scholarly journals Assessment of multi-metal resistant bacteria from Periyar river, Southern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
S. Prasanth ◽  
V. Mahesh

A total of thirty bacterial strains were isolated from the water and sediment samples of Periyar river during premonsoon 2015 for multi-metal resistant study. In this study, the bacterial isolates were challenged against three different concentrations (10, 100 and 200 mM) of copper and chromium metal salt solution by using of plate diffusion method. Most of the isolates from Periyar river were resistant to minimum concentration of the both metal solutions. Nearly, 93.3 % were resistant to copper solution whereas 90.0 % were resistant to chromium solution. In 200 mM of Cu, 46.7 % of the populations showed growth rates between 71-80%, whereas 3.3 % of the populations were observed with a 51-60 % growth rate. At 200 mM Cr, 6.7 % of the populations showed 51-60 % growth rate. A growth rate between 61-70 % was observed for 13.3 % of the bacterial populations at 200 mM of Cr, whereas no population was growing at a growth rate of 050 % with 200 mM of Cr. The results indicated that the river received various pollution sources throughout the river-line. The sensitivity nature of the bacterial isolates against metal solutions were varied depend on the concentrations of the metal solutions. Hence, the river needed throughout impoundment for maintaining sanitation.

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
I.T. Nur ◽  
M. Talukder ◽  
T.R. Das ◽  
M. Asaduzzaman ◽  
F. Feroz ◽  
...  

In Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh and one of the most densely populated cities of the world, different categories of street foods are widely consumed by all classes of people, especially for iftar during the holy month of Ramadan. The objective of this research was to assess the microbiological quality of street iftar food items collected from a street in Chalk Bazar locality of Dhaka along with the antibiogram profile of the bacterial isolates. A total of 74 samples belong to ten different categories of street food items and 8 different types of street vended juices were collected aseptically. The bacteria were isolated by using different culture media. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was determined by the disc diffusion method. In case of street food total viable bacteria (on average of 6 log10 CFU/g). On the other hand, an extended number of total viable bacteria were encountered in all juices samples which also on an average of 6 log10 CFU/mL. Fungi, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were found in the majority of the samples irrespective of the categories. Few samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Most of the cultivated bacterial strains exhibited resistance against commonly used antibiotics, while several isolates were noted to be multi-drug resistant. The present study revealed a huge array of microbial load which indicates a high risk to public health. Presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria heightened the risk by many folds and urges the need for frequent surveillance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Tran Vu Phuong ◽  
Dang Thi Ngoc Thanh ◽  
Cao Ngoc Diep

Antibiotic has frequently been used in the shrimp-farming process in Vietnam. This leads to the status that antibiotic-resistant bacteria and products do not receive in the market. Bacteria had the resistant ability to pathogenic bacteria in water, and they have an important role in sustainable aquaculture. This study aimed to isolate and select good bacterial strains against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, pathogenic bacteria, on shrimp from 8 samples of shrimp pond water at 3 villages Ngu Lac, Phuoc An and Long Toan of Duyen Hai district, Tra Vinh province on NB agar medium. As a result, fifty-nine bacterial isolates were isolated and 10/59 isolates (16.95%) were identified as resistant to Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the well diffusion method. In 10 isolates, there were 7 isolates had good resistance to select for PCR technique and sequencing. The result indicated that these seven strains, including DH1m, DH2f, DH4d, DH8i, DH8m, DH8n, belonged to Bacilli and DH1n strain belonged to Streptomyces sp.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Omor Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Raihan Ahmed ◽  
Md Raihan Dipu ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpi Basak ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Monali Rajurkar

Background and Objective. Antimicrobial resistance is now a major challenge to clinicians for treating patients. Hence, this short term study was undertaken to detect the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods. The clinical samples were cultured and bacterial strains were identified in the department of microbiology. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of different bacterial isolates was studied to detect MDR, XDR, and PDR bacteria.Results. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 1060 bacterial strains was studied. 393 (37.1%) bacterial strains were MDR, 146 (13.8%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was isolated. All (100%) Gram negative bacterial strains were sensitive to colistin whereas all (100%) Gram positive bacterial strains were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion. Close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479
Author(s):  
A.A. Ajayi ◽  
G.O. Onipede ◽  
B.C. Okafor ◽  
K.A. Adepoju ◽  
J.C. Nwabuenu

