scholarly journals Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Hasan ◽  
Hongyi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Nonspecific Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Gut microbiota have important functions in the body, and imbalances in the composition and diversity of those microbiota can cause several diseases. The host fosters favorable microbiota by releasing specific factors, such as microRNAs, and nonspecific factors, such as antimicrobial peptides, mucus and immunoglobulin A that encourage the growth of specific types of bacteria and inhibit the growth of others. Diet, antibiotics, and age can change gut microbiota, and many studies have shown the relationship between disorders of the microbiota and several diseases and reported some ways to modulate that balance. In this review, we highlight how the host shapes its gut microbiota via specific and nonspecific factors, how environmental and nutritional factors affect it, and how to modulate it using prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.

scholarly journals Roles of Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota in Chronic Constipation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyuan Xu ◽  
Tianhao Liu ◽  
Qingli Zhou ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jiali Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Good Therapeutic Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal dysfunction, but its aetiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Interestingly, the compositions of the gut microbiota in constipation patients and healthy controls are different. Various studies reported the different gut microbiota alterations in constipation patients, but most studies indicated that constipation patients showed the decreased beneficial bacteria and the reduced species richness of gut bacteria. Besides, the alterations in the gut microbiota may lead to constipation and constipation-related symptoms and the regulation of gut microbiota has a positive effect on gut functional diseases such as constipation. Microbial treatment methods, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, can be used to regulate gut microbiota. Increasing evidences have suggested that Chinese medicine (CM) has a good therapeutic effect on chronic constipation. Chinese medicine is well known for its multitarget and multimode effects on diseases as well as less side effects. In previous studies, after the treatment of constipation with CM, the gut microbiota was restored, indicating that the gut microbiota might be the target or important way for CM to exert its efficacy. In this review, we summarized the effects of microbial treatment and CM on the gut microbiota of constipation patients and discussed the relationship between CM and gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Mikrobiota Usus dan Osteoartritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Redi Bintang Pratama ◽  
◽  
Khairun Nisa Berawi ◽  
Nurul Islamy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Keywords Osteoarthritis ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most commonly experienced musculoskeletal diseases. Various studies were conducted to find the relationship between the gut microbiota and the incidence of osteoarthritis. The gut microbiota encourages the production of proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial metabolites which are considered to be part of the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoarthritis. Various risk factors that trigger osteoarthritis, such as age, gender, diet, and obesity have an influence on the gut microbiota. This suggests the possible involvement of the microbiota in the incidence of osteoarthritis. The increasing prevalence of osteoarthritis calls for an effective disease-modifying therapy strategy to relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the condition. The investigators hypothesized that modulation of the gut microbiota by external approaches might influence the progression of osteoarthritis. To date, some evidence suggests that gut microbiota intervention can be realized through probiotics, prebiotics, exercise, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Microbiota, Risk Factor

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Was Involved in the Process of Liver Injury During Intra-Abdominal Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Zhao ◽  
Zhengchang Guo ◽  
Zhengliang Yin ◽  
Yue Qiu ◽  
Bo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Abdominal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Veins ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Abdominal Compartment ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background: Intestinal damage caused by intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) can lead to the ectopic gut microbiota, which can contribute to liver injury via portal veins. Therefore, it is speculated that gut microbiota disorder caused by IAH/ACS may result in liver injury. The relationship between gut microbiota and IAH/ACS-related liver injury was investigated in this study.Methods: A model of IAH was established in rats, and 16S rRNA sequencing was analyzed for gut microbiota in the feces of rats. The elimination of gut microbiota was completed by antibiotics gavage, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to change the composition of gut microbiota in rats.Results: In addition to the traditional cause of liver blood vessel compression, liver injury caused by IAH was also associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut microbiota clearance can relieve liver injury caused by IAH, while FMT from IAH-intervened rats can aggravate IAH-related liver injury.Conclusion: The gut microbiota was one of the most important factors contributing to the IAH-related liver injury, and the JNK/p38 signaling pathway was activated in this process.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Modulates Renal Phenotype in the Humanized Mouse Model of IgA Nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Lauriero ◽  
Lilia Abbad ◽  
Mirco Vacca ◽  
Giuseppe Celano ◽  
Jonathan M. Chemouny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Humanized Mouse Model ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Renal Phenotype

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis. Several observations suggest that gut microbiota could be implicated in IgAN pathophysiology. Aiming at exploring whether microbiota modulation is able to influence disease outcome, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy controls (HC-sbjs), non-progressor (NP-pts) and progressor (P-pts) IgAN patients to antibiotic-treated humanized IgAN mice (α1KI-CD89Tg), by oral gavage. FMT was able to modulate renal phenotype and inflammation. On one hand, the microbiota from P-pts was able to induce an increase of serum BAFF and galactose deficient-IgA1 levels and a decrease of CD89 cell surface expression on blood CD11b+ cells which was associated with soluble CD89 and IgA1 mesangial deposits. On the other hand, the microbiota from HC-sbjs was able to induce a reduction of albuminuria immediately after gavage, an increased cell surface expression of CD89 on blood CD11b+ cells and a decreased expression of KC chemokine in kidney. Higher serum BAFF levels were found in mice subjected to FMT from IgAN patients. The main bacterial phyla composition and volatile organic compounds profile significantly differed in mouse gut microbiota. Microbiota modulation by FMT influences IgAN phenotype opening new avenues for therapeutic approaches in IgAN.

