“Conduct of a Nature to Bring Discredit upon the Military Service”

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-55
Author(s):  
Andrew Byers
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Civilian Women ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter examines Fort Riley, Kansas, from 1898-1940. The chapter provides an overview of the military justice system and looks at specific legal cases to explore how the U.S. Army thought about issues related to sexuality: family life and marriage, sexual propriety, venereal disease, homosexuality, and sexual violence. Examining how the army treated what it considered criminal violations of a sexual nature in its court-martial process provides insight into what behaviors the army considered transgressive, how it publicly discussed such transgressions, and how it dealt with offenders. The chapter also reveals how entangled the army’s notions of marriage, the family, and sexual propriety were with social class and gender relations in how it policed contact between enlisted men and civilian women of various social classes.

They Ought to Be Remembered

2020 ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Earl J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
West Point ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
National Hero ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military

The failed attacks of May 19 and 22 produced many opportunities for participants to garner honors or deserve infamy, and those incidents either strengthened the rest of their lives or haunted them forever. A number of Federals failed the test of combat and shirked their duty, but the military justice system was weak and porous at best. While some of these acts of combat failure were officially reported, little was done by the system to punish the men. Officers were allowed to resign and the process of dealing with enlisted men was rarely called into use. It was easier to allow the individual to reflect and improve in his future conduct. Sgt. Joseph E. Griffith became a national hero because of his exploit at Railroad Redoubt. In fact, Griffith eventually won an appointment to West Point where he graduated and became an officer in the U. S. Army. Fourteen-year-old Orion P. Howe of the 55th Illinois became famous for telling William T. Sherman of the need for more cartridges as he returned from the failed attack of May 19 with a slight wound. Many members of the Forlorn Hope were awarded with Congressional Medals of Honor after the war.

Creating a “Home Away from Home”: Korean Women’s Performances of the Imaginary American Home at US Military Clubs in South Korea, 1955–64

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-236
Author(s):  
Yu Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States Army ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Us Military ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Occupied Zone

Abstract This article considers the proliferation of Korean native camp shows and the roles of Korean women entertainers at the military service clubs of the Eighth United States Army in Korea in the 1950s and the 1960s. The role of the “American sweethearts” in USO camp shows—to create a “home away from home” and boost the morale of the American troops during wartime—was carried out by female Korean entertainers in the occupied zone at a critical moment in US-ROK relations during the Cold War. The article argues that Korean entertainers at military clubs were meant to perform the entertainment of “home” and evoke nostalgia for American soldiers by imitating well-known American singers and songs. However, what they performed as America was not simply the reproduction of American entertainment but often a manifestation of their imagination; they were constructing their own version of the American home. Their hybrid styles of American performance were indicative of how the discourse of the American home itself was constructed around ambivalence, the very site where women entertainers were enabled to exceed the rigid boundaries of race and gender, transcend their roles as imitators, and exercise their agency by productively negotiating this ambivalence.

Making military and Veteran women (in)visible: The continuity of gendered experiences in military-to-civilian transition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Women Veterans ◽  
Military Women ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Military

LAY SUMMARY This study explores how gender and sex shape the military-to-civilian transition (MCT) for women. Thirty-three Canadian women Veterans were interviewed about their military service and post-military life. MCT research often emphasizes discontinuities between military and civilian life, but women’s accounts highlight continuities in gendered experiences. Military women are expected to fit the male norm and masculine ideal of the military member during service, but they are rarely recognized as Veterans after service. Women experience invisibility as military member and Veterans and simultaneously hypervisibility as (ex)military women who do not fit military or civilian gender norms. Gendered expectations of women as spouses and mothers exert an undue burden on them as serving members and as Veterans undergoing MCT. Women encounter care and support systems set up on the normative assumption of the military and Veteran man supported by a female spouse. The study findings point to a needed re-design of military and Veteran systems to remove sex and gender biases and better respond to the sex- and gender-specific MCT needs of women.

Mind the gap: Sex, gender, and intersectionality in military-to-civilian transitions

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210018
Author(s):  
Maya Eichler ◽  
Kimberley Smith-Evans ◽  
Leigh Spanner ◽  
Linna Tam-Seto
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Transition Outcomes ◽  
Military Service Members ◽  
Military Members ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Canadian Research ◽  
Insight Into

LAY SUMMARY The authors conducted a review of existing research on sex, gender, and intersectionality in relation to military-to-civilian transition (MCT). Extensive international studies and government resources, mostly from the United States, provide insight into the potential vulnerabilities and challenges encountered by historically under-represented military members and Veterans during MCT (i.e., by women, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other sexual or gender minority, Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour military service members and Veterans). The reviewed sources also highlight government initiatives and tailored programs that exist internationally to address diverse Veteran needs. Canadian research and government initiatives on the topic are limited, and this gap needs to be kept in mind. To support equitable transition outcomes for all Veterans, research as well as policies, programs, and supports need to pay attention to sex and gender as well as intersecting factors such as sexuality, race, Indigeneity, and more.

