scholarly journals Factorial Design of Concrete Production in Hot and Warm Humid Zones in South East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
M. Odoanyanwu Ndubuisi ◽  
H. Ivoke Ifeanyichukwu ◽  
C. Odom Uzodimma
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Major Variable ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Major Factors

This study narrates the quality of concrete production as slump wet in warm and hot zones. The quality of concrete mixture is of inevitable concern to all stakeholders in the construction industry in the zones when the climatic conditions of the zones are considered. Absence of National standards, environmental and climatic conditions and other factors are the main factors that affect the quality of concrete produced in the area. The affected mix ratio is examined and all the prevailing construction/production practices are considered. All necessary measures for improving the quality of concrete produced are surveyed considering the relationships between various variables used in the mixture. Three major factors (variables) that are found to be influencing the quality of concrete in the south east, Nigeria. The absence or lack of implementing the existing building code, climatic conditions in the zones and types of construction materials available, all remain the major variable influencing the quality of present concrete production in the zones of south east, Nigeria.

Practice of Concrete Production in Gaindakot Municipality, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Anjay Kumar Mishra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Intensive Observation ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
And Training ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Concrete is one of the most used construction materials. Quality of concrete depends upon its ingredients and workmanship. The paper aims to assess the practice of concrete production and knowledge among practitioners regarding concreting at Gaidakot municipality which relies on manual concrete production. Only 30 under-construction houses in 10 wards of the Municipality were selected purposively for observation of concrete practice as field-based empirical research. A structured questionnaire was surveyed as scheduled with 30 practitioners (10 mixer operator, 10 ingredients pourer and 10 vibrator operator) and intensive observation by the researcher were recorded to analyze the practice for concrete production. It was found none of the respondents was aware of concreting code of NBC. They had not attended any training to practice NBC of Nepal. Similarly, the majority of practitioners learned about the method of concreting through experience or coworkers by observing at sites during work. However, 77% of them responded that the process of concreting was good. Similarly, there were a lot of problems in workmanship. Quality in ingredients was not taken in due consideration and dosage of ingredients varies from batch to batch and placement was done in segment wise for slab and beam. Compaction as well as curing was inadequate. Lack of formal education, inadequate guidance and training, proper skill and knowledge about NBC of Nepal among the workers involved directly in concrete production was making concrete production inconsistent and uncontrolled. The study will be significant for quality resident building construction by ensuring the effective implementation of building code, which is the minimum standard, the skill-oriented training and continuous supervision from the concerned local municipality.

scholarly journals A new area of ​​application and research in bio-processes: Biotechnologies in civil construction

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1072-1077
Author(s):  
A. Barberán ◽  
D. Chávez ◽  
A. Cajas ◽  
MC Egas ◽  
M. Criollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Engineering Discipline ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Cement And Concrete ◽  
Selection Of

Construction Biotechnology is a new scientific and engineering discipline that has been developing exponentially during the last decade. The main directions of this discipline are 1- the selection of adequate microorganisms, 2- development of micro-processed construction bioprocesses as well as 3- the development of new biotechnologies to produce construction biomaterials. Products resulting in construction biotechnologies are low-cost, sustainable, and environmentally friendly microbial biocements for the improvement of the construction terrain. The bioagents used in construction biotechnologies are pure or enrichment cultures of native microorganisms or microorganisms isolated and activated from the soil. Biotechnologically produced construction materials and microbial mediated construction technologies have many advantages compared to conventional construction materials and processes. The current technological landscape offers an objective vision and perspective of how microbes are used in the construction industry as additives for cement and concrete so that these new technologies be used in different provinces of Ecuador. In that sense, the current situation of cement and concrete production in Ecuador is briefly described to have an overview of the applicability of the new methods based on biogenic materials and the environmental advantages of the creation of construction biomaterials over conventional production.

scholarly journals Industrialization of housing construction as a tool for sustainable settlement and rural areas development

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 07010
Author(s):  
Olga Popova ◽  
Polina Antufieva ◽  
Vladimir Grebenshchikov ◽  
Mariya Balmashnova
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Housing Problem ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Low Levels