scholarly journals Gut-Lung Microbiota in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: Evolution, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chang Yi Shi ◽  
Chen Huan Yu ◽  
Wen Ying Yu ◽  
Hua Zhong Ying
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities

The microbiota colonized in the human body has a symbiotic relationship with human body and forms a different microecosystem, which affects human immunity, metabolism, endocrine, and other physiological processes. The imbalance of microbiota is usually linked to the aberrant immune responses and inflammation, which eventually promotes the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, often have alteration of the composition and function of intestinal and lung microbiota. Gut microbiota affects respiratory immunity and barrier function through the lung-gut microbiota, resulting in altered prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases. In turn, lung dysbiosis promotes aggravation of lung diseases and causes intestinal dysfunction through persistent activation of lymphoid cells in the body. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have disclosed the pivotal roles of lung-gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases. This review focuses on the association between the gut-lung dysbiosis and respiratory diseases pathogenesis. In addition, potential therapeutic modalities, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, are also evaluated for the prevention of chronic respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Potential Effect of Probiotics on the Modulating of Gut Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Wed Alluhaim ◽  
Manal M. Alkhulaifi ◽  
Godfred A. Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Microbiota is the summation of all microorganisms living in the body. The alteration in microbiota can lead to chronic diseases, however; colonization with different commensal bacteria can correct these deficits. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inadequate communication skills and social withdrawal and its etiology is uncertain. Typical gastrointestinal (GI) disorders symptoms are associated with ASD, in a prevalence range from 23% to 70%. The method of communication between the brain and the gut microbiota is likely the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Therefore, intervention studies have been published based on the use of prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). In this review, the possible correlation between gut microbiota and ASD is demonstrated. Additionally, how probiotics and microbial fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could modulate the gut microbiota and might represent a potential therapy for patients with ASD. Nearly all the GI functions postulated to be affected in ASD are improved by probiotics in animal studies. (FMT) ensures the transfer of several hundred bacterial strains, as opposed to probiotic therapy where only certain bacterial strains are supplemented. For ASD patients with dysbiosis, FMT is an interesting new therapeutic choice that could be considered.

scholarly journals Interplay between the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Mediators in the Development of Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Gwangbeom Heo ◽  
Yunna Lee ◽  
Eunok Im
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Inflammatory mediators modulate inflammatory pathways during the development of colorectal cancer. Inflammatory mediators secreted by both immune and tumor cells can influence carcinogenesis, progression, and tumor metastasis. The gut microbiota, which colonize the entire intestinal tract, especially the colon, are closely linked to colorectal cancer through an association with inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukins, and interferons. This association may be a potential therapeutic target, since therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota have been actively investigated in both the laboratory and in clinics and include fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Umair Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Aysha Sameen ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Dynamic Population

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms and about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest that the GM can influence the health of the host, and several factors can modify the GM composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, and geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis can affect brain immune homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests that it can enhance the secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloids that may disturb intestinal permeability and the blood–brain barrier. In addition, it can promote the hallmarks of AD, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, and ultimately the causation of neural death. Poor dietary habits and aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, GM modulation through diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation could represent potential therapeutics in AD. In this review, we discuss the role of GM dysbiosis in AD and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate GM in AD.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota restoration through fecal microbiota transplantation: a new atopic dermatitis therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hwa Kim ◽  
Kiyoung Kim ◽  
Wonyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Calprotectin Level ◽  
Donor State

AbstractThe pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves complex factors, including gut microbiota and immune modulation, which remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to restore gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to ameliorate AD in mice. FMT was performed using stool from donor mice. The gut microbiota was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 with the DADA2 plugin. Gut metabolite levels were determined by measuring fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents. AD-induced allergic responses were evaluated by analyzing blood parameters (IgE levels and eosinophil percentage, eosinophil count, basophil percentage, and monocyte percentage), the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, dermatitis score, and the number of mast cells in the ileum and skin tissues. Calprotectin level was measured to assess gut inflammation after FMT. FMT resulted in the restoration of gut microbiota to the donor state and increases in the levels of SCFAs as gut metabolites. In addition, FMT restored the Th1/Th2 balance, modulated Tregs through gut microbiota, and reduced IgE levels and the numbers of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. FMT is associated with restoration of gut microbiota and immunologic balance (Th1/Th2) along with suppression of AD-induced allergic responses and is thus a potential new therapy for AD.

scholarly journals Insights into the Impact of Microbiota in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Prognosis and Diagnosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation).

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