of psychological distress. Methods We used data from the 2015 Kashmir Mental Health Survey and conducted mediation analysis to assess the extent to which daily stressors mediated the effect of traumatic experiences on poor mental health outcomes. Outcomes of interest were probable diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or PTSD; measured using the pre-validated Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). Results Total effect mediated were statistically significant but the proportions of effect mediated were found to be small in practical terms. Financial stress mediated 6.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 6∙0–8∙4], 6.7% [CI 6.2–7∙7] and 3.6% [CI 3∙4–4∙0] of the effect of experiencing multiple traumaticogenic events on symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD, respectively. Family stress mediated 11.3% [CI 10.3–13.8], 10.3% [CI 9.5–11.9] and 6.1% [CI 5.7–6.7] of the effect of experiencing multiple traumatogenic events on symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD, respectively. Poor physical health mediated 10.0% [CI 9.1–12∙0], 7.2% [CI 6.6–8.2] and 4.0% [CI 3.8,4.4] of the effect of experiencing more than seven traumatic events on symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD, respectively. Conclusion Our findings highlight that not only do we need to move beyond a trauma-focussed approach to addressing psychological distress in populations affected by protracted conflict but we must also move beyond focussing on daily stressors as explanatory mediators.

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