Biological capacity and chemical composition of secondary metabolites from representatives Japanese Lichens

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

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Influence of stress conditions on the quality of obtained sprouts – modification of their chemical composition

Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods ◽

10.15586/qas.v13i2.836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Magdalena Zielińska-Dawidziak

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Light Illumination ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Chemical Factors

Sprouts are generally accepted as a pro-healthy food. They are consumed as a source of valuable macronutrients, antioxidants, microelements, and vitamins. Changing growth conditions of sprouts enables modification of their nutritional quality, as well as their safety. Thus, in order to achieve the most desirable composition of the produced sprouts, the conditions for their production are optimized. The aim of this review is to present methods currently used to modify the nutritional quality of plant sprouts. Most scientific works focus on stress conditions inducing the synthesis of secondary metabolites, mainly antioxidants. An increase in their content is achieved after application of physical (e.g., light illumination, temperature) or chemical factors (e.g., salinity stress, phytohormones, metal ions, etc). Though the application of these modifications on a larger scale is problematic. These problems include difficulties in predicting the effect of the stressor and an increased price of the obtained sprouts. However, since it is possible to enrich sprouts with valuable health-promoting substances, these methods are still considered very promising.

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Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants: An Update and Perspectives

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14111145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 1145

Author(s):

Chabaco Armijos ◽

Jorge Ramírez ◽

Melissa Salinas ◽

Giovanni Vidari ◽

Alírica I. Suárez

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Pharmacological Studies

The use of plants as therapeutic agents is part of the traditional medicine that is practiced by many indigenous communities in Ecuador. The aim of this study was to update a review published in 2016 by including the studies that were carried out in the period 2016–July 2021 on about 120 Ecuadorian medicinal plants. Relevant data on raw extracts and isolated secondary metabolites were retrieved from different databases, resulting in 104 references. They included phytochemical and pharmacological studies on several non-volatile compounds, as well as the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs). The tested biological activities are also reported. The potential of Ecuadorian plants as sources of products for practical applications in different fields, as well the perspectives of future investigations, are discussed in the last part of the review.

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Chemical Composition, Production of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Coffee Cultivars Susceptible and Partially Resistant to Bacterial Halo Blight

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1915

Author(s):

Joyce Alves Goulart da Silva ◽

Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende ◽

Ingridy Simone Ribeiro ◽

Adriene Ribeiro Lima ◽

Luiz Roberto Marques Albuquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Defense Strategies ◽

Halo Blight ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Coffee production is one of the main agricultural activities in Brazil, and several coffee cultivars with disease resistance have already been developed. The secondary metabolites produced by plants are closely associated with defense strategies, and the resistance of coffee cultivars to bacterial halo blight (BHB) can be related to these compounds. Therefore, this study aims to compare a partially resistant coffee cultivar (Iapar-59) and a susceptible cultivar (Mundo Novo 376/4) to BHB (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) in relation to the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts. In addition, this study determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and phenolic profiles of the Iapar-59 leaf extracts of plants inoculated with P. syringae pv. garcae. The Iapar-59 extract showed a higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids than the Mundo Novo 376/4 extract. Both cultivars contained gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids; however, the highest contents were quantified in the Iapar-59 cultivar. The leaf extracts from the Iapar-59 cultivar exhibited higher antioxidant activity. Higher concentrations of gallic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids and the presence of vanillin were detected in the extract of cultivar Iapar-59 inoculated with P. syringae pv. garcae.

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Preliminary Studies on Spent Tea Leaf: In vitro Gas Production as Affected by Chemical Composition and Secondary Metabolites

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3923/pjn.2006.497.500 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 497-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

O.J. Babayemi . ◽

R.A. Hamzat . ◽

M.A. Bamikole . ◽

N.F. Anurudu . ◽

O.O.Olomola .

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Tea Leaf

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Effect of age of regrowth, chemical composition and secondary metabolites on the digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala in the Cauto Valley, Cuba

Agroforestry Systems ◽

10.1007/s10457-018-0339-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 1247-1253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. M. Verdecia ◽

R. S. Herrera ◽

J. L. Ramírez ◽

I. Leonard ◽

R. Bodas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Effect Of Age

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Cell Cycle Arrest in Different Cancer Cell Lines (Liver, Breast, and Colon) Induces Apoptosis under the Influence of the Chemical Content of Aeluropus lagopoides Leaf Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24030507 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 507

Author(s):

Kamel Saleh ◽

Tahani Albinhassan ◽

Serage Elbehairi ◽

Mohammed Alshehry ◽

Mohammad Alfaifi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Flow Cytometer ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Aeluropus Lagopoides

