scholarly journals Influence of cardiovascular risk factors on the occurrence of foot risk, prior to the complementary study with infrared thermography

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Álvaro Astasio Picado ◽  
Elena Escamilla Martínez ◽  
Beatriz Gómez Martín
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
And Control

Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus es un problema de salud pública. El Pie diabético es una degeneración de la estructura vascular de los pies, cuyos pacientes presentan problemas neurológicos, necesarios de identificar en el menor tiempo posible. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es analizar la influencia de los factores de riesgo en la aparición del pie de riesgo, como datos complementarios al estudio mediante termografía infrarroja. Método: Se plantea un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional sobre una muestra de 479 sujetos encuadrados en dos grupos, grupo casos (personas con diabetes) y grupo control (personas sin diabetes). El grupo casos compuesto de un total de 277 personas, con una edad media de 63.41 años, [138 hombres (49.8%) y 139 mujeres (50.2%)]. De igual modo para el grupo control, el número consistió en 202 usuarios, con una edad media de 61.92 años, [ 99 hombres (49%) y 103 mujeres (51%)]. La toma de imágenes se ha llevado a cabo con la cámara FLIR E60bx® (FLIR® Company, Boston, USA). El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos se ha realizado utilizando el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics 22.Conclusión: Se puede concluir afirmando que el estudio de los diferentes factores de riesgo es clave en el diagnóstico del pie de riesgo. Se puede establecer con rotundidad que la edad es un condicionante evidente, ya que las edades avanzadas se corresponden con un IMC y perímetro abdominal mayor. Unido al análisis mediante termografía infrarroja en la evaluación del pie de riesgo es útil para el diagnóstico y prevención de zonas comprometidas del pie, evitando así el desencadenante evidente en los daños propios de un pie diabético. Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem. The diabetic foot is a degeneration of the vascular structure of the feet, whose patients present neurological problems that need to be identified in the shortest possible time.Objective: The study's objective was to analyse the influence of risk factors in the appearance of the foot at risk as complementary data to the infrared thermography study.Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study was proposed for a sample of 479 subjects corresponding to two groups – cases (subjects with diabetes) and control (subjects without diabetes). The cases group comprised 277 subjects, mean age 63.41 years, 138 men (49.8%) and 139 women (50.2%). The control group comprised 202 subjects, mean age 61.92 years, 99 men (49%) and 103 women (51%). Images were taken with an FLIR E60bx® camera (FLIR® Company, Boston, USA). The statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 statistical package.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the study of the different risk factors is key to the diagnosis of the foot at risk. It was solidly established that age evidently conditions the risk, since advanced ages corresponded to greater BMI and waist circumference. This type of study, together with the analysis by infrared thermography, is useful for the diagnosis and prevention of compromised areas of the foot, thus avoiding the obvious triggering of the damage typical of a diabetic foot.

scholarly journals Fatores de risco para vigilantes

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Maria Evani Souza Borges ◽  
Jefferson De Sousa Melo ◽  
Luiza Chayanne Da Silva Soares ◽  
Adélia Dalva Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Sávia De Souza Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

RESUMOObjetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus em vigilantes. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizado com 23 vigilantes, por meio de um questionário analisado pelo software SPSS e apresentado em tabelas. Resultados: predominou os que praticam atividade física; não fumam; não consomem bebida alcóolica; consomem vegetais, frutas, legumes ou grãos; consomem frituras, salgados ou carnes gordas; têm antecedentes pessoais e familiares de hipertensão e diabetes, com maior ocorrência de hipertensão. A maioria obteve pressão arterial ótima e risco aumentado e muito aumentado para obesidade abdominal. Conclusão: apesar da atividade exercida ser considerada fator predisponente para a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus, os pesquisados demonstraram hábitos de vida saudáveis e níveis pressóricos dentro do padrão de normalidade. Descritores: Saúde Pública; Diabetes Mellitus; Hipertensão; Trabalho em Turnos; Fatores de Risco; Enfermagem.                                                                                                                    ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the risk factors for systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in vigilantes. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross - sectional study with 23 vigilantes, through a questionnaire analyzed by SPSS software and presented in tables. Results: predominantly those who practice physical activity; do not smoke; do not consume alcoholic beverage; consume vegetables, fruits, vegetables or grains; eat fried foods, salty foods or fatty meats; have a personal and family history of hypertension and diabetes, with a higher occurrence of hypertension. Most had optimal blood pressure and increased and greatly increased risk for abdominal obesity. Conclusion: although the activity was considered a predisposing factor for systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the subjects showed healthy habits and blood pressure levels within the normal range. Descritores: Public Health; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Shift Work; Risk Factors; Nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para la hipertensión arterial sistémica y la diabetes mellitus en vigilantes. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado con 23 vigilantes, por medio de un cuestionario analizados por el software SPSS y presentados en tablas. Resultados: predominó los que practican actividad física; no fuman; no consumen bebida alcohólica; consumen vegetales, frutas, legumbres o granos; consumen frituras, salados o carnes gordas; tiene antecedentes personales y familiares de hipertensión y diabetes, con mayor ocurrencia de hipertensión. La mayoría obtuvo una presión arterial óptima y un riesgo aumentado y muy aumentado para la obesidad abdominal.  Conclusión: a pesar de la actividad ejercida como factor predisponente para la hipertensión arterial sistémica y diabetes mellitus, los encuestados demostraron hábitos de vida saludables y niveles de presión dentro del patrón de normalidad. Descritores: Salud Pública; Diabetes Mellitus; Hipertensión; Trabajo en Turnos; Factores de Riesgo; Enfermería.

Study of Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction among Normotensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – A Cross–Sectional Study from Puducherry, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
pp. 3344-3349
Author(s):  
Suman Babu I.S.S. ◽  
Sethu Prabhu Shankar ◽  
Harshavardhan Reddy ◽  
Surya Usha Surendran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Value

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) single-handedly accounts for 75 – 90 % of excess coronary artery disease (CAD) risk seen in persons suffering from it and it also enhances and amplifies the effects of other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. After adjusting for concomitant risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, there still remains an excess risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with diabetics. In this study, we wanted to evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction in normotensive diabetic patients. METHODS A cross sectional comparative study was performed from January 2016 to September 2017 on 50 diabetics and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. Adult patients of both sexes with diabetes mellitus who are normotensive were included as cases. Patients with known heart disease, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disorders were excluded from the study. 2D transthoracic echocardiogram (ECHO) with M mode was used for assessing systolic and diastolic function. RESULTS Mean ejection fraction was lower in patients group (59.76) as compared to control group (64.74) with 8 % of cases with a value of< 50 %. Fractional shortening was also lower in patients (29.14) compared to controls (34.86) with 12 % patients having a value of < 25 %. E/A ratio was 1.12 in patients when compared to 1.36 in controls with 32 % of patients having value < 1. Mean isovolumic relaxation time was 96.52 in patients when compared to 87.42 in controls with 24 % patients having value > 100 msec. CONCLUSIONS Normotensive diabetics are prone to left ventricular dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction is more common than systolic dysfunction. KEYWORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Systolic Dysfunction, Diastolic Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Disease

