scholarly journals Consumo de alcohol, tabaco, cannabis y otras drogas en la adolescencia: efectos de la familia y el barrio [Use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs in adolescence: Effects of family and neighborhood]

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C. Fuentes ◽  
Antonio Alarcón ◽  
Fernando García ◽  
Enrique Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Neighborhood Risk ◽  
Main Effects

The aim of this study was to analyze the protective or risk factors of parental educational styles for the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs, considering the interaction of parenting styles with the dangerousness of the neighborhood. Based on the responses of 628 adolescents, 369 females (58.8%) and 259 males (41.2%) between 15 and 17 years old (<em>M</em> = 16.03 years old, <em>SD</em> = 0.79 years old), families were classified according to their educational style (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian or neglectful) and their level of perceived neighborhood risk (high or low). Results showed no interaction effect; however, main effects of educational styles and perceived neighborhood risk were obtained. Adolescents from indulgent families showed the lowest consumption in the substances evaluated, while those from authoritative, authoritarian and neglectful families showed the highest consumption. Moreover, adolescents from high-risk neighborhoods obtained the highest consumption. Indulgent educational style, acting primarily through affection and not imposition, works as a protective factor regardless of the danger in the neighborhood. The importance of encouraging this parental performance in prevention and intervention programs is highlighted, promoting specific educational strategies to improve affection, communication and parental involvement.

The Construction of Risk and Protective Factor Indices for Adolescent Alcohol and other Drug Use

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. DeWit ◽  
Gloria Silverman ◽  
Michael Goodstadt ◽  
Gina Stoduto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Main Effects

This paper applies the risk factor approach to assess the influence of protection and risk on five measures of substance use: overall involvement in drugs, frequent alcohol use, frequent illegal drug use, frequent drug abuse, and quantity of daily cigarette consumption. For each measure, it was hypothesized that an index of risk factors would serve to increase the likelihood of the occurrence of problem behavior and that an index of protection would result in a reduction. It was also hypothesized that under conditions of high risk the effect of protection would moderate the influence of risk factors more forcefully than under conditions of low risk. Data were obtained from a self-report questionnaire containing over 60 risk and protective measures administered to nearly 400 grade 9 students in 7 high schools located in Toronto, Canada. Measures were tested in a series of regression equations to construct indices of risk and protective factors for each substance measure. Results supported the hypothesis of separate risk and protective factor main effects for all categories of substances. Evidence of moderate to strong interaction effects (i.e., a moderating influence of protection) were also noted. Implications are discussed for methods of identifying high risk youth as well as programs designed to prevent/reduce problem behaviors among this group.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Bacterial Vaginosis, High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection, and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Xu ◽  
Yichan Zhang ◽  
Liqun Yu ◽  
Xingxian Shi ◽  
Min Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection

Abstract Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is an important reason for the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a genital infection that frequently presents in women infected with HPV, but the correlation between BV and HPV during CIN development is still elusive. In this study, we enrolled 624 participants and obtained 423 samples of vaginal secretions from them, including 193 HPV-negative samples and 230 HPV-positive samples. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to measure the vaginal microbiota diversity in women with or without BV and HPV co-infection and then calculated risk factors for CIN progression by logistic regression. We found that condom use (OR=3.480; 95% CI=1.069-11.325; P < .05) was a protective factor against CIN, whereas BV (OR=0.358; 95% CI=0.195-0.656; P < .05) and HR-HPV infection (OR= 0.016; 95% CI=0.004-0.072; P < .001) were risk factors for CIN. BV and HPV infection could trigger an increase in the diversity of vaginal microbiota and decrease Lactobacillus domination, which is conducive to CIN regression. The depletion of the carbohydrate metabolism pathway may induce Lactobacillus reduction. Treating BV in the clinical setting could block CIN development and L. iners may be a crucial species during this process.

scholarly journals Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Siansundu, Binga District, Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe, 2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Cynthia Ncube
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
P Value ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response

