Effect of Elemental Sulfur on Phosphorus Availability and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown on a High Terrace Soil in Northern Sudan

The effect of elemental sulfur on some chemical soil properties and wheat grown was studied by two performing experiments, under high terrace soils of northern region of the Sudan. First experiment (incubation experiment) was executed to quantify the rates and application time of elemental sulfur to be applied in the field experiment. It consisted of five rates of elemental sulfur (0, 165, 330, 495 and 660 kg sulfur feddan-1) and five application times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks). In the second experiment (field experiment), two wheat varieties (Wadi Elneel and Debeira), three sulfur rates (0 kg S feddan-1, 495 kg S feddan-1 and 660 kg S feddan-1) and three application times (0, 5 and 7 weeks) were arranged in split plot design with four replications. Wheat varieties were assigned to the main plots and the combination of the rates and time application to the sub plots. Results obtained from the incubation experiment indicated differences in soil pH among treatments. Application of elemental sulfur decreased soil pH in each of the two experiments. The effect of elemental sulfur on wheat grain yield and the other studied yield components was not limited the plant height and the 1000 seeds weight. The nitrogen content of the plant tissue was affected by the applied elemental sulfur. Application of 495 kg sulfur feddan-1, 6 weeks before sowing gave the lowest soil pH (7.8) and the least available phosphorus compared to other treatments.

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Effect of Applying Potassumage and Banana Ash Combination as Bio-Fertilizers on Productivity of the Egyptian Wheat

Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing - المجلة العربية للعلوم و نشر الأبحاث ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.e27216 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abou El Enin, MM - Abo-Remaila S.I - Maklad, K.M

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Pot Experiments ◽

Randomized Design ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Biological Yield ◽

And Control ◽

Plot Design

Two pot experiments and field experiment were carried out at Agric. Res. Station, Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Nasr City and El-Aleg region, Kaliobia governorate, Egypt, during 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to investigate the influence of K fertilizer packages as bio fertilizer on the productivity of wheat varieties. The three studied K fertilizer packages treatments were Potassiumag (bio fertilizer), Banana ash 4%, Potassumage +Banana ach 4% and control (without K fertilizer), as well as three wheat varieties (Sakha-93. Masry-1 and Banisweif). Complete randomized design was applied for the pot experiments, whereas, split plot design was conducted for the experimental field. Results showed significant differences between the three tested wheat varieties such as number of spikes/plant, number of grains/ spike, 1000 grains weight, yields of grains, straw and biological/yield per plant or per Fadden, as well as harvest index, Sakha 93 variety significantly surpassed Masr-1 and Baniswif-6 varieties in straw yield characters, while Masr-1 variety exceeded sakha-93 and Baniswif- 6 in grain yield characters. Moreover, Baniswif-6 gave grains quality characters higher than Sakha-93 and Masr-1 varieties in cache season under pot and field experiments. As for K fertilizer treatments, results showed that, significant differences were observed between the four studied potassium fertilizers packages for all studied characters under pot and field experiment in both seasons, whereas K4 treatments gave the highest values of growth, yield and yield components as well as technological characters. Also K3 treatment ranked the second and produced the highest values of the previous traits in both seasons. It worthy to mentioned that the differences between K3 and K4 treatments did not reach to the significant level. The interaction effect between the tested varieties and the studied K fertilizer packages was significant in most characters under study. Finally, applying 50% of recommended mineral K fertilizers with bio fertilizers (potassiumag + banana ash) are suitable fertilization treatment for maximizing the productivity of wheat varieties Sakha-93, Masr-1 and Baniswif-6 in pot or field experiments

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Preparation, Characterization of Granulated Sulfur Fertilizers and Their Effects on a Sandy Soils

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma15020612 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 612

Author(s):

Aneta Lisowska ◽

Barbara Filipek-Mazur ◽

Józef Sołtys ◽

Marcin Niemiec ◽

Olga Gorczyca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Incubation Experiment ◽

Sulfate Content ◽

Stabilized Soil ◽

Sulfur Fertilizers

There is a potential for using sulfur waste in agriculture. The main objective of this study was to design a granular fertilizer based on waste elemental sulfur. Humic acids and halloysite were used to improve the properties and their influence on soil properties. This is the first report on the use of proposed materials for fertilizer production. The following granular fertilizers were prepared (the percentage share of component weight is given in brackets): fertilizer A (waste sulfur (95%) + halloysite (5%)), fertilizer B (waste sulfur (81%) + halloysite (5%) + humic acids (14%)), fertilizer C (waste sulfur (50%) + halloysite (50%)) and fertilizer D (waste sulfur (46%) + halloysite (46%) + humic acids (8%)). Basic properties of the obtained granulates were determined. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of the prepared fertilizers on soil pH, electrolytic conductivity, and sulfate content was examined in a 90-day incubation experiment. Enrichment with humic acids and the higher amount of halloysite increased the fertilizer properties (especially the share of larger granules and bulk density). In addition, it stabilized soil pH and increased the sulfur content (extracted with 0.01 mol·L−1 CaCl2 and Mehlich 3) in the soil.

