scholarly journals Antidermatophyte Activity of Ethanol Extract and Stability of Creams Formulated from Cassia alata Linn

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. O. Oyedeji ◽  
A. B. Fawehinmi ◽  
Hassan Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Centrifuge Testing ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
The Stability

There are scientific reports of medicinal plants having curative properties. These properties may be due to the presence of various phytochemicals in the plants. Cassia alata is a specie in the Fabaceae family. The purpose of this study is to determine the antidermatophyte activity of the extract, formulate a cream with the extract and determine the stability of the cream by measuring the pH, Free-thaw test, Centrifugation and sensitivity to light. We also subjected the formulated cream to temperature variation test at -10, 4, 30, 37 and 45o C.  The percentage yield was 8.5%. The extract contain alkaloid (4.24±0.24%), saponin(1.35±0.39%), tannin (0.45±0.29%) and flavonoid (2.42±0.32%) respectively. The antifungal test results showed the activity against  the dermatophytes to be in the increasing order M.furfur (12± 0.2 mm) < Microsporum audounii (12±0.4 mm) < Trichophyton mentagrophtes (14±0.2mm) < Epidermophyton floccosum     (16±0.2 mm).Temperature stability and Centrifuge testing indicated that the formulations were stable. Light testing indicated no change in the colour of the cream. Our study showed that the plant has high potential as an anti-dermatophyte when formulated as a cream for topical use. The stability of the cream formulations indicated that it can be used for the management of dermatophytosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Formulated Anti-dermatophyte Creams from Ethanol Extract of Mitracarpus villosus Leaves

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. B. Fawehinmi ◽  
F. O. Oyedeji
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Centrifuge Testing ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

Microsporium, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton are asexual fungi usually called dermatophytes. They are known to cause a kind of skin diseases called dermatophytosis. There have been reported cases of resistance by the dermatophytes with prolonged usage of synthetic antifungals on the skin. The aim of this study was to formulate herbal antifungal cream containing extract of Mitracarpus villosus as an anti-dermatophytic preparation and evaluate its physicochemical properties, stability and efficacy of the product. The formulated creams containing 0.5, 1 and 2% w/w of extract were subjected to stability tests using temperature variation method at -10, 4, 30, 37 and 45oC. Freeze-thaw test, Centrifuge test, pH and exposure to UV light test were also carried out using standard method. Efficacy of the cream formulations were determined using Wistar rats as experimental animals. The percentage yield of the extract was (2.1%). Percentage ethanol phytochemical composition indicated that for alkaloid it is 1.06±0.04%, saponins (0.96±0.07%), flavonoids (0.06±0.02%) and tannins (0.04±0.01%). The emulsion produced was an oil-in-water emulsion and had a white colour with pH of 7.02, spread of emulsion, rubbing-in effect and stability to centrifugation was very high. The antifungal results showed the activity against the dermatophytes to be in the increasing order Epidermophyton floccosum (9 mm) <Microsporum audounii (12 mm) <Trichophyton mentagrophtes (13 mm) <M. furfur (12 mm).Temperature stability and Centrifuge testing indicated that the formulations were stable. Light testing indicated no change in the colour of the products. Animal studies evaluation of the formulations of the cream indicated that their efficacy against the dermatophytes is concentration dependent and is in the increasing order M. audounii (34 µm) = E. floccosum (34 µm) <T. mentagrophyte (35 µm) <M. furfur (45 µm) which shows that 2% Mitracarpus villosus cream was statistically significant (P<0.05) against all the test microorganisms.

scholarly journals UJI FITOKIMIA DAN PENENTUAN Inhibition Concentration 50% PADA BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN OBAT DI PULAU TIDORE

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Wiwin Abdullah ◽  
Max Revolta J. Runtuwene ◽  
Vanda Selvana Kamu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif yang terkandung melalui pengujian fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tumbuhan obat di pulau Tidore. Uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan Inhibition Concentration 50% (IC50). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah biji buah mojoi terkandung senyawa alkaloid dan saponin, buah coro terkandung alkaloid, flavonoid, dan saponin, pada daun ofo terkandung  alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, steroid, dan saponin dan pada rimpang kuso mafola terkandung alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, steroid, dan saponin. Nilai IC50 sebagai berikut biji rimpang kuso mafola 37,30 ppm, buah coro 250,17 ppm, daun ofo 976,10 ppm  dan buah mojoi 1001, 07 ppm. Kata kunci :Tumbuhan  obat, DPPH, antioksidan dan uji fitokimia. PHYTOCHEMICALS TEST AND DETERMINATION Inhibition Concentration 50% ON SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE TIDORE ISLAND ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the active compounds contained in an assessment of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in the medicinal plants of Tidore island. The test antioxidant activity was used DPPH method. In the test results to the phytochemical , that mojoi fruit seeds contained alkaloids and saponins, fruit coro (alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins), ofo leaves (alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins) and ethanol extract of rhizome kusomafola (alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. In  calculation of IC50 values ​​for rhizome kusomafola 37.30 ppm, 250.17 ppm coro fruit, 976.10 ppm ofo leaf extract, and fruit seed extract mojoi 1001.07 ppm. Keywords: Medicinal plants, DPPH, antioxidant and phytochemical test.

