scholarly journals Histological Effect of Allium sativum (Garlic) on the Liver of White Rabbits

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Osuloye Oluwaseum Olayemi ◽  
Olojo Oluwatobi Omotola ◽  
Philip Abutu
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Access To Food

Allium sativum commonly referred to as garlic has been known over the years for its medicinal and culinary purposes. It has also been reported to have several toxic effects when used excessively. However, the purpose of this study was to determine the histological effects of Allium sativum (garlic) powder on the liver of white rabbits at different dosages. Twenty rabbits were randomly divided int.o five groups with free access to food and water for a period of four weeks. Four groups B, C, D, and E were fed with garlic supplemented basal diet containing different concentrations of garlic powder i.e. 100mg, 200mg, 500mg, and 1000mg respectively. These groups were called the treated group. Group A was fed with basal diet only and was considered as the control group. The results obtained showed some histological changes such as the presence of cellular necrosis, vacuolations, lipofuscin pigments, pyknosis and nuclear hypertrophy which were as a result of liver glycogen depletion and hepatic cell damage which may be due to relatively high dosage of garlic used in some of the groups.

Effect of hyperglycemia on brain pH levels in areas of focal incomplete cerebral ischemia in monkeys

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Richard Marsh ◽  
Robert E. Anderson ◽  
Thoralf M. Sundt
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Ph ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Incomplete Ischemia

✓ The adverse effect of a minimal cerebral blood flow (CBF) in models of global ischemia has been noted by many investigators. One factor believed important in this situation is the level of blood glucose, since a continued supply of this metabolite results in increased tissue lactate, decreased brain pH, and increased cell damage. The authors have extended these observations to a model of focal incomplete ischemia. Brain pH was measured in fasted squirrel monkeys in regions of focal incomplete ischemia after transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In both control and hyperglycemic animals, CBF was reduced to less than 30% of baseline. At 3 hours after MCA occlusion, brain pH in the control group was 6.66 ± 0.68 as compared to 6.27 ± 0.26 in the glucose-treated group. This difference was statistically significant by Student's unpaired t-test (p < 0.05). Thus, hyperglycemia results in decreased tissue pH in regions of focal incomplete cerebral ischemia in monkeys.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GARLIC ALLIUM SATIVUM AGAINST POULTRY PATHOGENS AND EFFECT OF GARLIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON DUCKLING GROWTH PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3B) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Anh Phuong Chu ◽  
Hai Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Garlic Powder

ABSTRACT-QMFS2019Poultry production provides source of protein and contributes an important income for Vietnamese farmers. Among the poultry in Vietnam, ducks account for 27.3% of head of poultry and even 55.7% in Mekong Delta region. Along with the development of rearing ducks, bacterial, viral and fungal diseases occurring in the two last decades induced bad effect for poultry producer. Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Streptococcal or Pasteurella act as major pathogenic bacteria in duck. The aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of garlic Allium sativum against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and to evaluate the effect of garlic on growth performance of duck from 1-28 old-days. The results indicated that fresh garlic and dried garlic powder showed inhibitory effect against pathogenic tested strains from 2% and 4% w/v, respectively. The inhibition zones and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of garlic extract ranged from 11.3-28.3 mm and 0.02-0.2 g/ml, respectively. After 28 days of diet with garlic supplemented, D3 (2% of fresh garlic in water) showed significantly different in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), average daily weight (ADW); whereas, D2 (2% of garlic powder in basal diet) only possessed a difference significant in feed consumption (FC) compared to the D1 (control without garlic supplementation). The obtained results demonstrated the potential of garlic application in poultry production.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Infection Induced Oxidative Imbalance in Neutrophils: Possible Protective Role of Nanoconjugated Vancomycin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty ◽  
Panchanan Pramanik ◽  
Somenath Roy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Cellular Components

Staphylococcus aureus infection causes oxidative stress in neutrophils. The immune cells use reactive oxygen species (ROS) for carrying out their normal functions while an excess amount of ROS can attack cellular components that lead to cell damage. The present study was aimed to test the protective role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against vancomycin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection induced oxidative stress in neutrophils. VSSA- and VRSA-infection were developed in Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5×106 CFU/mL bacterial solutions. Nanoconjugated vancomycin was treated to VSSA- and VRSA-infected mice at its effective dose for 10 days. Vancomycin was treated to VSSA and VRSA infected mice at similar dose, respectively, for 10 days. The result reveals that in vivo VSSA and VRSA infection significantly increases the level of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione level, and nitrite generation and decreases the level of reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzyme status, and glutathione-dependent enzymes as compared to control group; which were increased or decreased significantly near to normal in nanoconjugated vancomycin-treated group. These finding suggests the potential use and beneficial protective role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VSSA and VRSA infection induced oxidative imbalance in neutrophils.