The development of the construction industry, conducting construction in accordance with standard projects, and transforming the construction materials industry in hard-to-reach and sparsely populated areas will make significant progress in solving the housing problem. Industrialization of housing construction is a catalyst for strong growth of the region’s economy and the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of industrialization of the territory’s construction complex and its development potential for increasing the volume of low-rise housing stock. Research tasks: 1) assessment of the need to develop housing construction, including low-rise housing, on a particular territory; 2) development of a methodology for calculating the level of industrialization of construction in the area under consideration to determine the possibility of developing low-rise housing construction in this area in the proposed way; 3) approbation of the method using the example of rural areas of the Arkhangelsk region. It was revealed that the districts of the Arkhangelsk region have medium and low levels of industrialization. The districts that are most in need of an increase in the rate of housing construction have been identified. Recommendations for the development of the construction industry in certain areas have been developed.

scholarly journals USING LEAN PRACTICES TO IMPROVE CURRENT CARBON LABELLING SCHEMES FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS— A GENERAL FRAMEWORK

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wu ◽  
Yingbin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Lean Practices ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Relative Measurements

The construction industry has considerable environmental impacts through the process of manufacturing building materials and building construction. Many environmental labelling programs have been introduced to the construction industry to measure the environmental impacts, including building up the environmental profiles for building materials. Although absolute measurements of the environmental impacts can be obtained by these labelling programs through detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies, relative measurements should not be overlooked to indicate the gap between the current and the “leanest” performance. The term “lean” is often used to describe a process with less wastes, materials, human effort, time, etc. The lean concept originates from the Toyota Production System and has been applied in the automobile industry for decades. This paper therefore aims to investigate the applicability of a relative measurement of the environmental impacts for building materials by introducing the concept of “lean score”. The research aim is narrowed down by choosing the carbon labelling program and the precast concrete products as research objectives. The results indicate that a “lean” benchmark can be built to offer relative measurements of carbon emissions for precast concrete products. The lean score obtained from the benchmarking process provides the improving potential that can help the construction industry move towards sustainability. The results are also useful for regulatory bodies to establish national standards to measure the environmental impacts for building materials.

OVERVIEW OF BITUMEN BINDERS USED IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (23) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Andrey Galkin ◽  
◽  
Yan Pyrig ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Temperature Susceptibility

Introduction. Pavement bitumen is one of general road construction materials that are used for pavement construction. The quality of bitumen binder regulates specific technical and operational characteristics of asphalt pavements and their durability Problem Statement. Nowadays in Ukraine only one refinery plant produces pavement bitumen. The volume of its production is not enough to completely satisfy the demands of Ukrainian road construction industry. Due this a lot of binders in Ukraine are imported from other countries. In recent years the highest volumes of bitumen was imported from Republic of Belarus and Poland. In 2020 the amount of road construction works was increased, particularly with pavement repairing and new pavement constructing. It resulted in increasing in need in pavement bitumen that led not only to the high volume of import bitumen but to an expansion of the list of importing counties. Purpose. The presented study is aimed on analysis of quality of bitumen imported in Ukraine from eight countries. For these binders their features are obtained and problem of their applicability and its advisability in Ukraine road industry is considered. Materials and methods. As a material of research bitumens produced in Azerbaijan, the Republic of Belarus, Greece, Spain, Italy, Poland, Turkey and Ukraine are chosen. The standard quality properties are obtained in accordance with the actual in Ukraine standards ДСТУ 4044 and ДСТУ EN 12591. Beside this the attention is paid to the finding of fundamental properties of these binders, such as adhesion, cohesion and viscosity. Results. With the experimental data it is found that all bitumens significantly differ in their structural type. It results in differences in softening point and breaking point temperatures at the equal penetration value (this difference is in the range from 4.5 °С for the closer values to 16.5 °С for the most distinct values). This fact can influence on asphalt pavement properties and durability. Besides such a difference in a temperature susceptibility of binders their adhesion and cohesion properties differ too. Bitumen that tends to sol type of structure is characterized with higher cohesion and viscosity values. This peculiarity must be taken into account in mixing and compaction operations for the asphalts with such bitumen. The temperatures of these operations must be higher than one for bitumen close to the gel type. The low temperature susceptibility and wide plasticity interval are the advantages of bitumen that tends to gel type of structure. Conclusions. All bitumens that are imported in Ukraine must be certificated with ДСТУ 4044:2019 national standard requirements. Also they must be tested with additional methods to validate the decision on their implementation in road construction industry and to specify the implementation area. Keywords: paving bitumen, bitumen binder, penetration, softening point temperature, adhesion, cohesion, viscosity

scholarly journals The use of self-cleaning materials and study their impact on the quality of the visual appearance of large industrial cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Mirabi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Will Self