Malaria Is Of Public Health Importance In Zimbabwe. A Sharp Rise In The Number Of Malaria Cases In Binga District Was Noted During Week Five In 2013. On Further Analysis, The Siansundu Clinic Was Found To Be In An Outbreak Situation. The Study Was Conducted To Determine Factors Associated With Contracting Malaria In Binga District, Matabeleland North, Zimbabwe. An Unmatched 1: 1 Case-Control Study Was Conducted In Siansundu, Binga, Among 124 Residents. A Case Was A Person Who Presented With Malaria Symptoms, A Control Was A Person Who Was A Neighbour Of A Case And Did Not Suffer From Typical Malaria Symptoms Or Had A Negative RDT Result From The 1st Of January 2013. A Pre-Tested Interviewer-Administered Questionnaire And A Checklist Were Used To Collect Data. Data Were Analyzed Using Epi Info, Where Odds Ratios And P Values Were Calculated. Risk Factors For Contracting Malaria Were: Fetching Water At Night (OR 2.55, P-Value 0.04); Having Inadequate Mosquito Nets Per Sleeping Space (OR 3.596, P-Value 0.036); Worshipping And Praying Outside At Night (OR 3.417, P-Value 0.0006). Wearing Long Clothing At Night Was A Protective Factor Against Contracting Malaria (OR 0.156, P-Value 0.001). The Case Fatality Rate Was 0.43%. The District Was Not Prepared For The Outbreak And Responded Late. Educational Strategies To Address The Risk Factors For Malaria And Regular Meetings By The Emergency Preparedness And Response Team Were Recommended To Prevent Future Outbreaks And Aid Outbreak Preparedness.

scholarly journals Mental health among Vietnamese urban late adolescents: The association of parenting styles

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510292094873
Author(s):  
Thu-Thuy Thi La ◽  
Hong-Van Thi Dinh ◽  
Mai-Huong Thi Phan ◽  
Le-Hang Thi Do ◽  
Phuong-Hoa Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Parenting Program ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Parental Styles ◽  
Mental Problems

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between parental styles and mental problems among Vietnamese high school students. In total, 16.4 percent of 757 eligible participants reported mental difficulties. Findings showed that being female and in grade 12 were risk factors to mental problems while living in Hue city was likely as a protective factor. The father’s warmth reduced the risk of having mental problems among adolescents, while an overprotective mother increased the risk. There was no correlation between authoritarianism of both mother and father and mental difficulties. These results suggest that a parenting program for parents might reduce the risk of mental problems among Vietnamese youth.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Mortality among Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections: What Is the Influence of XDR Phenotype on Outcomes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
María Milagro Montero ◽  
Inmaculada López Montesinos ◽  
Hernando Knobel ◽  
Ema Molas ◽  
Luisa Sorlí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Risk Source ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to assess the impact of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype on mortality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. A retrospective cohort study was performed in a tertiary hospital from January 2000 to December 2018. All consecutive prospectively recorded P. aeruginosa bacteremia in adult patients were assessed. In this study, 382 patients were included, of which 122 (31.9%) due to XDR P. aeruginosa. Independent factors associated with 14-day mortality were as follows: high-risk source of bacteremia (hazard ratio (HR) 3.07, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.73–5.46), septic shock (HR 1.75, 95% CI, 1.12–2.75), and higher Pitt scores (one-point increments; HR 1.25, 95% CI, 1.12–1.38). Otherwise, the appropriateness of definitive antibiotic therapy was a protective factor (HR 0.39, 95% CI, 0.24–0.62). The same variables were also associated with 30-day mortality. XDR phenotype was not associated with 14- or 30-day mortality. In a subanalysis considering only high-risk source cases, combined antimicrobial therapy was independently associated with 14-day favorable outcome (HR 0.56, 95% CI, 0.33–0.93). In conclusion, XDR phenotype was not associated with poor prognosis in patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia in our cohort. However, source of infection, clinical severity, and inappropriate definitive antibiotic therapy were risk factors for mortality. Combined antimicrobial therapy should be considered for high-risk sources.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with horizontal transmission of hepatitis B viral infection from parents to children in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griselda Escobedo-Melendez ◽  
Arturo Panduro ◽  
Alfredo Celis ◽  
Sonia Roman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children is a health problem worldwide. In Mexico, a high prevalence rate of HBV infection and occult HBV infection have been reported in high-risk adults and children. However, studies regarding HBV infection transmitted from HBV-infected parents to children are limited. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with HBV transmission of HBV from parents to children in Mexico. Methodology: A retrospective case-control study was carried out in 24 pediatric patients with clinical HBV infection and 48 healthy controls. Bivariate and forward conditional logistic regression analysis was used to compare demographic variables, the status of HBV vaccination, and risk factors for HBV infection transmission among children and their parents. Results: No newborns were diagnosed with HBV infection, and no significant differences were found in age (p = 0.209) or gender (p = 0.612) compared to the control group. The independent risk factor associated with HBV transmission was the presence of a parent with a history of promiscuity (OR = 30.95, 95%CI = 3.382-283.326; p = 0.002), whereas having completed the HBV vaccination schedule for their age was a protective factor against HBV infection in the children (OR = 0.245, 95%CI = 0.079-0.764; p = 0.015). Conclusions: HBV infection in Mexican children is associated with close interpersonal contact with a parent engaged in high-risk sexual practices suggesting that the horizontal route could be the primary mode of infection. Child and adult vaccination campaigns should be reinforced to avoid HBV infection in Mexico.

