scholarly journals OBTAINING GRANULATED ACTIVE CARBON FROM WASTES OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Еlena A. Farberova ◽  
Elena A. Tingaeva ◽  
Anna D. Chuchalina ◽  
Asiya R. Kobeleva ◽  
Andrei S. Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Preliminary Heat Treatment ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

In the processes of agricultural products production a sufficiently large amount of solid wastes which contain high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as lignin, cellulose, etc. is accumulated. However, such wastes are rarely used to produce active carbons, and only technologies with their use for obtaining crushed or powdered sorption materials are known. In the industrial production of granular activated carbon the fossil coals are mainly used. In this work, research was conducted on the development of methods for producing granulated active carbon of spherical form. And the characteristics of their porous structure were studied. The process of granulation of the spherical shape of sorbents was carried out by liquid dispersing composition containing pulverized wastes of vegetable origin and a binder. As plant materials we used walnut shells and peanuts, apricot seed, buckwheat husk, and for comparison, the dust caking coal of SSOM brand. As a binder a phenol formaldehyde resin was used. To remove volatile substances of plant the raw material was subjected to preliminary heat treatment without access of air in a muffle furnace at optimum temperature which was determined by thermogravimetry. Crushed carbon material was mixed with a binder component in a weight ratio of 1:5 and was sprayed into a solution of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 30-35% for the curing of the pellets. The obtained pellets were soaked in acid solution for 24-30 h, were separated from the liquid, were washed with distilled water to pH = 5-6, and were dried first in air and were subjected to heat treatment. The result of the research shows the possibility of regulation of characteristics of the porous structure of the spherical granular activated carbon depending on the plant material. The resulting spherical granules of activated carbon have developed  system of micro - and mesopores. Depending on the type of plant waste the received active carbon has a radius of micropores in the range of (0.527-0.635) nm and maximum sorption volume varied from 0.46 to 0.71 cm3/g.Forcitation:Farberova E.A., Tingaeva E.A., Chuchalina A.D., Kobeleva A.R., Maximov A.S. Obtaining granulated active carbon from wastes of vegetable raw materials. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 51-57

scholarly journals Methods of Getting Activated Carbon From Plant Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
A. Mamyshov
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
The One

This article is devoted to the production of activated carbon from vegetable raw materials. Due to the environmental stress, the problem of obtaining and searching for new sorbents, as well as the development of new sorption technologies, is urgent. Of particular interest are many tonnage production, such as, for example, timber processing and chemical industries. The latter is due to two reasons. On the one hand, the technologies of these industries are burdened with significant waste. On the other — wood and its components, natural compounds are the raw material for sorbents, and a unique sorbent is activated charcoal.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CARBOXYMETHYLATED PLANT MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена (Yelena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Калюта (Kalyuta) ◽  
Вадим (Vadim) Иванович (Ivanovich) Маркин (Markin) ◽  
Михаил (Mikhail) Ильич (Il'ich) Мальцев (Mal'tsev)
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The development of new plant growth regulators based on products of chemical processing of plant raw materials is currently an urgent task for increasing yields in agricultural production. On the basis of carboxymethylated plant materials, "Eco-Stim" plant growth regulator has been developed. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the storage conditions of solutions of carboxymethylated plant materials in "Eco-Stim" as part of the preparation on their rheological and growth-regulating properties. The rheological properties of the aqueous systems of carboxymethylated pine, sunflower, and oat chaff have been studied at concentrations of 0.2–15%. It is established that the change in viscosity as a result of the shear rate of the systems studied is more complex in comparison with aqueous solutions of Na-CMC. Storage of solutions of carboxymethylated vegetable raw materials for 20 months, as well as the processes of freezing and thawing for 6–9 weeks have practically no effect on the viscosity and growth regulating properties of carboxymethylated vegetable raw materials. The studied systems make it possible to increase the germination of wheat seeds Omskaya-36 to 80–87% and to increase the length of the root by 4–10 times and the stem by 1.5–2 times compared to the control.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF WASHING FOOD VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gladushnyak ◽  
Oleksandr Vsevolodov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The article is devoted to the issues of rational consumption of clean water for carrying out the technological process of washing vegetable raw materials, as well as finding out the reasons for the high energy costs of the technological process of washing. The requirements of state standards that are presented to raw materials supplied to canning enterprises for the processing and production of canned foods are described. The amount of soil contamination and the number of microorganisms that are allowed by the relevant standards on the surface of root crops are indicated. It also indicates the inadmissibility of using water that does not meet the requirements of the standards. The modern equipment of the world leading manufacturers of equipment for washing plant materials and some domestic manufacturers is considered. The main directions of using clean water for the technological process of washing vegetable raw materials are considered. The amount of clean running water used for washing is indicated, which on average exceeds 1.5 ... 2 times that accepted in industry. The characteristics of some modern washing machines are given, the reasons for the increased clean water consumption, as well as the drive power of the washing machines, are described. The average value of specific electricity consumption per 1 kg of washed raw material is given. To solve the issues of rational consumption of clean running water, as well as reducing power to drive washers, a technological process that uses a two-stage washer with a section of "dry washing" of vegetable raw materials is proposed. By coordinating the washing regimes in the two-stage method, it is possible to significantly reduce both the flow rate of clean running water and the energy consumption for the washing process of raw materials. The article shows a diagram of a universal two-stage washer for washing plant materials, in particular root crops. The proposed method and design of the machine that implements this method are protected by the patent of Ukraine No. 107488 for the invention.