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hand Eczema and Its Determinants Among Female Hairdressers: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hajaghazadeh ◽  
Abbas Jafari ◽  
Shole Jafari ◽  
Shirin Hekmatirad ◽  
Alireza Didarloo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Introduction:Female hairdressers are exposed to various chemicals in their occupation which may lead to skin problems such as hand eczema.This study aimed to determine the one-year prevalence of hand eczema and its risk factors in a sample of Northwest Iranian female hairdressers in 2015.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional investigation in which 385 female hairdressers and 385 women from general population were selected as case and control, respectively.The prevalence of one-year hand eczema was obtained by Nordic occupationl skin questionnaireusing face-to-face interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression in SPSS software version 19).Results:The mean and standard deviation of age and work experience of hairdressers were 33.16 ± 7.2 and 8.72 ± 5.7 years, respectively.The prevalence of one-year hand eczema in hairdressers and control group were 27.8% (95%CI=23.22 -32.22) and 13.2% (95%CI=9.02-15.58), respectively. The Odds Ratio (OR) for hand eczema in the hairdressers was 2.52 (95%CI=1.72-3.64), compared to the control group as the reference. Using logistic regression analysis smoking habit [OR=3.44 (95%CI=1.73-6.85)],age less than 30 years [OR=1.76 (95%CI=1.04-2.96)] and working experience less than10 years [OR=3.14 (95%CI=1.63-6.04)]were independent risk factors for reporting one-year prevalence of hand eczemaConclusion:Female hairdressers were more likely to be at risk of developing hand eczema compared to general population. Smoking habit, younger age, and less work experience were the significant risk factors of hand eczema in hairdressers. Occupational health interventions should consider these factors in the control of hand eczema in hairdressers.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF DIABETIC FOOT EXERCISES USING SPONGES AND NEWSPAPERS ON FOOT SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Siti Fadlilah ◽  
Adi Sucipto ◽  
Nazwar Hamdani Rahil
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a critical public health problem, and its prevalence in Indonesia remains high. Diabetes mellitus may cause complications, one of which is neuropathy that can impair foot sensitivity. This requires a treatment by doing diabetic foot exercises using sponges and paper.Objective: To examine the effectiveness of diabetic foot exercise using sponges and newspapers on foot sensitivity in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest posttest with a control group research design, which was conducted at Public Health Center Depok III, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. An accidental sampling technique was used to select participants, with a total sample of 108 respondents consisting of 36 respondents in a control group, 36 respondents in a sponge group, and 36 respondents in a newspaper group. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test.Results: Among the three groups, only those who received foot exercises using sponges and newspapers had a significant effect on foot sensitivity (p <.05). However, there was no significant difference on the effect of foot exercise on foot sensitivity between sponges and newspapers group (p >.05).Conclusion: The use of sponges and newspapers in foot exercise could significantly improve foot sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is therefore recommended for nurses to provide the foot exercise as a part of nursing practice in both hospitals and community health centers.

scholarly journals Pie risk, una herramienta para la prevención del pie diabético

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Arturo Orduz ◽  
Claudia Tique ◽  
Ingrid Stetphens ◽  
Andrés González ◽  
Barengo Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Medical Visit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

Introducción: El pie diabético es un problema de salud pública debido a su elevada frecuencia, severidad y a su impacto económico. En la etapa prepatogénica, el pie presenta alteraciones funcionales y estructurales que de no detectarse a tiempo pueden progresar a la úlcera. Sin embargo, el examen de los pies no se realiza en la mayoría de las consultas. La prevención primaria y la detección oportuna deben tener lugar en el primer nivel de atención.Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un instrumento simple y práctico para clasificar de manera temprana el pie del paciente diabético en riesgo por parte de la enfermera entrenada antes de la visita a su médico tratante, teniendo en cuenta todos los elementos patogénicos.Métodos: Estudio transversal. Se creó una escala a partir de la experiencia clínica en donde se califican ocho factores de riesgo para desarrollar ulceración: tiempo de diabetes desde el diagnóstico, control metabólico, presencia de síntomas de neuropatía diabética, diagnóstico de la neuropatía por monofi- lamento, presencia de claudicación intermitente y ausencia de pulsos periféricos, presencia de deformidades, presencia de infecciones locales e historia anterior de úlceras que sanaron, amputaciones menores o pie de Charcot. Los puntajes fueron asignados según gravedad. Esta herramienta fue aplicada a un grupo de 204 diabéticos con ulceración y 207 pacientes diabéticos sin ulceración.Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 65 años, el 42,8% de los pacientes eran hombres. La edad y todos los ítems de la escala, excepto hemoglobina glucosilada, fueron asociados con la presencia de úlcera. Usando un punto de corte de 10 puntos, la herramienta tuvo una sensibilidad del 100% y una especificidad del 73,4% para el diagnóstico de úlcera, con un área bajo la curva ROC de 0,992(IC 95%, 0,986 A 0,998).Conclusión: La herramienta “pie risk” es útil para la calificación y valoración del riesgo de pie diabético.Abstract Background: The diabetic foot is a public health problem due to its frequency, severity and economic impact. In prepathogenic phases, the foot presents structural and functional alterations that, if not detected opportunely, will progress to an ulcer. However, a thorough examination of the diabetic patient’s feet is often eluded in routine health controls. Objective: To develop and validate a simple and practical instrument for early classification of the diabetic foot risk that can be easily applied by a trained nurse before the medical visit. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Based on clinical expertise, a scale with eight risk factors for foot ulcer was developed: time from diagnosis, glycosylated hemoglobin, neuropathy symptoms, monofilament test, absent pulses or claudication; deformities, local infection and history of either amputation, ulceration or Charcot foot. Item scores were assigned based on severity. The tool was tested in a group of 204 ulcerated diabetic patients and 207 of non-ulcerated diabetic patients. Results: Median age was 65 years, 42.8% of patients were male. Age and all scale items except glycosylated hemoglobin were statically associated with ulcer presence. Using the proposed cut point of 10 points, the scale has 100% sensitivity and73.4% specificity for ulcer diagnosis, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.992 (95% CI 0.986 to 0.998). Conclusions: ‘Pie risk’ is a useful tool for the evaluation and risk assessment of the diabetic patient.

