scholarly journals Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Siansundu, Binga District, Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe, 2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Cynthia Ncube
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
P Value ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response

Malaria Is Of Public Health Importance In Zimbabwe. A Sharp Rise In The Number Of Malaria Cases In Binga District Was Noted During Week Five In 2013. On Further Analysis, The Siansundu Clinic Was Found To Be In An Outbreak Situation. The Study Was Conducted To Determine Factors Associated With Contracting Malaria In Binga District, Matabeleland North, Zimbabwe. An Unmatched 1: 1 Case-Control Study Was Conducted In Siansundu, Binga, Among 124 Residents. A Case Was A Person Who Presented With Malaria Symptoms, A Control Was A Person Who Was A Neighbour Of A Case And Did Not Suffer From Typical Malaria Symptoms Or Had A Negative RDT Result From The 1st Of January 2013. A Pre-Tested Interviewer-Administered Questionnaire And A Checklist Were Used To Collect Data. Data Were Analyzed Using Epi Info, Where Odds Ratios And P Values Were Calculated. Risk Factors For Contracting Malaria Were: Fetching Water At Night (OR 2.55, P-Value 0.04); Having Inadequate Mosquito Nets Per Sleeping Space (OR 3.596, P-Value 0.036); Worshipping And Praying Outside At Night (OR 3.417, P-Value 0.0006). Wearing Long Clothing At Night Was A Protective Factor Against Contracting Malaria (OR 0.156, P-Value 0.001). The Case Fatality Rate Was 0.43%. The District Was Not Prepared For The Outbreak And Responded Late. Educational Strategies To Address The Risk Factors For Malaria And Regular Meetings By The Emergency Preparedness And Response Team Were Recommended To Prevent Future Outbreaks And Aid Outbreak Preparedness.

Risk Factors Associated With Dengue Fever Outbreak in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, 2018: Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Ali Hussein Nassar ◽  
Amr Abdulaziz Torbosh ◽  
Yassin Abdulmalik Mahyoub ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Al Amad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a significant health problem in Yemen especially in the coastal areas. On November 6, 2018, Taiz governorates surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population on an increase in the number of suspected DF in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate. On November 7, 2018, Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation. The aims were to confirm and describe the outbreak by person, place and time in Taiz governorate, and identify its risk factors.Methodology: Descriptive and case-control study (1:2 ratio) were conducted. WHO case definition was used to identify cases in Al Qahirah or Al Mudhaffar districts during August-November 2018. Control was selected from the same districts who did not suffer from DF. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic, behavioral and environmental characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise analyses were used. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for statistically significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used.Results: A total of 50 DF cases were found. Almost 52% were males and 76% were <30 years of age. The overall attack rate was 1/10,000 of the population. Case fatality rate was 4%. In multivariate analysis, not working (aOR = 26.6, 95% CI: 6.8–104.7), not using mosquito repellent (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI:1.4–136.8), wearing short sleeves/pants (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI: 4.8–156.8), poor sanitation (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.4–20.3), presence of outdoor trees (aOR = 13.2, 95% CI: 2.8–63.0) and houses without window nets (aOR = 15.7, 95% CI: 3.9–63.4) were statistically significant risk factors associated with DF outbreak. Eleven 11 (58%) of blood samples were positive for DF IgM.Conclusions: DF outbreak in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate was confirmed. This study provides evidence-based information regarding the identified risk factors that contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak. Raising community awareness on the importance of personal protection measures and improving the sanitation services are strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Consumo de alcohol, tabaco, cannabis y otras drogas en la adolescencia: efectos de la familia y el barrio [Use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs in adolescence: Effects of family and neighborhood]

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C. Fuentes ◽  
Antonio Alarcón ◽  
Fernando García ◽  
Enrique Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Neighborhood Risk ◽  
Main Effects

The aim of this study was to analyze the protective or risk factors of parental educational styles for the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs, considering the interaction of parenting styles with the dangerousness of the neighborhood. Based on the responses of 628 adolescents, 369 females (58.8%) and 259 males (41.2%) between 15 and 17 years old (<em>M</em> = 16.03 years old, <em>SD</em> = 0.79 years old), families were classified according to their educational style (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian or neglectful) and their level of perceived neighborhood risk (high or low). Results showed no interaction effect; however, main effects of educational styles and perceived neighborhood risk were obtained. Adolescents from indulgent families showed the lowest consumption in the substances evaluated, while those from authoritative, authoritarian and neglectful families showed the highest consumption. Moreover, adolescents from high-risk neighborhoods obtained the highest consumption. Indulgent educational style, acting primarily through affection and not imposition, works as a protective factor regardless of the danger in the neighborhood. The importance of encouraging this parental performance in prevention and intervention programs is highlighted, promoting specific educational strategies to improve affection, communication and parental involvement.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at the slaughterhouse of the urban commune of Dédougou in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Modou Séré ◽  
Micheline Nomtondo Sawadogo ◽  
Sié Hermann Pooda ◽  
Benoît Kaboré ◽  
Adama Kaboré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Ruminant Meat