Background: The Sungbo Eredo Monument is an ancient public work with a system of defensive walls and ditches located in Eredo Local Council Development Area of Epe, Lagos State, southwest Nigeria. A huge section of the monument cuts through the Augustine University campus, forming two-sided vertical walls with a deep ridge in-between. The objective of this investigative study is to determine the microbial profile of soil samples from the monument in the University campus. Methodology: Soil samples were collected from the topsoil at a depth of 7.5cm from four randomly selected points along the edge of the monument. The samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory of the Department of Biological Sciences of Augustine University for analysis. Samples were cultured on Nutrient agar (NA) and incubated aerobically for 24-48 hours for bacteria isolation and on Sabouraud’s Dextrose agar (SDA) for 72 hours for fungi isolation. Bacterial colonies on NA were preliminarily identified to genus level by Gram reaction and conventional biochemical test scheme for Gram-positive (catalase, coagulase, starch hydrolysis) and Gram-negative isolates (oxidase, urease test, indole, methyl red, Voges Proskauer and sugar fermentation tests). Fungi colonies on SDA were identified using conventional macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics was done using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: A total of twenty-three bacterial isolates in four genera; Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Cellobiococcus and Micrococcus and nine fungal isolates in three genera; Saccharomyces, Aspergillus and Botrytis were identified from the cultures. The bacterial isolates were sensitive (>50% sensitivity) to only gentamicin and ofloxacin, with 65.2% and 78.3% sensitivity rates respectively, while they were largely resistant to all other antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, erythromycin, cefuroxime, cloxacillin, ceftazidime and augmentin, with resistance rates of 65.2%, 65.2%, 73.9%, 82.6%, 86.9%, 91.3% respectively. Conclusion: The results of this investigative study revealed the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (mainly Gram-positive) and fungi on the archaeological monument of Augustine University, adding to the existing data on microbial spectrum of archaeological monuments that could be useful for unraveling human cultural habits and microbe-related human diseases. However, further studies on molecular identification of these microbial spectrum will be required to ascertain their genetic relatedness and ancestral phylogeny, which will be useful for archaeologists in their study of the Sungbo-Eredo ancestral monument.   French title: Identification phénotypique des communautés bactériennes et fongiques du sol habitant un monument archéologique à l'Université Augustine, Ilara Epe, sud-ouest du Nigeria Contexte: Le monument Sungbo Eredo est un ancien ouvrage public doté d'un système de murs défensifs et de fossés situé dans la zone de développement du conseil local d'Eredo à Epe, dans l'État de Lagos, au sud-ouest du Nigéria. Une énorme section du monument traverse le campus de l'Université Augustine, formant des murs verticaux à deux côtés avec une crête profonde entre les deux. L'objectif de cette étude d'investigation est de déterminer le profil microbien d'échantillons de sol provenant du monument du campus universitaire. Méthodologie: Des échantillons de sol ont été prélevés dans la couche arable à une profondeur de 7,5 cm à partir de quatre points choisis au hasard le long du bord du monument. Les échantillons ont été transportés au laboratoire de microbiologie du Département des sciences biologiques de l'Université Augustine pour analyse. Les échantillons ont été cultivés sur gélose nutritive (NA) et incubés en aérobie pendant 24 à 48 heures pour l'isolement des bactéries et sur gélose au dextrose de Sabouraud's(SDA) pendant 72 heures pour l'isolement des champignons. Les colonies bactériennes sur NA ont été préalablement identifiées au niveau du genre par réaction de Gram et schéma de test biochimique conventionnel pour les isolats Gram-positif (catalase, coagulase, hydrolyse de l'amidon) et Gram-négatif (oxydase, test à l'uréase, indole, rouge de méthyle, Voges Proskauer et sucre essais de fermentation). Les colonies de champignons sur SDA ont été identifiées en utilisant des caractéristiques macroscopiques et microscopiques conventionnelles. Le test de sensibilité aux antibiotiques des isolats bactériens à des antibiotiques sélectionnés a été effectué en utilisant la méthode de diffusion sur disque de Kirby Bauer. Résultats: Un total de vingt-trois isolats bactériens dans quatre genres; Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Cellobiococcus et Micrococcus et neuf isolats fongiques de trois genres; Saccharomyces, Aspergillus et Botrytis ont été identifiés à partir des cultures. Les isolats bactériens étaient sensibles (sensibilité >50%) uniquement à la gentamicine et à l'ofloxacine, avec des taux de sensibilité de 65,2 % et 78,3 % respectivement, alors qu'ils étaient largement résistants à tous les autres antibiotiques comme la ceftriaxone, l'érythromycine, la céfuroxime, la cloxacilline, la ceftazidime et l'augmentine avec des taux de résistance de 65,2%, 65,2%, 73,9%, 82,6%, 86,9%, 91,3% respectivement. Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude d'investigation ont révélé la présence de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques (principalement à Gram positif) et de champignons sur le monument archéologique de l'Université Augustine, ajoutant aux données existantes sur le spectre microbien des monuments archéologiques qui pourraient être utiles pour démêler l'homme. les habitudes culturelles et les maladies humaines liées aux microbes. Cependant, d'autres études sur l'identification moléculaire de ces spectres microbiens seront nécessaires pour déterminer leur parenté génétique et leur phylogénie ancestrale, ce qui sera utile aux archéologues dans leur étude du monument ancestral Sungbo-Eredo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B Daramola ◽  
A. A Olajide ◽  
N Torimiro ◽  
R. C George