scholarly journals Association between Risk Factors and New-Onse Seizures in Old Age Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Samee Jatoi ◽  
Dayo Abdullah ◽  
M. Z. Jilani ◽  
Soomro Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Onset Seizure ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Onset

Objective: To determine the association between risk factors and new-onset seizures in old age population at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi. Methods: A case control study on old age patients of > 60 years visited emergency department (ED) either with new onset seizure or without seizure were conducted at ED of Ziauddin University Hospital Karachi. 154 consecutive old age patients were distributed into two groups i.e., case group (77 old age patients of new onset seizure) and control group (77 old age patients without seizure). Risk factors including stroke, dementia, head trauma, metabolic causes, brain tumor, infection of central nervous system (CNS), depression and anxiety were evaluated. Results: Out of 154 old age patients, male was 32 (41.6%) and 40 (51.9%) and female was 45 (58.4%) and 37 (48.1%) in case and control group respectively. Type of seizure in control group was generalized tonic–clonic seizure (GTCS) in 51 (66.2%) patients and focal seizure in 26 (33.8%) patients. Comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (DM) in 76 (98.7%) and 59 (76.6%) patients, hypertension (HTN) in 72 (93.5%) and 63 (81.8%) patients and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in 39 (50.6%) and 25 (32.5%) patients. Risk factors were stroke in 23 (29.9%) and 16 (20.8%) patients, dementia in 3 (3.9%) and 0 (0.0%) patients, head trauma in 0 (0.0%) and 33 (42.9%) patients, metabolic causes in 27 (35.1%) and 27 (35.1%) patients, brain tumor in 6 (7.8%) and 0 (0.0%) patients, CNS infection in 17 (22.1%) and 1 (1.3%) patients and depression in 2 (2.6%) and 0 (0.0%) patients. Conclusion: New-onset seizures are significantly associated with age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, brain tumor and CNS infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Fetomaternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Groof ◽  
Ghadeer Garashi ◽  
Hamid Husain ◽  
Shaikhah Owayed ◽  
Shaima AlBader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing global public health problem that can have short- and long-term health consequences for the mother and the child. Despite its criticalness, many countries still do not have the epidemiological data which could guide them in responding to the problem. Due to the lack of knowledge on GDM and the fact that diabetes and obesity are high in Kuwait, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of GDM and determine its risk factors and outcomes. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 947 mothers living in Kuwait, who had given birth within the previous four years. Participants were recruited from primary health care clinics and public hospitals. GDM status was self-reported by the mother. Associations between exposures and outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results. Of the 868 mothers with no prior history of diabetes mellitus, 109 (12.6%, 95% CI: 10.4, 14.8) reported having been given a GDM diagnosis during their last pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM increased with maternal age and prepregnancy body mass index. GDM was positively associated with caesarean section delivery (aOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.66) and fetal macrosomia (aOR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.89). Conclusion. GDM is prevalent in Kuwait and is associated with poor maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. To date, GDM has received little attention, and there is a need for more research to identify and respond to individual and public health implications of GDM in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 in nursing students

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Sidnéia Sousa Silveira ◽  
Roberto Wagner Júnior Freire de Freitas ◽  
Vanessa Emille Carvalho de Sousa ◽  
Izabel Cristina Falcão Juvenal Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