scholarly journals Cellular Damage After Prolonged Low-Dose Exposure of Neonicotinoid in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahat Naseer ◽  
Affan Tariq ◽  
Munazza Raza Mirza ◽  
Muhammad Rashid ◽  
Syed Qasim Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Class

Abstract Background; Dinotefuran is a new class of neonicotinoids claimed to be harmless to mammals and humans. This claim was daunted by the documented effect of dinotefuran on honeybees and further studies were required. Aim: The study was designed to assess the capaciousness of damage caused by prolonged exposure of dinotefuran in mammals and probable strategy to neutralize its effect. Methodology: Ninety-day trial using Wistar rats (n=45) was conducted while dividing them into three groups: untreated control group, insecticide (dinotefuran) treated group, and dinotefuran treated and vitamin E supplemented group. Dinotefuran was administrated orally (LD25). Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplementation was given in water ad libitum. Blood sampling was done twice a month, and hematological and biochemical data were recorded. After expiry of trial period, the experimental rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. Organs (kidneys, liver, and heart) were isolated from each groups, weighed, and stored at approximately -20°C till further processing, analysis and histopathology were performed. Results: All the hematological parameters were affected significantly. Histopathology of tissues showed clear necrosis in all the tissues except kidneys. All the biomarkers of oxidative stress and comet assay demonstrated significant cell damage. All the parameters showed improvement after vitamin E supplementation but non-significantly. Significance: These findings were suggestive that even low dose persistent exposure can lead to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in mammals and other non-target species hence revised policy guidelines and more intelligent use of these chemicals is required.

Abstract TP85: The Kca3.1 Tram-34 Reduces Selective Neuronal Loss, Microglial Activation and Sensorimotor Deficits Following Brief Middle-cerebral Artery Occlusion (mcao) in the Rat

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Baron ◽  
Julius Emmrich ◽  
Sohail Ejaz ◽  
David J Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group

Introduction: We have previously shown that 15min distal MCAo in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) consistently induces isolated selective neuronal loss (SNL) and topographically congruent microglial activation (MA), together with slowly recovering sensori-motor deficit (SMD) (Ejaz et al, Stroke , 2015). Whether MA exacerbates SNL in the reperfused penumbra is unclear. We tested whether reducing MA by means of the KCa3.1 blocker TRAM-34 also impacts SNL and SMD in this model. Methods: 15min microclip distal MCAo was performed in 12 isoflurane-anesthetized adult male SHRs, randomized in two groups of n=6 rats, a control group and a treated group that received TRAM-34 40mg/kg i.p. bd for 1 week starting 12hrs post-MCAo, then od for 3 weeks. To quantify SMD, the sticky label test was administered 3 times a week for 28 days. NeuN and Iba4 immunoflorescence was then performed. Manual delineation of areas of SNL and MA was carried out by two independent assessors on randomly presented IF sections, and volumes of SNL and MA were determined. Both assessments were done blinded to subject’s group. Results: Although less so than in controls, SMD was significant in the TRAM-34 group (p<.001 and .01, respectively), with a significant Group x Time interaction (p=0.004, repeated-measures ANOVA) and a trend for faster recovery from day 7 in the latter. On IF, the volume (mm 3 ) of MA was lower in the TRAM-34 relative to control group (1.33 ± 1.7 vs 0.27 ± 0.46), which also applied to SNL (1.41 ± 1.79 vs 0.28 ± 0.41) (p = 0.018 and 0.015, respectively; two-sample t-test). Conclusion: In this pilot study, the expected marked reduction in MA induced by TRAM34 was associated with concomitant reductions in SNL and faster SMD recovery. Thus, the early administration of an MA blocker following treatment-induced reperfusion in the clinical setting might reduce cell damage in the salvaged penumbra and in turn enhance neurological recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding garlic powder on growth performance and meat quality of broiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
MS Ali ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
ZH Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

An experiment was conducted with 60 day old Cobb-500 broiler chicks for a period of 28 days with the aims of investigating the effects of different level of garlic powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers to produce safe broiler meat. The experimental broiler chicks were divided randomly into four different groups with three replications having 5 chicks in each. Maize-soybean based diet was used as basal diet for group 1. Basal diet was supplemented with 1%, 2% and 3% garlic powder on fresh basis for group 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The broiler of groups 2, 3, and 4 were showed significantly (p>0.05) higher body weight than control group at 4 weeks of age. Feed conversion ratio of group 2, 3, and 4 were significantly (p>0.05) lower than group 1. Group 2 was given significantly lower fat percentage than other groups. Group 3 and 4 showed more or less similar fat content but lower than control groups. Thus, it may be concluded that garlic powder may be used in chicken diet.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 79-83

