scholarly journals Tramadol Induced Ovarian and Uterine Changes in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Girish Rathod ◽  
Somanath Reddy Patil ◽  
Md. Liyakat Ahmed ◽  
K. Vijaykumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Reproductive Activities ◽  
Dose Levels

Tramadol at the dose levels of 1mg and 3mg/100g body weight was administered to normal cycling rats for 20 days through intraperitoneal routes. At autopsy on 21st day significant reduction in the ovarian, uterine and body weight was observed. Histological observations showed decrease in the number and size of Graafian follicles, corpora lutea and increase in the atretic follicles in the ovary. The uterus showed absences of endometrial glands, decrease in the height of myometrium, endometrium and its epithelial cells. The total protein and glycogen content of the ovary and uterus is decreased whereas the cholesterol content is increased. The hypothalamo-hypophyseal gonadal axis is prominent regulator of reproductive activities in animals through neuro-endocrine regulation. In this study action of tramadol on ovary and uterine parameters is discussed.

Parallel effects of Pulsatilla and exogenous leutocyclin on the rat ovary, uterus and thyroid

1978 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Prasad ◽  
K. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luminal Epithelium ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Rat Ovary

SummaryA comparative study of Pulsatilla (a homœopathic medicine) and leutocyclin was undertaken in female albino rats showing regular oestrus cycles. Pulsatilla in the 30th and 200th potencies was administered orally, and leutocyclin was injected in doses of 0·125 mg and 1·25 mg. 0·25 ml/dose of 90 per cent. alcohol was used as the vehicle. Pulsatilla 30 and 200 and leutocyclin at a dose of 1·25 mg markedly reduced the weight of the ovary. The higher dose of leutocyclin (1·25 mg) and both the attenuations of Pulsatilla increased the process of atresia in ovarian follicles. But a simultaneous decrease in the number and diameters of the corpora lutea was observed.Administration of Pulsatilla and leutocyclin resulted in reduction in the weight of the uterus and the height of the endometrium and luminal epithelium. There was also a reduction in the height of epithelial cells in the thyroid. Both Pulsatilla and leutocyclin enhanced mitotic division in the uterine stroma.The results indicate that leutocyclin in doses of between 0·125 mg and 1·25 mg may be used to produce similar changes in the ovary, uterus and thyroid of the rat as Pulsatilla 30 and 200.

scholarly journals The effect of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY3–36), a selective Y2 receptor agonist on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Heba A. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Mona M. I. Abdalla ◽  
Nagwa M. Zenhom ◽  
Rasha F. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Intake Water

AbstractObjective. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the PYY3–36, as a potential therapy for the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), induced by high fat diet (HFD) and an intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in albino rats.Methods. Forty adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into: 1) control group (C, in which the rats were fed with a standard diet and received vehicle; 2) diabetic group (D, in which T2DM was induced by feeding the rats with HFD for four weeks followed by a single i.p. injection of 35 mg/kg STZ, this group was also allowed to have HFD till the end of the study; and 3) D+PYY3–36 group (in which the diabetic rats were treated with 50 µg/kg i.p. PYY3–36 twice a day for one week). Food intake, water intake, body weight (b.w.), visceral fat weight (VFW), liver glycogen content, serum levels of glucose, insulin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured. Homeostatic-model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated. The gene expression of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and visceral nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were assessed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results. The PYY3–36 administration to the diabetic group of rats significantly increased the serum insulin levels and liver glycogen content, decreased the body weight, VFW, food intake, water intake, serum levels of the glucose, IL-6, and HOMA-IR. It also decreased the expression of both the hypothalamic NPY and the visceral fat NF-κB.Conclusion. With respect to the fact of improved insulin release and enhanced insulin sensitivity (an effect that may be mediated via suppressing accumulation of visceral fat and inflammatory markers), in the rats treated with PYY3–36, the PYY3–36 might be considered for the future as a promising therapeutic tool in T2DM.

Lactic dehydrogenase activities of heart and skeletal muscle of exercised rats

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Gollnick ◽  
George R. Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Heart Ventricles

Adult male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, with an approximate initial body weight of 340 g were exercised for 5 weeks on a training program consisting of swimming for one-half hour daily in water at 37 C. Pair-fed, nonexercised animals served as controls. All exercised animals gained less body weight than did their controls. The adrenals and heart ventricles of the exercised animals were enlarged, whereas the kidneys and gastrocnemii were smaller. Unit and total protein of the heart ventricles were greater for the exercised animals. Lactic dehydrogenase activities were determined in the heart ventricles and gastrocnemii. The activities were expressed in terms of unit, actual total, and relative total values. After exercise, the activities of the heart ventricles were increased, whereas those of the skeletal muscle were unchanged.