Fasciolosis is a major zoonosis of ruminants which causes great economic losses to breeders. Given the economic and public health importance of this pathology, it is necessary to establish the current situation in a perspective of animal and ruminant meat consumer health protection. Therefore, the present study was conducted at the slaughterhouse of Dédougou in order to identify the species of fluke that caused this pathology in the Boucle du Mouhoun region and to estimate the prevalence, the risk factors and the economic losses associated with this pathology. For this purpose, 820 cattle and 6360 small ruminants were diagnosed through post-mortem examination over a five-month period from March to August 2018. Out of the 6360 small ruminant livers examined, no cases of infestation were observed unlike cattle in which the prevalence of infestation was 2.07%. These infestations were all due to Fasciola gigantica. Regarding the risk factors, a slight effect of the month and a high influence of animals' origin were observed. March, with a prevalence of 0.25%, was the most favorable infestation month (P-value=0.05) and Sourou (19.51%), was the highest infestation risk area (P-value<0.0001). The estimated financial loss associated with the infestations was XOF 22,200.29 per infested animal. The situation is particularly worrying insofar as some populations, especially rural populations, consume meat from uncontrolled slaughter areas. Appropriate precautions should therefore be taken to ensure both consumer and animal health, given the zoonotic nature of the disease.

Adult intensive-care patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1202-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. FUHRMAN ◽  
I. BONMARIN ◽  
D. BITAR ◽  
T. CARDOSO ◽  
N. DUPORT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

SUMMARYIn France, the surveillance of hospitalized cases of pandemic influenza was implemented in July 2009 and restricted to intensive-care unit (ICU) patients in November. We described the characteristics of the 1065 adult patients admitted to ICUs and analysed risk factors for severe outcome (mechanical ventilation or death). Eighty-seven percent of cases were aged 15–64 years. The case-fatality ratio was 20%. The risk for severe outcome increased with age and obesity while this association was negative for chronic respiratory disease. Late antiviral therapy was associated with a severe outcome in ICU patients with risk factors (adjusted OR 2·0, 95% CI 1·4–3·0). This study confirms the considerable contribution of young adults to A(H1N1) 2009 mortality. It shows the role of obesity as an independent risk factor for severe disease, and of early antiviral therapy as a protective factor, at least in patients with risk factors.

The role of 3D-CFD simulation in optimizing pre-emergency responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Nugrahanto Widagdo, MSc, MBA ◽  
Teguh Cahyono, MSc
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response

Consequences of an incident resulted from the release of hazards shall be mitigated to limit the undesirable effects. Emergency preparedness and response should address the duration and severity of the events and also prevent escalation. Therefore, emergency response plans are prepared, along with other related procedures, which are commonly called as preemergency responses. These plans or procedures are quick guidance used by the response team to handle emergency cases especially when it deals with critical equipment or condition. Each plan or case must involve related protection equipment available on site along with sequence for emergency command and hazard analysis.Common analysis provides only the highest magnitude of case or event (worst case scenario), therefore,this information could drive sequential preventive/mitigative actions which require significantly huge company resources to be deployed. To improve efficiency and effectiveness of this strategy, a review of consequence analysis using computational fluid dynamics approach is proposed. Several advantages of using this method are high quality presentation and visualization of phenomenon, ability to provide result monitoring over the period of time, and capacity to use several parameters on the analysis which were not available using the standard approach. Furthermore, this approach can enrich the information contained on the plans/procedures and enhance the quality of the plan representation to match with the actual scenarios. Hence by upgrading this pre-emergency response plans and procedures, it is expected that the emergency preparedness measures will be more comprehensively assessed and ready to provide best and optimum responses in emergencies.

scholarly journals 2304. Incidence and Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster among Diabetes Patients at Siriraj Hospital; Results from a 10-year Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S789-S789
Author(s):  
Nalinee Chuanchaiyakul ◽  
Nuntakorn Thongtang ◽  
Pinyo Rattanaumpawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Siriraj Hospital ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Background Herpes Zoster (HZ) is the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of well-known risk factors for HZ. Nowsday, the knowledge on the incidence of and risk factors for HZ among Thai DM patients is limited. Methods We conducted a nested case–control study of DM patients who attended the Siriraj DM clinic for ≥6 consecutive months during 2005–2014. Eligible subjects were identified through the DM clinic registry database (n = 1,427). Cases were those who had ≥1 episode of HZ while controls were those without evidence of HZ during the study period. We captured 40 cases and randomly sampled 175 controls (1 case: 4 controls). All data were obtained via chart-review, the ICD-10, pharmacy and laboratory databases Results During the 10-year study period, the cumulative incidence and the incidence rate of HZ were 0.28% [95% CI: 0.20–0.38%] and 3.96 [95% CI: 2.90–5.28] per 1,000 person-years. The most common sites were trunk (27.5%), followed by herpes opthalmicus (22.5%). Thirty-five percent had post-herpetic neuralgia and only 1 case required hospitalization. Independent risk factors for HZ [adjusted odd ratio; 95% CI; P-value] identified from multivariate analysis included underlying hypertension [3.48; 1.28–9.43; P = 0.01], number of hypoglycemic drug used [1.46; 1.03–2.08; P = 0.04] and previous use of herbal remedies [3.83; 1.06–13.84; P = 0.04]. Furthermore, higher body mass index was an independent protective factor [0.89;0.81–0.98; P = 0.02]. Conclusion The incidence rate of HZ among DM patients at our institute was comparable to other Asian countries. Risk factors for HZ can be used to identify patients who would benefit the most from preventive interventions. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248936
Author(s):  
Abel Sinshaw Assem ◽  
Mebratu Mulusew Tegegne ◽  
Sofonias Addis Fekadu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Distance