Natural products, especially secondary metabolites produced by plants under stressed conditions, are shown to have different pharmacological impacts from one to another. Aeluropus lagopoides is one of the common halophyte plants that survive under stressed conditions, and has been used for healing wounds and as a painkiller. The bioactivity and the chemical composition of this plant have been poorly investigated. Consequently, the chemical components of A. lagopoides leaves were extracted using hexane (nonpolar), ethyl acetate (semi-polar), and n-butanol (polar) to extract the most extensive variety of metabolites. The cytotoxicity and anticancer impact of extracted secondary metabolites were evaluated against breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT-116), and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines using a SulphoRhodamine-B (SRB) test. Their mechanisms of action were verified by observing the appearance of apoptotic bodies using the fluorescent microscope, while their antiproliferative impacts were evaluated using a flow cytometer. Results revealed that secondary metabolites extracted using hexane and ethyl acetate had the highest cytotoxicity and thus the greatest anticancer activity effect on HepG2 with IC50 (24.29 ± 0.85 and 11.22 ± 0.679 µg/mL, respectively). On the other hand, flow cytometer results showed that secondary metabolites could inhibit the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. To ascertain the chemical composition–function relationship, the extracts were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Accordingly, A. lagopoides hexane and ethyl acetate extracts may contain agents with anticancer potential.

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Chemosystematics of Porella (Marchantiophyta, Porellaceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600303 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agnieszka Ludwiczuk ◽

S. Rob Gradstein ◽

Fumihiro Nagashima ◽

Yoshinori Asakawa

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

The Other ◽

Chemical Data ◽

Type I ◽

Separate Section ◽

The Family ◽

Chemosystematic Markers

The taxonomy of the liverwort genus Porella based on plant morphology has been regarded as difficult. Recent DNA-based studies have brought new insights into the systematics of these liverworts and have uncovered some novel relationships that allowed the resolution of controversial treatments based on morphology. One of the outstanding features of these plants, in addition to their form, is their chemical composition, which is characterized by great diversity of secondary metabolites. In this paper the sesqui- and diterpenoids occurring in Porella species are described and their chemosystematic relevance is explored. On the basis of chemical data, the Porella species have been divided into six chemotypes: the drimane- (I), sacculatane- (II), pinguisane-sacculatane- (III), guaiane-germacrane- (IV), pinguisane- (V) and africane- (VI) types. Species belonging to type I are characterized by their hot taste, whereas the other chemotypes are comprised of non-pungent species. Consideration of recent DNA data shows striking correlations between molecular groups and their terpenoid chemistry. The chemical data suggest that the P. vernicosa complex (chemotype I) deserves recognition as a separate section of Porella and that terpenoids are important chemosystematic markers in the family Porellaceae.

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Profiling Secondary Metabolites of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Endophytic Fungi Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae PAK-7 and Lasiodiplodia theobromae TN-R-3 and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i230496 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Chaithra ◽

S. Vanitha ◽

A. Ramanathan ◽

V. Jegadeeshwari ◽

V. Rajesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Statistical Design ◽

Mevalonic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Chemical Compositions

Aims: To determine the chemical composition of secondary metabolite of cocoa endophytic fungi L. pseudotheobromae PAK-7, L. theobromae TN-R-3 and their anti-oomycete activities. Statistical Design: Multivariate analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu from April 2018 to December 2019. Methodology: Lipophilic extracellular secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent and their chemical composition was detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and identified by NIST library and Pub Chem databases. Results: Metabolic profiling of cocoa endophytic fungi L. pseudotheobromae PAK-7 and L. theobromae TN-R-3 showed the presence of eleven peaks representing nine compounds. The most abundant compound observed were Acetic acid, 3-methyl-6-oxo-9oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-yl ester, 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-pentyl-, Melezitose, Ethyl à-d-glucopyranoside collectively representing 58.01% area. In comparison to L. pseudotheobromae PAK-7 GC-MS analysis of L. theobromae TN-R-3 exhibited the presence of 29 peaks. The most abundant compounds were dl-Mevalonic acid lactone, Methyl 6-O-[1-methylpropyl]-á-d-galactopyranoside, 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-pentyl-, Melezitose, Ethyl à-d-glucopyranoside, 1,6-Anhydro-á-d-talopyranose collectively representing 60.47% of the total area. Conclusion: Chemical compositions and anti-oomycete activities of crude secondary metabolites of L. pseudotheobromae PAK-7, L. theobromae TN-R-3 differed entirely depending on the property and abundance of bioactive metabolites.

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Berry primary and secondary metabolites in response to sunlight and temperature in the grapevine fruit zone

IVES Technical Reviews, vine and wine ◽

10.20870/ives-tr.2020.4498 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alain Deloire ◽

Suzy Rogiers ◽

Guillaume Antalick ◽

Anne Pellegrino

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Crop Management ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Management Factors ◽

Berry Composition

The chemical composition of berries at harvest, which will affect wine styles, is determined by complex physiological processes occurring from set through the fruit’s lifetime to maturity, and this is closely intertwined with environmental and crop management factors. Among those factors, climatic conditions within the fruit zone (i.e. microclimate), such as light and temperature, are well-known to aﬀect the physiology of the fruit at the skin, pulp and seed levels. This article will present the potential of leaf thinning in the bunch zone to modify cluster microclimate and berry composition.

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