Earth pressures exerted on an induced trench cast-in-place double-cell rectangular box culvert

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1267-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olajide Samuel Oshati ◽  
Arun J. Valsangkar ◽  
Allison B. Schriver
Keyword(s):  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Centrifuge Testing ◽  
Geotechnical Centrifuge ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Field Instrumentation ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Box Culvert ◽  
Base Contact

Earth pressure data from the field instrumentation of a cast-in-place reinforced rectangular box culvert are presented in this paper. The instrumented culvert is a 2.60 m by 3.60 m double-cell reinforced cast-in-place rectangular box buried under 25.10 m of fill constructed using the induced trench installation (ITI) method. The average earth pressure measured across the roof was 0.42 times the overburden pressure, and an average of 0.52 times the overburden pressure was measured at mid-height of the culvert on the sidewalls. Base contact pressure under the rectangular box culvert was also measured, providing field-based data demonstrating increased base pressure resulting from downward drag forces developed along the sidewalls of the box culvert. An average increase of 25% from the measured vertical earth pressures on the roof plus the culvert dead load (DL) pressure was calculated at the culvert base. A model culvert was also tested in a geotechnical centrifuge to obtain data on earth pressures at the top, sides, and base of the culvert. The data from the centrifuge testing were compared with the prototype structure, and the centrifuge test results agreed closely with the measured field prototype pressures, in spite of the fact that full similitude was not attempted in centrifuge testing.

Formulation and Stability Test of Lip Cream Preparation of Kenop Flower Ethanol Extract (Gomphrena globosa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mevi Irianti Tonapa ◽  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Elsye Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Homogeneous Composition ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Average Dispersion ◽  
Brown Color

Kenop Flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) is used in the manufacture of lip cream because contains betacyanin pigments that function as color pigments. This study aims to determine the physical quality and stability of the lip cream preparation of the ethanol extract of kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.). This research was conducted experimentally, including the manufacture of lip cream formulations with ethanol extract of kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) with a concentration of 10%. The results of the physical examination test for lip cream preparations for all preparations have a distinctive vanilla aroma with a semi-solid texture, F0 has ivory white color and F1-F3 has a brown color. The preparations had a homogeneous composition, average pH 6-7, had good greasing power, 5.0-5.8 average dispersion and 60.33-66.67 seconds average adhesion. The stability test carried out on day 28 found that all preparations were stable, had a distinctive vanilla aroma with a semi-solid texture, F0 had ivory white color and F1-F3 had a brown color. The preparation has a homogeneous composition; the average pH is 6-7. Where the lip cream formulas F1 and F3 decreased the pH value on the 28th day from 7 to 6 but tended to be stable and in the pH range that matched the lip pH. And there is no phase separation in all formulas.

Experimental Study of Typical Graded Asphalt Mixture about Dynamic Stability at High Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Zhen Fu Chen ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Qiu Wang Tao ◽  
Yuan Chu Gan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Change Trend ◽  
Comparison And Analysis ◽  
The Stability

The high temperature stability of AC-16, AC-13, AC-20 under specimen thickness of 5cm and 6cm is studied through indoor asphalt mixture high rutting test, Through comparison and analysis about experimental data, it is found that the stability of AC-16, AC-13, AC-20 asphalt mixture at high- temperature decreases in turn. It is shown that thickness changes did not affect the change trend of the high temperature stability under gradation change, and the stability of AC-16 at high-temperature is the best, the AC-13 is second and the AC-20 is less.

Highly Stable Ir-Ta-O Electrode for Ferroelectric Material Deposition

2000 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyan Zhang ◽  
Sheng Teng Hsu ◽  
Jer-shen Maa ◽  
Yoshi Ono ◽  
Ying Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bottom Electrode ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thin Gate Oxide

AbstractIr-Ta-O composite bottom electrode has extraordinary high temperature stability. It can maintain good conductivity and integrity even after 5min annealing at 1000 °C in oxygen ambient. The thermal stability of Ir-Ta-O on different substrates has been studied. It shows that Ir-Ta-O is also very stable on Si and SiO2 substrates. No hillock formation and peelings of the bottom electrode were observed after high temperature and long time annealing in O2 ambient. SEM, TEM, XRD, and AES have been used to characterize the Ir-Ta-O film and the interfaces between Ir-Ta-O bottom electrode and Si or SiO2 substrate. The composition and conductivity changes of the electrode during oxygen ambient annealing and the interdiffusion issue will be discussed. Furthermore, Ir-Ta-O/SiO2/Si capacitor with 30Å gate oxide was fabricated and the C-V and I-V characteristics were measured to confirm the stability of Ir-Ta-O on thin gate oxide.