Wound infections have become life threatening as a result of treatment failures caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. The search for newer compounds potent against antibiotic resistant bacteria associated with wounds is crucial. Hence this study investigated the application of antibacterial photodynamic therapy using meso tetra-(4-phenyl) porphyrin (TPP), metallated with zinc, tin and silver (ZnTPP, SnTPP and AgTPP), meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) and the corresponding metallo meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (MTPPS) as photosensitizers. The in-vitro toxicity and photo-toxicity properties on four chronic wound colonizing multi-drug resistant bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., and Escherichia coli were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Photo-toxicity of the compounds was investigated using 100 Watt tungsten lamp. Inhibitory activity of porphyrins tested against these bacterial strains showed Staphylococcus aureus to have both lowest (11±0.0 mm) and highest (33±1.1 mm) susceptibility to SnTPPS and ZnTPPS respectively. The sequence of data also showed appreciable improvement in the antimicrobial activities of five metalloporphyrins (SnTPP, AgTPP, ZnTPPS, SnTPPS and AgTPPS) exposed to light rays than when tested against bacterial strains in dark condition. ZnTPPS exhibited the best activity with improved photo-toxic activities against all bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus 33±1.1 mm, Klebsiella sp. 32±0.7 mm, Proteus sp. 28±0.7 mm and Escherichia coli 30±1.4 mm) examined in this study.


F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abduljabbar Jaloob Aljanaby ◽  
Israa Abduljabbar Jaloob Aljanaby

Background: Burn infections are one of the most common serious illnesses caused by pathogens, mainly by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The aim of this study was to detect of the prevalence of multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) bacteria isolated from inpatients with burn infection and the antimicrobials sensitivity patterns of all bacterial isolates during three years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Al-Najaf Central Hospital in Al-Najaf City, Iraq from January 2015 to December 2017. A total of 295 burns swabs were collected from hospitalized patients with burn infection. All grown bacterial isolates were identified by standardized microbiological tests. Antimicrobials susceptibility testing was done using the disc diffusion method. Multi-drug, extensive-drug and pan-drug resistant bacteria and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria were determined according to standardized methods and guidelines. Results: Of the 295 burn swabs, 513 different bacteria strains were isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacteria with 142 isolates (27.6%) followed by methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus 106 isolates (20.6%), while Staphylococcus typhi was the least common bacteria with only 17 isolates (3.3%). 323 (63%) different bacterial strains were isolated from patients who stayed in hospital for 15 days. Most bacterial isolates were resistant to most antimicrobials with high percentages. Out of the 513 bacterial isolates; only 33 isolates (6.4%) were resistant to imipenem 10µg and 464 isolates (90.4%) were multi-drug resistant, 20 isolates (14%) were extensive-drug resistant and 17 isolates (3.3%) were pan-drug resistant. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common ESBL-producing bacteria (51 isolates-35.9%). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in burn infection in Al-Najaf hospital. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common multi-drug resistant bacteria, and the most common of ESBL bacteria causing burn infection over the three years.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riju Maharjan ◽  
Anup Bastola ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Komal Raj Rijal ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Bacterial opportunistic infections are quite common in HIV patients. Besides HIV-TB coinfection, lower respiratory tract infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality among HIV patients. This study was done to evaluate the bacterial coinfection of LRT and detect plasmid-mediated blaTEM and blaCTX−M genes among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates from sputum samples in HIV patients. Methods A total of 263 sputum samples from HIV-positive cases were processed with standard microbiological methods to isolate and identify the possible pathogens. The identified bacterial isolates were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility pattern by using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Plasmid DNA was extracted from multidrug-resistant and ESBL producers for screening of ESBL genes; blaCTX−M and blaTEM by conventional PCR method using specific primers. Results Of 263 sputum samples, 67 (25.48%) were culture positive showing Klebsiella pneumoniae; 17(25.37%) as the most predominant one. A higher rate of infection (4/8, 50%) was observed among old-aged people of 61 -70 years, whereas no infection was observed below 20 years. About 30.0% (15/50) of smokers, 32.86% (23/70) cases with previous pulmonary tuberculosis and 52.38% (11/21) with CD4 count <200 cells/µl were found to be susceptible to LRTIs. Among 53 bacterial isolates, 52.83% (n=28) were multidrug-resistant and 43.4% (n=23) were ESBL producers. All ESBL producers were sensitive to Colistin and Polymyxin B. Of 23 ESBL producers, 47.83% (11/23) and 8.6% (2/23) possessed only blaCTX−M and blaTEM genes respectively and 43.48% (10/23) possessed both ESBL genes. Conclusion The increasing rate of MDR bacterial infections mainly ESBL producers of LRTIs causes difficulty in the management of diseases leading to high morbidity and mortality of HIV patients.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Chub ◽  
Oleksandr Bilchenko ◽  
Olga Godlevska ◽  
Fedir Moshel ◽  
Oleg Chub