The Sexual Economy of War

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Byers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

The book argues that concerns about sexuality were fundamental to how the U.S. Army managed its deployments and military occupations throughout the early decades of the twentieth century. Far from being just a marginal release from the stresses of military service and combat, sexuality stood at the center of the military experience. The book uses the concept of a “sexual economy of war” to highlight the interconnectedness of everything from homosexuality, competing conceptions of masculinity, and the proper role of military families, to issues like rape and sexual violence, as well as attempts by the army to combat venereal disease via the regulation of prostitution. The book reveals that the contentious debates of the past two decades surrounding sexuality and the U.S. military are, in many ways, echoes of similar issues from the early twentieth century.

‘Armailt làidir de mhilìsidh’: Hanoverian Gaels and the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-198
Author(s):  
Matthew Dziennik
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Military History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Regional Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Networks ◽  
The Military

In 1745–6, thousands of troops were raised in the Highlands and Islands in support of the house of Hanover. Often neglected due to the intense focus on Highland Jacobitism, these Gaels were instrumental in the defeat of the Jacobites. The study of pro-Hanoverian forces in the Gàidhealtachd tells us much not only about the military history of the 1745 rebellion but also about the nature of the whig regime in Scotland. In contrast to the ideological frameworks increasingly used to make sense of the Jacobite period, this article argues that pragmatic negotiations between the central government and the whig clans helped mobilise and empower regional responses to the rebellion. Exploiting the government's need for Gaelic allies in late 1745, Highland leaders, officers, and enlisted men used military service to shore up a nexus of political, financial and security imperatives. By examining the recruitment and service of anti-Jacobite Gaels, this article shows that—even in the epicentre of the rebellion—the Hanoverian state possessed important structural strengths that enabled it to confront the threat of armed insurrection. In so doing, the article reveals the political and fiscal-military networks that sustained whig control in Scotland.

Sex, Military Brothels and Gender Violence during the Italian Campaign in the USSR, 1941–3

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Raffaello Pannacci
Keyword(s):  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
Collective Imagination ◽  
War Memoirs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Second World

During the Italian occupation in the USSR, the soldiers of Italian Armed Forces often had relationships with Soviet women, opposed by the authorities for motives of politics and security. Some of the officers openly practised concubinage, in contrast to the racism expressed on that campaign. The authorities in situ also decided to open brothels for the troops, filled with local women, in order to avoid both enemy espionage and the spread of venereal disease. As for the Germans in the USSR, the organization of brothels was difficult from the start due to the absence among the civilians of a ‘prostitution outlook’ and to the inexperience of the women, who at best offered to work out of hunger. Sexual crimes were also committed then, facilitated by the conflict’s climate and often disregarded by military justice, which had other priorities. Such aspects of the Italian occupation in the USSR have been superficially studied, in part because they are at odds with the collective imagination and a national awareness based on war memoirs and military publications, often reticent on the more inconvenient aspects of the Italian presence abroad during the Second World War.

scholarly journals THE FAMILY LISTS OF RESIDENTS OF THE VILLAGE STAROOSETINSKOE AND NOVOOSETINSKOE AS HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC SOURCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.-Б.Т. МАРЗОЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Central State ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
The Family ◽  
Christian Families ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
North Ossetia