scholarly journals Short Trends and Associated Factors of Cognitive Impairment in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
li yang ◽  
shiyun hu ◽  
xiaoling xu ◽  
yanying huang ◽  
cheng xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Population Census ◽  
History Of ◽  
Project Participants

Abstract Background: It has been proposed that some risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are associated with and contribute to the development of all cause of dementia. Our aim was to examine the short trends and associated factors of cognitive impairment among a eastern Chinese population at high risk of CVD. Methods: We used a convenience sampling strategy to select 7 subdistricts in Zhejiang province, which was a part of China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) project. Participants in 2018 (n=3089) and in 2020 (n=3082) at high risk of CVD in Zhejiang province with registry for the PEACE Project. Participants completed 3+ neuropsychological evaluations including of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) tests. Age-, gender- standardized prevalence rates were calculated based on the sixth population census for population of China. Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations between the risk for all-cause dementia. Trial registration number was NCT02536456.Results: There was an increase prevalence of dementia and MCI among the individuals at high risk of CVD between 2018 and 2020. It showed that older age, lower education levels, having a medical history of hypertension, stroke and diabetes, having the family history of hypertension, heavy drinking, depression, and obesity were associated with dementia, while female might be a protective factor for dementia.Conclusion: More population-based strategies should be focusing on modifiable risk factors of dementia, such as CVD risk factors.

scholarly journals In-depth profiling of COVID-19 risk factors and preventive measures in healthcare workers

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Wratil ◽  
Niklas A. Schmacke ◽  
Andreas Osterman ◽  
Tobias Weinberger ◽  
Jochen Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Data

Abstract Purpose To determine risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare workers (HCWs), characterize symptoms, and evaluate preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 spread in hospitals. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted between May 27 and August 12, 2020, after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, we obtained serological, epidemiological, occupational as well as COVID-19-related data at a quaternary care, multicenter hospital in Munich, Germany. Results 7554 HCWs participated, 2.2% of whom tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Multivariate analysis revealed increased COVID-19 risk for nurses (3.1% seropositivity, 95% CI 2.5–3.9%, p = 0.012), staff working on COVID-19 units (4.6% seropositivity, 95% CI 3.2–6.5%, p = 0.032), males (2.4% seropositivity, 95% CI 1.8–3.2%, p = 0.019), and HCWs reporting high-risk exposures to infected patients (5.5% seropositivity, 95% CI 4.0–7.5%, p = 0.0022) or outside of work (12.0% seropositivity, 95% CI 8.0–17.4%, p < 0.0001). Smoking was a protective factor (1.1% seropositivity, 95% CI 0.7–1.8% p = 0.00018) and the symptom taste disorder was strongly associated with COVID-19 (29.8% seropositivity, 95% CI 24.3–35.8%, p < 0.0001). An unbiased decision tree identified subgroups with different risk profiles. Working from home as a preventive measure did not protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. A PCR-testing strategy focused on symptoms and high-risk exposures detected all larger COVID-19 outbreaks. Conclusion Awareness of the identified COVID-19 risk factors and successful surveillance strategies are key to protecting HCWs against SARS-CoV-2, especially in settings with limited vaccination capacities or reduced vaccine efficacy.

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