ABSTRACTObjective: to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 among nursing students. Method: a cross-sectional study was developed in the first semester of 2009 with 99 nursing students, of both sexes, in a nursing college of Fortaleza/Ceará. Data were collected with a formulary regarding sociodemographic factors, anthropometric data, physical activity information, blood pressure levels and the capillary glycemia. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Software Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0. The study was approved by the committee of ethics in research involving humans of the mentioned college through the protocol number 011/2009. Results: a large portion of the sample (46.5%) presented Overweight/obesity, 74,7% presented sedentaryism, 14.1% presented prehypertension, 14.1% presented hypertension  and 1% had high capillary glycemia. Conclusions: the study showed that nursing students that participated in the survey presented different risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2. It reinforces the importance of emphasize the prevention of this illness. Descriptors: diabetes mellitus; risk factors; students.RESUMOObjetivo: investigar a prevalência dos fatores de risco para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 entre acadêmicos de enfermagem. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, desenvolvido no primeiro semestre de 2009 com 99 estudantes, de ambos os sexos e devidamente matriculados no curso de bacharelado em enfermagem de uma faculdade de Fortaleza-Ceará. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um formulário com informações de dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, referentes à prática de atividade física, à pressão arterial e à glicemia capilar. Os dados foram armazenados em um banco e analisados por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 16.0. O estudo foi apreciado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Envolvendo Seres Humanos da Faculdade Integrada do Ceará e aprovada através do protocolo n. 011/2009. Resultados: Grande parcela da amostra, 46,5%, apresentava sobrepeso/obesidade, 74,7% sedentarismo, 14,1% foram classificados como pré-hipertensos, 14,1% como hipertensos e 1% apresentou glicemia capilar elevada. Conclusões: o estudo mostrou que os estudantes de enfermagem, que participaram da pesquisa, possuíam uma série de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e reforça, ainda, a importância da conscientização destes indivíduos quanto às medidas preventivas da enfermidade. Descritores: diabetes mellitus; fatores de risco; estudantes.RESUMENObjetivo: investigar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo para la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 entre académicos de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, desarrollado en la primera mitad de 2009 con 99 alumnos de ambos sexos y debidamente inscritos en un curso de enfermería de Fortaleza-Ceará. Para recoger los datos, se aplicó un formulario con informaciones socio demográficas, datos antropométricos, datos relativos a la práctica de la actividad física, a la presión arterial y a la glucemia capilar. Los datos fueron almacenados y analizados a través del Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 16.0. El estudio fue examinado por el Comité de ética en Pesquisas con seres humanos de la institución y fue aprobado a través del protocolo numero 011/2009. Resultados: una gran parte de la muestra, 46,5%, presentó sobrepeso y obesidad, 74,7% presentaron sedentarismo, 14,1% presentaron pre-hipertensión, 14,1% presentaron hipertensión y 1% fueron clasificados como portadores de glucemia capilar alta. Conclusiones: el estudio demostró que los estudiantes de enfermería que participaron del estudio tuvieron una serie de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Esto refuerza la importancia de la toma de conciencia de estos individuos en relación a las medidas de prevención de esta enfermedad. Descriptores: diabetes mellitus; factores de riesgo; estudiantes.

Comparison of Thermal Foot Maps between Diabetic Patients with Neuropathic, Vascular, Neurovascular, and No Complications

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Astasio-Picado ◽  
Elena Escamilla Martínez ◽  
Beatriz Gómez-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Camera Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Left And Right

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem worldwide. The diabetic foot has a degenerate vascular structure, and its patients present neurological problems, which require the earliest possible identification. Introduction: The objective of the research was to use infrared thermography to analyze the temperature difference of the feet of users with diabetes mellitus with neuropathy, vasculopathy, neurovascular disease, or none of them, segmenting the sole of the foot in four areas for the study. Methods: A type of descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was developed in a group of 277 patients with diabetic pathology (138 men and 139 women), with an average age of 63.41 ± 17.69 years and a body mass index of 29.08 ± 5.86, delimited in four groups: 22 (7.94%) with neuropathy, 32 (11.55%) with vasculopathy, 83 (29.96%) with neurovasculopathy and 140 (50.54%) without previous pathology. Thus, almost half of the sample (49.46%) presented some type of complication (neuropathic, vasculopathic or both). The photographic images were made with an infrared camera model FLIR E60bx®. The data obtained were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 statistical program. Results: There were lower temperatures under the 1st metatarsal head, the 5th metatarsal head, the heel, and pulp of the big toe of both left and right feet of the patients in the neuropathy, vasculopathy, and neurovasculopathy groups relative to the group with neither pathology. Conclusion: Infrared thermography can be useful in assessing the foot at risk to reveal the variability of temperature according to the study area, which may be useful for medical judgment and the predisposition to identify lesions in compromised regions of the foot.

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