One of the capabilities of the architecture is to respond to growing and, in some cases, varied needs of users. However, architecture and construction industry, in comparison with other sciences, have been very slow and inadequate to implement this technology despite very suitable ground for improvement. At the moment, one of the most essential discussions in this field is how to achieve qualitative understanding of construction materials. Accordingly, one of the key sections of a construction which plays a significant role in optimizing performance is shell of the building. In this article, in addition to the utilization technique of self-cleaning materials in construction industry which will result in embellishment of urban design, an attempt has also been made to present a suitable model on how to utilize these materials in order to improve the visual appearance quality of megalopolises. The technology of self-cleaning surfaces in order to increase durability and reduce costs and required time for equipment maintenance has currently become the focal point in construction industry. Now providing one answer to the question of whether will self-cleaning, purifying facades change the future of urban architecture? The main panorama of this research is to find and establish a dynamic and sustainable balance in embellishment of urban design. The necessity of research in this field as well as finding the best and most practical solution seem. To achieve all this, an analytical and descriptive research has been utilized, data has been collected by various books and national and international websites.

Behavior of Some Varieties in the Kernel Group to the Attack of the Main Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sînziana Venera Morărița
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Special Quality

Abstract Although relatively recent, peach culture has grown great in our country due to the special quality of the fruit, its very complex chemical composition and the large production that can be obtained without much effort. Peach is a species slightly adapted to our climatic conditions, suffers from winter frost, but can provide productive and long productions of 10-15 years.

Potato cultivation on soddy-podzolic soil of feeding crop rotation in the Komi Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Combined Use

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.

scholarly journals Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Agronomic Traits, Essential Oil and Components under Semi-Arid Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Gulen Ozyazici
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Biological Yield

Environmental contamination and the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers resulting in stagnant yields of field crops which necessitate the utilization of combined fertilization approach under changing climatic conditions. Current study was aimed to clarify the influence of several fertilizer sources (chemical, organic, organomineral fertilizers) on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The results revealed that the fertilizer sources significantly affected the yield of coriander cultivars. The absence of “Year x Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions for any of the noted parameters signaled that the detected “Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions were constant regardless of the year factor. The recorded values of traits according to fertilizer sources different for the plant height from 61.85 to 69.67 cm, number of branches from 5.98 to 7.71 (piece/plant), number of umbels per the main umbel from 5.62 to 7.18 pieces, seed yield from 1.06 to 1.66 t/ha, the biological yield from 4.29 to 5.70 t ha−1, harvest index from 25.29 to 29.41%, essential oil ratio from 0.29 to 0.33%, and essential oil yield from 3.1 to 5.6 L ha−1. Erbaa variety was observed to be superior over the rest of the varieties producing the maximum values of 6.5 L ha−1 of essential oil, 0.36% essential oil content, 30.9% harvest index, 1.81 t/ha seed yield, and 5.9 t ha−1 biological yield with the treatment of chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals A Fumonisin Prevention Tool for Targeting and Ranking Agroclimatic Conditions Favoring Exposure in French Maize-Growing Areas

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Agathe Roucou ◽  
Christophe Bergez ◽  
Benoît Méléard ◽  
Béatrice Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Model Approach

The levels of fumonisins (FUMO)—mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides—in maize for food and feed are subject to European Union regulations. Compliance with the regulations requires the targeting of, among others, the agroclimatic factors influencing fungal contamination and FUMO production. Arvalis-Institut du végétal has created a national, multiyear database for maize, based on field survey data collected since 2003. This database contains information about agricultural practices, climatic conditions and FUMO concentrations at harvest for 738 maize fields distributed throughout French maize-growing regions. A linear mixed model approach highlights the presence of borers and the use of a late variety, high temperatures in July and October, and a water deficit during the maize cycle as creating conditions favoring maize contamination with Fusarium verticillioides. It is thus possible to target a combination of risk factors, consisting of this climatic sequence associated with agricultural practices of interest. The effects of the various possible agroclimatic combinations can be compared, grouped and classified as promoting very low to high FUMO concentrations, possibly exceeding the regulatory threshold. These findings should facilitate the creation of a national, informative and easy-to-use prevention tool for producers and agricultural cooperatives to manage the sanitary quality of their harvest.

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