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Dactylorhiza Hatagirea Roots: An Evaluation of Possible Phytoconstituents

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Rashmi Choukarya ◽  
Ashish Choursia ◽  
Jagdish Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorder which causes microvascular and macrovascular complications. Several synthetic drugs used to treat diabetes have adverse effects on prolonged usage. This has given the impetus to the search for alternative medicines with no or less side effects. The plants of Orchidaceae family have displayed antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic activity. However, their antidiabetic properties are yet to be explored. This study sought to evaluate the antidiabetic potentials of hydroalcoholic extract of root of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. hatagirea) in diabetic rats. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature and quercetin was detected in hydroalcoholic extract of root of D. hatagirea under study by using RP-HPLC analysis. Percentage inhibition of α-amylase activity by D. hatagirea root extract was estimated with acarbose as the positive control, D. hatagirea extract show dose dependent activity. IC50 value of acarbose and extract was found to 35.33 and 224.45 µg/ml respectively. Diabetes was induced in wistar albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg; i.p.). The of hydroalcoholic extract of D. hatagirea at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight was administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes-induced rats for a period of 15 day. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of D. hatagirea root on blood glucose, total cholesterol (TR), triglycerides (TG), total protein and body weight were measured in the diabetic rats. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of D. hatagirea root elicited significant reduction in blood glucose (p<0.001), (p<0.01), lipid parameters (TC, TG, total protein) (p<0.01) and significantly increased body weight at the dose of 200 mg/kg when compared with the diabetic-induced control. For future studies, phytochemcials responsible for various activities can be isolated and modified for pharmacological purpose.This study, therefore, justifies the use of the plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Phytochemical profile, Quercetin, 

scholarly journals Biochemical and Toxicological Studies of Bridelia micrantha [Berth] and Mitracarpus villosus [Swartz] DC Extracts used as Biofumigant Against Stored Produce Insect Pests on Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
◽  
Thomas Inomisan Ofuya ◽  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Yallappa Rajashekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: In recent years, plant materials have been widely explored as sources of insect pest control agents with little or no study on their toxicity. The present study aimed to detect the biochemical alterations in liver and kidney associated with acute oral toxicity of the extracts of B. micrantha and M. villosus in albino rats. Methods: Twenty seven albino rats, weighing between 150-180g were used and divided into nine groups of three rats each, administered with different doses of each extracts (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000mg/kg). The plasma and homogenates of liver and kidney of the rats were investigated for the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALT), total protein, urea and creatinine, using standard laboratory kits. Results: The administration of either extract did not cause death or any hazardous symptoms of acute toxicity, nor resulted in any evident changes in the body weight. However, the extracts caused significant decreases in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and total protein, urea and creatinine in biochemical parameters. They also caused a significant decrease in the serum parameters of treated rats’ liver and kidney at all doses. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the oral administration of B. micrantha ethyl acetate extract and of M. villosus petroleum ether extract may be considered as moderately free of toxicity. This was based on our findings that two compounds were moderately safe with respects to their effects on the liver and kidney functions at concentrations of up to 2000 mg/kg body weight of the rats.

scholarly journals The influence of different amounts of zinc citrate on blood biochemical indices and productivity of rabbit organism

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Lesyk ◽  
M. M. Khomyn ◽  
I. V. Luchka ◽  
N. O. Bosanevich
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Experimental Group