scholarly journals Method for producing fruit paste using innovative equipment

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Valeriy Mykhailov ◽  
Andrii Zahorulko ◽  
Aleksey Zagorulko ◽  
Bogdan Liashenko ◽  
Svеtlana Dudnyk
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Preliminary Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Black Chokeberry ◽  
Rotary Film ◽  
Film Electric Heater

A method for the production of multicomponent fruit and vegetable paste has been developed. All components were selected considering the content of physiologically functional ingredients. The method is distinguished using the developed innovative equipment: a multifunctional apparatus for the implementation of preliminary heat treatment of raw materials; rotary film evaporator for concentrating puree. The developed devices are distinguished by increased resource efficiency due to heating with a low-temperature film electric heater with a temperature regime in the range of 45-70 °C. The study of structural and mechanical parameters and organoleptic evaluation of the prototypes allowed to reveal the rational content of raw materials in the developed paste: apples – 30%; viburnum – 20%; black chokeberry – 20%; pumpkins – 20%, beets – 10%.

scholarly journals Obtaining sorbents from brown coals samples of Kharanorskoe coal deposit by way of electromagnetic microwave radiation exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 03021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vorsina ◽  
Tatiana Moskalenko ◽  
Valerii Mikheev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Preliminary Heat Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Brown Coals

This article studies the possibility of intensification of Kharanorskoe deposit brown coal alkaline activation by way of electromagnetic microwave radiation (EMR) exposure in order to obtain sorbents. There is data that presents investigation of qualitative and adsorption properties of sorbents obtained from 0-2 mm brown coal samples impregnated with potassium hydroxide at a KOH / coal of 1 g / g weight ratio and subjected to thermolysis at 800 °C in the thermal shock mode. The authors carried out a detailed analysis of three options for thermal treatment of the coal-alkali mixture ahead of thermolysis: coalalkali mixture drying to indiscrete mass, EMR treatment and combination of ones. The design of a laboratory microwave oven for heat treatment of raw materials based on the use of EMR at a frequency of 2,450 MHz is presented. It was found out that the effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.450 MHz makes it possible to increase the adsorption activity on iodine by 4-6%, reaching a value of 97%, to significantly shorten the time of preliminary heat treatment of the coalalkali mixture and to shorten the thermolysis time when sorbents obtain.

scholarly journals The Effect of SBA-15 Surface Modification on the Process of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Adsorption: Modeling of Experimental Adsorption Isotherm Data

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Moritz ◽  
Małgorzata Geszke-Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Nonlinear Fitting ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoid ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

This study aimed at the adsorption of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid derivative of oleanane type, onto functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 silica and non-porous silica (Aerosil®) as the reference adsorbent. Although 18β-GA possesses various beneficial pharmacological properties including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, it occurs is small amounts in plant materials. Thus, the efficient methods of this bioactive compound enrichment from vegetable raw materials are currently studied. Siliceous adsorbents were functionalized while using various alkoxysilane derivatives, such as (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS), [3-(methylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS), (N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (DMAPTMS), and [3-(2-aminothylamino)propyl] trimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS). The effect of silica surface modification with agents differing in the structure and the order of amine groups on the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent and adsorption efficiency were thoroughly examined. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed while using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Dubinin-Astakhov isotherms. Both linear regression and nonlinear fitting analysis were employed in order to find the best-fitted model. The adsorption isotherms of 18β-GA onto silicas functionalized with APTMS, MAPTMS, and AEAPTMS indicate the Langmuir-type adsorption, whereas sorbents modified with DMAPTMS show the constant distribution of the adsorbate between the adsorbent and the solution regardless of silica type. The Dubinin-Astakhov, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Redlich-Peterson equations described the best the process of 18β-GA adsorption onto SBA-15 and Aerosil® silicas that were functionalized with APTMS, MAPTMS, and AEAPTMS, regardless of the method that was used for the estimation of isotherm parameters. Based on nonlinear fitting analysis (Dubinin-Astakhov model), it can be concluded that SBA-15 sorbent that was modified with APTMS, MAPTMS, and AEAPTMS is characterized by twice the adsorption capacity (202.8–237.3 mg/g) as compared to functionalized non-porous silica (118.2–144.2 mg/g).