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Yield and economics of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-4741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Author(s):

S.U. Pawar ◽

H.S. Garud ◽

B.V. Asewar ◽

I.A.B. Mirza

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Black Gram ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Dry Land ◽

Net Returns ◽

Main Plot ◽

Equivalent Yield ◽

Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of AICRP for Dry Land Agriculture, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani during kharif season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study yield and economics of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations. Soil of experimental field was medium deep black with low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main plot treatments and four sub plot treatments. The main plot treatments were three land configurations as (L1) Broad bed furrow (BBF), (L2) Ridges and furrow and (L3) Flat bed method. Sub plot treatments were four intercropping systems i.e. (I1) pigeon pea + soybean (2:1), (I2) pigeon pea + greengram (2:1), (I3) pigeon pea + black gram (2:1) and (I4) pigeon pea + Cowpea (2:1). The highest pigeon pea equivalent yield and net returns of Rs. 67814 ha-1 were obtained with broad bed furrow (L1), which was closely followed by treatment L2 (ridges and furrow) with net returns of Rs. 64095 ha-1. Among intercropping systems the highest pigeon pea equivalent yield and net returns of Rs. 68908 ha-1were obtained in pigeonpea+greeengram (2:1) intercropping system and was followed by pigeonpea+blackgram and pigeonpea+soybean intercropping system.

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Yield Interactions of Wheat Genotypes to Dates of Seeding in Eastern Mid Hills of Nepal

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v1i0.15722 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

Rudra Bhattarai ◽

Bedanand Chaudhary ◽

Dhruba Bahadur Thapa ◽

Ramesh Raj Puri ◽

Ram Nath Chaudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Research Council ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Food Sources ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Agricultural Research Council ◽

Plot Design

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major cereal crops and staple food sources in Nepal. Wheat varieties being popular in mid hill regions are still in the early stages of adoption. Identification of appropriate date of seeding plays important role in enhancing the adoption rate ensuring the sustainable production. Therefore, three dates viz 15th November, 1st and 15th December for seeding and twenty eight wheat genotypes were evaluated in a split plot design with two replications for two consecutive seasons in 2011/12 and 2012/13 at an altitude of 2200 masl of eastern Nepal. The results showed genetic differences and interaction effect of genotypes with the dates of sowing on grain yield, panicle length and effective tillers per square meter. The wheat sown on 1st December showed the highest yield as compared to other sown dates. Similarly, WK1907, WK1911, WK1803, WK1915, WK1909, WK1714 and WK1803 produced highest yield among the tested genotypes with retaining maximum number of effective tillers and posed suitable maturity across all sowing date.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015 pp.33-36

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Characterization of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker resistance

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262120000490 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Deep Shikha ◽

Chandani Latwal ◽

Elangbam Premabati Devi ◽

Anupama Singh ◽

Pawan K. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Spot Blotch ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Elite Breeding Lines ◽

Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Genetic resources are of paramount importance for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Spot blotch (SB) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world, especially in the eastern parts of South Asia. For the management of this disease, the most effective measure is the development of resistant cultivars. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to confirm SB resistance in 200 germplasm accessions based on phenotypic observations and molecular characterization. These elite breeding lines obtained from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, are developed deploying multiple parentages. These lines were screened for SB resistance in the field under artificially created epiphytotic conditions during 2014–15 and 2015–16 along with two susceptible checks (CIANO T79 and Sonalika) and two resistant checks (Chirya 3 and Francolin). Eighty-two out of 200 germplasm accessions were found resistant to SB and resistance in these lines was confirmed with a specific SSR marker Xgwm148. Three accessions, VORONA/CNO79, KAUZ*3//DOVE/BUC and JUP/BJY//URES/3/HD2206/HORK//BUC/BUL were observed possessing better resistance than the well-known SB-resistant genotype Chirya3. These newly identified resistant lines could be used by wheat breeders for developing SB-resistant wheat varieties.

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EMS Derived Wheat Mutant BIG8-1 (Triticum aestivum L.)—A New Drought Tolerant Mutant Wheat Line

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5314

Author(s):

Marlon-Schylor L. le Roux ◽

Nicolas Francois V. Burger ◽

Maré Vlok ◽

Karl J. Kunert ◽

Christopher A. Cullis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Drought Response ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Response Characteristics ◽