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF TRADITIONAL SIDDHA FORMULATION ON CCL4 INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS IN RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Diwakar Manickam ◽  
Sri Kamatchi Priya Ramamoorthy ◽  
B. Santhosh Kumar ◽  
Samu Subramaniam ◽  
Shyama Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Access To Food

ABSTRACTObjective:The main objective of this study is to evaluate therapeutic activity of traditional siddha formulation on CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats.Methods:Plant materials collected, shade dried, mixed equal proportion. This mixture was used for extract or kasayam preparation. Twenty four male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each. The normal control group was allowed free access to food and water. Drug control group was allowed to daily intragastric administration of traditional siddha formulation 400mg per kg b.wt per day. Liver damage was performed in the remaining two groups with an i.p.injection of a 1.0 mL/kg b.wt CCl4 and olive oil (2:3 v/v) mixture, twice weekly for 8 weeks. All rats, with the exception of the injury model group, were intragastrically administered traditional siddha formulation (TSF) dosage 400 mg/ kg b.wt /day from 5th week to end of experiment of CCl4 intoxicated rats. The serum levels of hepatic markers and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the rat livers were measured. Histopathological changes in the liver were assessed for each group using H&E staining and Masson Trichrome examination.Results:Traditional siddha formulation significantly reverse the liver function in CCl4 intoxicated rats correlate with both biochemical and histopathological changesConclusion:Traditional siddha formulation a promising drug for treating liver fibrosis.Keywords: Traditional siddha formulation, Liver fibrosis, CCl4 and Vaithiyars

scholarly journals Reduced Muscle Glycogen Differentially Affects Exercise Performance and Muscle Fatigue

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay H. Williams ◽  
Timothy W. Batts ◽  
Simon Lees
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Access To Food

This investigation examined the effects of reduced muscle glycogen on exercise performance and muscle fatigue. Male rats were assigned to a low glycogen group (LG) that participated in a protocol of exercise and fasting, a high glycogen group (HG) that exercised but were allowed free access to food, or control group (CON) that did not exercise but were allowed free access to food. Following the protocol, muscle glycogen content of the LG animals was reduced by 45%. The LG animals also performed 79 and 81% less voluntary treadmill exercise than the HG and CON groups. At exhaustion, the LG group had lower blood glucose than HG and CON but exhibited no reduction in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function. During 30 min of in situ stimulation, the rates and magnitudes of muscle fatigue were not significantly different between groups, and fatigue-induced reductions in SR function were similar between groups. The results indicate that reduced muscle glycogen markedly impairs voluntary exercise performance but does not appreciably affect isolated muscle function. It is likely that exercise exhaustion due to reduced muscle glycogen is due, in large part, to hypoglycemia and central fatigue as opposed to peripheral mechanisms.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L) TERHADAP PERFORMANS PRODUKSI AYAM PEDAGING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Estepanus L.S. Tumbal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
White Flour ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aims to determine the effect of addition garlic powder (Allium sativum L) on broiler production performance. This study was conducted for 4 weeks using Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments, and each treatment was repeated 3 times, with the number of chickens per unit trial of 3 chicken. The treatments were various levels of garlic powder (commercial) dissolved in drinking water, P0 (without garlic powder), P1 (with 0.5% white flour or 5 gr / liter), P2 (with garlic powder 1.0% or 10 gr / liter), and P3 (with garlic powder 1.5% or 15 gr / liter). Treatment begins at the time of chicken age 1 week until age 4 weeks, with the interval time of 2 days. Variable observed included dietary intake, weight gain, and the conversion of ransum. The results showed that giving garlic powder did not give a significantly effect (P> 0,05) to production performance either to ransum consumption, body weight gain and ransum conversion. The numerical consumption of ransum, and ransum conversion decreased with increasing of garlic starch level, while the highest chicken body weight increased in P1 treated group and the lowest in P3 treated group.

Anti-Fatigue Effects of Polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino by Forced Swimming Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Qi ◽  
Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽  
Swimming Test

The current study was designed to investigate the anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharide ofGynostemma pentaphyllumMakino (GMP). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, low-dose GMP-treated group, middle-dose GMP-treated group and high-dose GMP-treated group. The animals of control group received an oral administration of physiological saline in a volume of 1.0 mL, and the animals of treated group received the same volume of GMP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 28 days. After 28 days, anti-fatigue effects of GMP were assessed by forced swimming test and some biochemical parameters related to fatigue including blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPH-Px), liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were measured using commercial kits. The results demonstrated that GMP prolonged the exhaustive swimming time, increased the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents, and decreased the BLA and BUN levels. It also improved the SOD and GPH-Px activities in blood of mice. These results indicated that FPR had anti-fatigue effects.

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