scholarly journals Analytical and Experimental Investigation of the Stability of the Rotor-Bearing System of a New Small Turbocharger

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Born
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Squeeze Film Dampers ◽  
Rotor Bearing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Bearing System

This paper presents an overview of the development of a reliable bearing system for a new line of small turbochargers where the bearing system has to be compatible with a new compressor and turbine design. The first part demonstrates how the increased weight of the turbine, due to a 40 % increase in flow capacity, influences the dynamic stability of the rotor-bearing system. The second part shows how stability can be improved by optimizing important floating ring parameters and by applying different bearing designs, such as profiled bore bearings supported on squeeze film dampers. Test results and stability analyses are included as well as the criteria which led to the decision to choose a squeeze film backed symmetrical 3-lobe bearing for this new turbocharger design.

Durability of BFRP and Hybrid FRP Sheets under Freeze-Thaw Cycling

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 3297-3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wei Shi ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Zhi Shen Wu ◽  
Gang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Better Than

Coupon tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical characteristics of basalt FRP (BFRP) sheet, basalt-carbon hybrid FRP sheets and the corresponding epoxy rein under the effect of freeze-thaw cycling. FRP sheets and epoxy rein coupons were subjected to up to 200 and 250 freeze-thaw cycles respectively. Test parameters included the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the types of FRP composites. Test results show that (1) BFRP sheet perform better than CFRP or GFRP sheets under high freeze-thaw cycles; (2) exposed hybrid FRP sheets not only show very little loss in mechanical properties, but also contribute to the stability of test data; (3) mechanical properties of rein epoxy decrease significantly with increasing freeze-thaw cycles.

scholarly journals FORMULATION, STABILTY TEST AND ENZYME ACTIVITY TEST TYROSINASE OF CREAM PEPARATIONS FROM HERENDONG FRUIT EXTRACT(Melastoma affine D. Don)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-173
Author(s):  
Zuraida Sagala ◽  
Kurnia Telaumbanua
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
The Stability

One way to prevent or inhibit melanin formation is by inhibiting tyrosinase activity (Lloyd,2011). Tyrosinase enzyme is an enzyme that plays a role in the formation of skin pigments or known as melanogenesis. In the process of melanogenesis, the enzyme tyrosinase acts as a catalyst in two different reactions, namely the hydroxylation process of tyrosine to dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and oxidation of L-DOPA to quinone DOPA. Tyrosinase in skin tissue is activated by solar UV radiation so that it accelerates the process of melanin production (Fais et al.  2009).  This  study  was  conducted  to  determine  the  stability,  effectiveness  of  cream preparations from ethanol extracts of Harendong fruit (Melastoma affine D. Don) as tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors so it can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for whitening or skin lightening. Results Cream with variants of Harendong (Melastoma affine D. Don) ethanol extract was physically stable and formulated with organoleptic test, homogeneity, viscosity, mechanical test, pH, cycling test, and irritation test. Type M / A cream preparations from ethanol extract of Harendong fruit (Melastoma affine D. Don) have a strong / moderate tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor activity with IC50 values of F1 (1%) of 526,192 ppm, F2 (1.5%) ) amounted to 317,534 ppm and F3  (2%)  amounted  to  128,523  ppm.  Keywords: Foemulation,  stability test, activity test, tyrosinase enzyme, herenong fruit (Melastoma affine G.Don)

scholarly journals Analysis and Calculation of Stability Coefficients of Cross-Laminated Timber Axial Compression Member

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4267
Author(s):  
Qi Ye ◽  
Yingchun Gong ◽  
Haiqing Ren ◽  
Cheng Guan ◽  
Guofang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Stability Coefficient ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Stability Bearing Capacity ◽  
The Stability

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) elements are becoming increasingly popular in multi-storey timber-based structures, which have long been built in many different countries. Various challenges are connected with constructions of this type. One such challenge is that of stabilizing the structure against vertical loads. However, the calculations of the stability bearing capacity of the CLT members in axial compression in the structural design remains unsolved in China. This study aims to determine the stability bearing capacity of the CLT members in axial compression and to propose the calculation method of the stability coefficient. First, the stability coefficient calculation theories in different national standards were analyzed, and then the stability bearing capacity of CLT elements with four slenderness ratios was investigated. Finally, based on the stability coefficient calculation formulae in the GB 50005-2017 standard and the regression method, the calculation method of the stability coefficient for CLT elements was proposed, and the values of the material parameters were determined. The result shows that the average deviation between fitting curve and calculated results of European and American standard is 5.43% and 3.73%, respectively, and the average deviation between the fitting curve and the actual test results was 8.15%. The stability coefficients calculation formulae could be used to predict the stability coefficients of CLT specimens with different slenderness ratios well.

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