Study on Microwave Combined with Active Carbon for the COD Remove of Amoxicillin Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1348-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Li Feng ◽  
Xue Qian Wang ◽  
Yu Jia ◽  
Ping Ning
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Removal Rates

This paper makes the amoxicillin production wastewater as the research target and uses the microwave-activated carbon to treat this kind of wastewater. The results show that 6g of the 60 purpose granular activated carbon mixed with 50ml of the wastewater that diluted 10 times and the pH value is 9 under the condition that irradiated power up to 480W and the irradiation time for 7min, the COD removal rates is up to 96.38% and the effluent COD value is 48.28mg/L.

Assessment of Different Binders for Activated Carbon Granulation for the Use in CO2 Adsorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1086-1100
Author(s):  
Pauls Argalis ◽  
Ilze Jerane ◽  
Aivars Zhurinsh ◽  
Kristine Vegere
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Gas Generator

Abstract An eco-friendly method for the synthesis of granular activated carbon was developed in this study. Two types of activated carbon and three types of activated carbon granules have been obtained using different binders, and their properties have been determined. The approach requires adding other binders and waste materials to improve the granulation of activated carbon. Activated carbon was prepared from birch wood chips. Prepared carbon was granulated with a) gas generator tar, b) phenol-formaldehyde resin, and c) polyvinyl acetate to obtain granular activated carbon. This work aims to study the possibilities of using activated carbon adsorbents for CO2 adsorption. The activated carbon produced was characterized by BET, FTIR, and SEM. The adsorption behavior on CO2 was also studied. Granular activated carbons compression strength was enough to study it in an adsorption bed, and an optimal binder was to be phenol-formaldehyde resin and polyvinyl acetate. The obtained results show that activated carbon granules are suitable for CO2 adsorption and can be used, for example, for the removal of CO2 in the biogas upgrading process. As the sustainability problems are increasing, granules from waste materials could be promising materials for further studies.

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE COMPOSITE MIXTURE INGREDIENTS FOR MELTED CHEESES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.С. ЕВДОКИМОВ ◽  
С.А. КАЛМАНОВИЧ ◽  
Т.Н. ИВАНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
Composite Mixture ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Object Of Study

Исследована антиоксидантная активность (АОА) ингредиентов композиционной смеси для плавленых сыров с целью повышения их окислительной устойчивости и придания продукту функциональных свойств. Объектом исследования было растительное сырье семена тыквы, шрот расторопши пятнистой, корень аира болотного, спирулина, гречневый продел. В качестве экстрагентов использовали воду и метиловый спирт. Установлено, что при экстрагировании водой АОА ингредиентов композиционной смеси на 16,327,2 ниже, чем при экстрагировании спиртом. Наибольшую АОА независимо от экстрагента имеют шрот расторопши и корень аира болотного. Термическая обработка сырья при температуре 8590С снижает его антиоксидантную активность на 6,923,7. Наибольшее снижение при экстракции метанолом отмечается у термически обработанных семян тыквы 75,3 от нативного образца. Наименьшее снижение АОА установлено в аире болотном 93,7 от нативного образца при экстракции метанолом и 93,1 водой. Полученные результаты будут положены в основу рецептурнокомпонентного решения композиционной смеси для плавленых сыров. The antioxidant activity (AOA) of the ingredients of the composite mixture for melteded cheeses was studied in order to increase their oxidative stability and give the product functional properties. Vegetable raw materials pumpkin seeds, thistle spotty meal, root of calamus swamp, spirulina, buckwheat did was the object of study. Water and methyl alcohol are used as extractants. At the extraction of water AOA ingredients of the composite mixture of 16,327,2 lower than at the extraction of alcohol. Thistle spotty meal and root of calamus have the largest AOA regardless of the extractant. Heat treatment of raw materials at a temperature of 8590C reduces its antioxidant activity by 6,923,7. The greatest decrease in methanol extraction is observed in heattreated pumpkin seeds 75,3 of the native sample. The smallest decrease of AOA established in root of calamus swamp 93,7 of the native sample by extraction with methanol and 93,1 of the water. The obtained results will be used as a recipecomponent basis for the solution of the composite mixture for melteded cheeses.

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