Background Myopia is the leading cause of correctable visual impairment and preventable blindness worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia. Myopia is appearing with greater prevalence in young children. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods and materials A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among school children of 6 to 18 years of age in Bahir Dar city from October to November 2019. A pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 634 participants using a multi-stage sampling technique from primary and secondary schools. Cycloplegic refraction was performed by optometrists for each student with 1% cyclopentolate eye drop, and subjective refraction was carried out to determine the final prescription of the students. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refractive error of ≥ 0.5 diopter in either eye. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 for analysis. Tables, frequency, and mean were used for descriptive statistics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify risk factors of myopia. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables with p–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results Among a total of 601 study participants, 51 (8.49%) were myopic. Age group of 10–13 years (AOR = 6.54: 95% CI = 5.56–10.86), 14–18 years (AOR = 6.32: 95% CI = 5.32–9.69), 2–4 hour per day mobile exposure (AOR = 3.69: 95% CI = 1.63–8.38), > 4 hour per day mobile exposure (AOR = 11.6: 95% CI = 4.41–30.42), near working distance of < 33 centimeter (AOR = 6.89: 95% CI = 2.71–17.56) and outdoor activity (AOR = 3.94: 95% CI = 1.87–8.31) were significantly associated with myopia. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia was high among school children in Bahir Dar city. Older age, longer duration of mobile exposure, shorter near working distance were the risk factors for the development of myopia whereas having outdoor activity was the protective factor.

scholarly journals Faktor Lingkungan dan Perilaku yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Malaria di Kecamatan Panyabungan Mandailing Natal Sumatera Utara

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faizal Rangkuti ◽  
Sulistyani Sulistyani ◽  
Nur Endah W
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Mosquito Nets

Panyabungan is one of the districts in Mandailing Natal regency which is an endemic area of malaria. The number of Malaria cases until 2013 reached 36.6 ‰ in 2879 positive cases. This study aimed to determine factors related to the malaria’s occurrence. This research was observational analytic study with case control design, analyzed by logistic regression.. The result of study indicated that the area of study was in the plateu, the average of temperature and humidity is 30.8 ° C and 66.7% during the day but the everage at night is on 27.2 ° C and 71.7. Factors which  significantly associated with the occurence of malaria were the use of mosquito nets (p value: 0.000; OR: 3.573 ; 95% CI: 1.732 to 7.373), the use of anti-mosquito  substance  (p value: 0.029; OR: 2.719; 95% CI: 1.087 to 6.798), had activity outside  of the house at night (p value: 0.01; OR: 3.254; 95% CI: 1.563 to 6.777), the use of long clothes (p value: 0.013; OR: 2.474; 95% CI: 1.205 to 5.076) and the presence of stagnant water (p value: 0.033; OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.06 to 5.118). The dominant risk factors was not using mosquito nets at night.  

scholarly journals Methanol poisoning in South-South Nigeria: Reflections on the outbreak response

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnanna Onyekwere ◽  
Ifeoma Nwadiuto ◽  
Sylvester Maleghemi ◽  
Omosivie Maduka ◽  
Tamuno-Wari Numbere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response ◽  
Rivers State

The methanol poisoning outbreak in Rivers State, Nigeria in May 2015, involved 84 persons in five local government areas. An incident management system comprised of an Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR) committee and the Local Government Area Rapid Response Teams in an Emergency Operations Centre (EOC). The EOC teams conducted case finding activities, line listing, and descriptive analysis, a retrospective cohort study and collection of local gin samples for laboratory investigation. They also coordinated community mobilization and sensitization activities, intervention meetings with local gin sellers, trace back activities and case management. Those affected were male (72; 85.7%) aged between 20 and 79 years. Of the 55 persons whose socio-demographics were obtained, forty-one persons (74.6%) were married, and 23 (41.8%) had primary education. Case fatality rate was 83.3% with an attack rate of 16 per 100,000 persons. Those exposed to ingestion of adulterated gin were six times more likely to develop methanol poisoning than those not exposed RR=6 (1.0-38.5); P=0.0078. It is hoped that this experience has positioned the state for better preparedness towards future outbreaks.

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