В статье представлен документ, находящийся на хранении в фондах Центрального государственного исторического архива Грузии и относящийся ко времени поселения осетин на левом берегу реки Терек в районе крепости Моздок в начале XIX в. Основанные выходцами из Дигорского общества Северной Осетии два осетинских селения получили названия Староосетинское (Ерашти) и Новоосетинское (Масукау). В настоящее время это станицы Черноярская и Новосетинская Моздокского района РСО-Алания. Это один из самых ранних документов, касающийся заселения переселенцами-осетинами Моздокской равнины. Он представляет собой посемейные списки жителей указанных двух станиц, составленные в 1830 г. на основании сведений, собранных в 1818 г., и содержит ценнейший исторический и этнографический материал. Публикуемый документ впервые вводится в научный оборот. Целью настоящей работы является исследование числа семейств в обеих станицах, фамилиях и именах, составе семей, возрасте на момент переписи, социальном составе жителей этих селений, конфессиональной принадлежности, а также информация о военной службе переселенцев и их воинских званиях. Особый интерес для исследования представляют браки. Выявлены случаи межнациональных браков среди переселенцев-осетин, традиция многоженства. Богатые сведения этот список дает по ономастике. Отличительной особенностью приведенных в статье посемейных списков от аналогичных переписей населения в Осетии XIX – начала XХ вв. является то, что они содержат имена и фамилии женщин, их возраст, как в христианских семьях этих двух селений, так и в мусульманских. Материалы статьи существенно дополняют историю Северной Осетии в первой половине XIX века, а также способствует более глубокому и обновленному исследованию генеалогии переселенцев-осетин на Моздокскую равнину. This article presents a document stored in the funds of the Central State Historical Archive of Georgia and relating to the time of the Ossetian settlement on the left bank of the Terek River in the area of the Mozdok fortress at the beginning of the XIX century. Founded by immigrants from the Digor Society of North Ossetia, two Ossetian villages were named: Staroosetinskoe (Erashti) and Novoosetinskoe (Masukau). Currently, these are the villages: Chernoyarskaya and Novosetinskaya of Mozdok district of North Ossetia-Alania. This is one of the earliest documents concerning the settlement of the Mozdok Plain by the Ossetian settlers. It is a family-wide list of residents of these two villages, compiled in 1830 from information collected in 1818 and contains valuable historical and ethnographic material. This document of the Central State Historical Archive of Georgia was first put into scientific circulation. The aim of this work is to study the number of families in villages, surnames and names, family composition, age at the time of the census, the social composition of the inhabitants of these villages, religious affiliation, as well as information on the military service of the migrants and their military ranks. Of particular interest to the study are marriages. Cases of interethnic marriages among Ossetian immigrants, the tradition of polygamy have been identified. This list provides rich information on onomastics. A distinctive feature of the family lists given in the article from similar censuses in Ossetia of the 19th - early 20th centuries. is that they contain the names and surnames of women, their age, both in the Christian families of these two villages, and in Muslim. The materials of the article significantly supplement the history of North Ossetia in the first half of the 19th century, and also contribute to a deeper and more updated study of the genealogy of Ossetian settlers on the Mozdok Plain.

Goals and potential of study the rebel corps commanders of the Civil War

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Anton V. Posadskiy
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Psychological Kinship ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Military ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The necessity of further study of the people’s leaders during the Civil War is argued and the main tasks and directions of research work are proposed. The need to study the family circle of partisan and rebel leaders in the context of the demographic situation in Russia is assessed. Considerations are given on the importance of a comprehensive study of their biographies in order to understand the motives and possibilities of participation in the Civil War. Attention is drawn to the frequent situation of the leadership of brothers in the rebel movement. Estimates of the military abilities of the people’s leaders and their orientation are proposed. Perspective archives for the development of the topic are indicated. The importance of the rebel ego-documents is noted, of which there are relatively few, but research work with them is promising. The importance of ethnic and gender aspects of popular leadership is emphasized. The phenomenon of psychological kinship of people of the same environment, separated by military-political confrontation, is emphasized. Attention is paid to the party and political affiliation of the military leaders of the Civil War and their perception by their subordinates, population, descendants. The question is raised about how politically sophisticated were the military leaders of the civil strife. Thus, a scheme for studying the phenomenon of popular military and political leadership in the Civil War is proposed, based on available sources and a wide range of biographical data.

scholarly journals Children, Gender and Television: An Analysis of Heavy Viewers Behaviour Regarding Gender-specific Roles and Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
Beenish Zaheen ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf Khan
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Cartoon Animation ◽  
Insight Into

Media is an important force that endeavours to shape the impressionable minds of children. Cartoon animation programmes have a great influence on the behaviour of children as they prefer to watch cartoon programmes rather than doing any other physical activity. In this context, the current research seeks to explore the behaviour of heavy viewers regarding gender-specific roles and characteristics. The researcher has employed survey method to collect the data and 1528 respondents in the age group 8-13 years have been selected for this research. The findings of study suggest that heavy viewers of cartoon programmes have a more stereotypical approach regarding gender-specific roles and characteristics. They more significantly assign the roles of doing household chores, nurturing children, and the traits of being beautiful, submissive, and failing frequently to female members of the family as compared to male members. The study provides valuable insight into the impact of cartoon programmes on the characteristics and gender roles socialization of heavy viewers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document