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is assоciated with significant majоr infectiоus complicatiоns, which оccur at rаtes 3 to 4 times the generаl population. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the major nosocomial infections, reaching 150 million episodes per year and accounting for $6 billion. Pyelonephritis is the leading cause of hospitalization among all UTIs. Recent years, steady increase in the rate of uropathogen resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics is associated with plasmid-mediated resistance genes (PMRG) existence. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of cephalosporins versus fluoroquinolones for pyelonephritis among non-dialysis CKD-patients. Method A cross-sectional study of 105 adult CKD patients with pyelonephritis, who were admitted in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine, was carried out. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for PMRG was performed by the polymerase chain reaction. Subjects were randomized to receive either 3d generation of cephalosporins (n=56), or fluroquinolones (n=49) intravenously. The treatment duration was 7-10 days. After IV treatment, patients were switched to oral levofloxacin 500 mg up to 3-5 days. Results Out of 105 patients, 31 (29.5%) were infected with PMRG-producing bacteria. Among 81 gram negative bacterial isolates, 39 (48.1%) were identified to carry different types of PMRG, among which 27 (69.2%) were found to be extended spectrum beta-lactamases producers (ESBLs), and 12 (30.8%) – were positive for PMQR. Clinical outcome was assessed at the day 5 (D5), end of treatment (EOT), test of cure visit (TOC). At the D5, clinical cure was observed in 41.9% (13/31) patients infected with resistance bacteria compared to 75.7% (56/74) patients infected with PMRG-negative bacterial strains (RR 0.4 95% CI [0,21; 0,75]). At the EOT, the favorable clinical response was seen in 51.6% (16/31) patients infected with PMRG-bacteria compared to 87.8% (65/74) patients infected with PMRG-negative bacterial strains (RR 0.91 95% CI [0.8;1.03]). At the TOC, composite cure was observed in 82.6% (19/23) and 96.3% (79/82) patients, respectively (RR 0.86 95% CI [0.71;1.04]). There was no significant difference between levofloxacin and ceftriaxone efficiency, except for the D5, when the clinical efficacy of levofloxacin was significantly higher. In the cephtriaxone group, clinical cure rates were significantly higher among patients, infected with PMRG-negative strains compare to patients infected with resistant bacteria at the D3 (p≤0.001), D5 (p≤0.001), EOT (p=0.013), TOC (p=0.016) visits. In the levofloxacine group, there wasn’t find any significant differences between patients infected with PMRG-producers or not. Rates of microbiologic eradication were significantly higher among patients infected with PMRG-negative strains at the day 5 (OR 0.05; 95% CI [0.01;0.25]), EOT (OR 0.05; [0.01;0.21]), TOC visits (OR 0.03 [0.01;0.13]). Conclusion Composite cure rates were significantly higher in patients infected with PMRG-negative bacterial strains. Further clinical studies are needed to establish the guideline for the management of patients with plasmid-mediated resistance and to expand the number of options available for empiric therapy of these multi-drug resistance infections.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Ilbeigi ◽  
Ashraf Kariminik ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Moshafi

Introduction: Given the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains, many researchers have been working to produce new and efficient and inexpensive antibacterial agents. It has been reported that some nanoparticles may be used as novel antimicrobial agents.Here, we evaluated antibacterial properties of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. Methods: NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave method. In order to control the quality and morphology of nanoparticles, XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electronmicroscope) were utilized. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were assessed against eight common bacterial strains using agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria to nine antibiotics was obtained by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The crystalline size and diameter (Dc) of NiO nanoparticles were obtained 40-60 nm. The nanoparticles were found to inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with higher activity against gram-positive organisms. Among bacterial strains, maximum sensitivity was observed in Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC and MBC of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The bacteria had high resistance to cefazolin, erythromycin, rifampicin,ampicillin, penicillin and streptomycin.Conclusion: NiO nanoparticles exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and can be a new treatment for human pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.


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