Drought Tolerant

Drought response in wheat is considered a highly complex process, since it is a multigenic trait; nevertheless, breeding programs are continuously searching for new wheat varieties with characteristics for drought tolerance. In a previous study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a mutant known as RYNO3936 that could survive 14 days without water. In this study, we reveal another mutant known as BIG8-1 that can endure severe water deficit stress (21 days without water) with superior drought response characteristics. Phenotypically, the mutant plants had broader leaves, including a densely packed fibrous root architecture that was not visible in the WT parent plants. During mild (day 7) drought stress, the mutant could maintain its relative water content, chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and stomatal conductance, with no phenotypic symptoms such as wilting or senescence despite a decrease in soil moisture content. It was only during moderate (day 14) and severe (day 21) water deficit stress that a decline in those variables was evident. Furthermore, the mutant plants also displayed a unique preservation of metabolic activity, which was confirmed by assessing the accumulation of free amino acids and increase of antioxidative enzymes (peroxidases and glutathione S-transferase). Proteome reshuffling was also observed, allowing slow degradation of essential proteins such as RuBisCO during water deficit stress. The LC-MS/MS data revealed a high abundance of proteins involved in energy and photosynthesis under well-watered conditions, particularly Serpin-Z2A and Z2B, SGT1 and Calnexin-like protein. However, after 21 days of water stress, the mutants expressed ABC transporter permeases and xylanase inhibitor protein, which are involved in the transport of amino acids and protecting cells, respectively. This study characterizes a new mutant BIG8-1 with drought-tolerant characteristics suited for breeding programs.

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Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94771-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽

Ravikumar Hosamani ◽

Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽

S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽

Uday G. Reddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

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Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2021-0059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 641-652

Author(s):

Sławomir Franaszek ◽

Bolesław Salmanowicz

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Common Wheat ◽

High Performance ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Capillary Zone

Abstract The main purpose of this research was the identification and characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition in common wheat and the determination of the effect of these proteins on the rheological properties of dough. The use of capillary zone electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has made it possible to identify four alleles in the Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 loci and seven alleles in the Glu-B3 locus, encoding LMW-GSs in 70 varieties and breeding lines of wheat tested. To determine the technological quality of dough, analyses were performed at the microscale using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Wheat varieties containing the Glu-3 loci scheme (Glu-A3b, Glu-A3f at the Glu-A3 locus; Glu-B3a, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3h at the Glu-B3 locus; Glu-D3a, Glu-D3c at the Glu-D3 locus) determined the most beneficial quality parameters.

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Effects of crop type on soil microbial properties in the cropland of the Jianghan plain of China

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/283/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 421-426

Author(s):

Li Jun ◽

Liu Lixin ◽

Zhang Chunlei ◽

Chen Chang ◽

Lu Guangyuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Invertase Activity ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Jianghan Plain ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Microbial Properties ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are varied by growing different crops, ultimately reflecting the growth and reproduction of crops. In this study, two types of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ZS11 and ZY821) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ZM9023) were planted in the Jianghan plain of China. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected three months after sowing. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly increased from 25.57 mg/kg (ZM9023) to 33.20 mg/kg (ZS11) and 35.72 mg/kg (ZY821), respectively. Invertase activity of ZS821 (0.86 mg glucose/g) was significantly lower than in ZS11 (1.04 mg glucose/g). Acid phosphatase activity under planting rapes was significantly higher than that under wheat. Urease activities significantly increased from 40.88 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (NFP) to 49.04 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (FNP) and 51.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZM9023), 51.60 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZY821) and 52.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZS11), respectively. The ACE (abundance based coverage estimator) and Chao1 indexes of bacteria of ZS11 were lower than ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023. Fertilization increased soil bacterial ACE and Chao1 indexes. However, ACE and Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of soil fungi for ZS11 were significantly higher than in ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023 (except for the Shannon index).

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EFFECTS OF LIME ON EXTRACTABLE ALUMINUM AND OTHER SOIL PROPERTIES AND ON BARLEY AND ALFALFA GROWN IN POT TESTS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss72-054 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 427-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. J. MacLEAN ◽

R. L. HALSTEAD ◽

B. J. FINN

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Neutral Salt ◽

Incubation Experiment ◽

Pot Experiments ◽

P Content ◽

Mn Content

Liming of six acid soil samples in an incubation experiment with rates to raise the soil pH to 6.0 or above eliminated Al soluble in 0.01 M CaCl2, reduced soluble Mn and Zn, increased NO3-N markedly, and at the highest pH increased the amounts of NaHCO3-soluble P in some of the soils. In corresponding pot experiments, liming increased the yield of alfalfa and in three of the soils the yield of barley also. Liming reduced the concentrations of the metals in the plants and at the highest pH tended to increase the P content of the plants. Liming to a pH of about 5.3 eliminated or greatly reduced soluble Al and the soils were base saturated as measured by the replacement of Al, Ca, and Mg by a neutral salt. There was some evidence that liming to reduce soluble Al and possibly Mn was beneficial for plant growth. Gypsum increased the concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn in 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts of the soils whereas phosphate reduced them. The changes in the Mn content of the plants following these treatments were in agreement with the amounts of Mn in the CaCl2 extracts.

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