Deficiency of micro- and macronutrients in the organism of young rabbits causes disorders of metabolism and decreased productivity. Inclusion of essential micronutrients made by nanotechnology to the rabbit diet can eliminate this problem. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to investigate the influence of different amounts of zinc citrate in combination with cobalt and chromium citrates on the biochemical processes in the organism and the productivity of rabbits from 62 to 86 days of age. Researches were performed on rabbits 40 days of age, weighing 1.2–1.4 kg. The animals of the experimental groups were fed with fodder ration of the control group and during the day were fed with cobalt citrate in the amount of 40 μg Co/kg of body weight, chromium citrate – 40 mcg Cr/kg of body weight and zinc citrate, calculated respectively in I, II and III of experimental groups 0.25; 0.50 and 0.75 mg Zn/kg of body weight. In the preparatory period – on the 10th day and in the experimental on the 12th, 24th and 36th days of drinking the supplements in 4 animals from the group blood samples were taken for biochemical researches. Body weight gain was also determined by weighing. It was found that in the blood of animals of the first experimental group on the 12th day of drinking mineral additives increased the cholesterol content on 28.8%, on 24th day – decrease by 39.1% and increase – creatinine by 11.6%, and on 36th day – increase in blood of total protein on 12.3%, increase of alkaline phosphatase activity by 23.0%, creatinine content by 15.5% and average daily growth by 9.4%. A similar additive containing zinc citrate of 0.50 mg Zn/kg of body weight in the blood of rabbits of the second experimental group increased the activity of ACAT by 12 and 24 days, respectively, by 37.3 and 22.1%, respectively, and reduced their cholesterol content by 33.9 and 63.1% compared to the control. Whereas in the same group the growth of ALT activity was noted by 23.7%, and the average daily increase was higher than the control indicator by 7.9% 36 days of the research in comparison with the control group. The high content of zinc citrate in the mineral supplement (0.75 mg Zn/kg) in the blood of rabbits of the third experimental group contributed to the increase of the total protein concentration in all periods of the research, AST activity increased by 26.1% on the 24th day, AAT by 34.9% and the content of triacylglycerols and cholesterol was decreased, while on the 36th day the AAT activity increased by 20.3%, under these conditions, the average daily weight gain of rabbits was the highest and amounted to 38.4 g, which was 12.9% higher than the control. Therefore, the additive in the content of citrates of Co and Cr in the amount of 40 μg/kg of body weight and Zn citrate in the amount of 0.75 mg Zn/kg of body weight contributed to the improvement of metabolic processes and increase of growth indices, which may indicate the dose-dependent influence of the additives used in the rabbit young body.

scholarly journals Effect of Phoenix dactylifera pollen grains suspension on spermatogenesis and some biochemical parameters in albino rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells

In this study forty mature albino rats were used wich were randomly divided into five groups ,four groups were adminstrated Phoenix dactylifera pollen grains suspension at concertenrations (18,54,108,and 216)mg/ kg body weight by oral administration while the fifth group was considered as a control group.Experiment continued for 40 days then rats were sacrificed and samples of blood were collected for determination of some biochemical parameters (total protein ,total cholesterol ,LDLc and HDLc).Testis were removed for preparation histological sections to measures the diameters of seminferous tubules ,thickness of seminiferous epithelium and the numbers of spermatogenic cells. Results showed significant increase(p

scholarly journals THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE DOSES OF DIMINAZENE ACETURATE ON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL VALUES OF RATS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
T. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

The haematological effects of increasing doses of diminazene aceturate on the blood of swiss albino rats was examined. Following the administration of the drug there was a significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count (P<0.05). The increase in WBC count occured at all dose levels of 3.5, 7.0), 14.0 and 28.0mg/kg body weight. There was minor change in serum sodium and significant changes in serum potassium levels. All these changes were found not to be strictly dose dependent. This study shows that administration of diminazene aceturate produces increases in white blood cells.

The Subacute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity of 1,3-Dichloropropane in the Rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Terrill ◽  
Merrel Robinson ◽  
Gary W. Wolfe ◽  
Leonard H. Billups
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Levels

1,3-Dichloropropane (DCP) was administered by gavage for 14 and 90 days to male and female Sprague-Dawley-derived rats (10/sex/group). In the 14-day study using dose levels of 200, 600, and 1800 mg/kg/day, all high-dose group animals died, and none died in the other two treatment groups. Other signs associated with treatment in high-dose animals included languid behavior, salivation (also seen in middose group animals), dyspnea, and prostration. No differences were found between animals in the low-dose or middose groups compared to the control animals for body weight, food consumption, hematology, and gross postmortem and histopathology data. Total protein and albumin blood levels were increased for low-dose and middose females, and middose females, respectively. The clinical chemistry findings appeared to be treatment-related, since they were accompanied by significantly increased liver weights (absolute and relative; both sexes of middose animals) and kidney weights (absolute and relative; middose males). The dose levels used in the 90-day study, chosen on the results of the 14-day study, were 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg/day. All animals survived to termination. Males in the high-dose group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, whereas females in this group exhibited urine-stained fur. No treatment-related effects were found in food consumption or hematology data. Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase (males only), albumin, and total protein for high-dose group animals were increased. These findings were accompanied by increases in liver weight for low-dose (females only), middose, and high-dose animals and kidney weights for middose and high-dose group animals. Microscopic evaluations revealed centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy for the high-dose group animals and an exacerbation of chronic progressive nephropathy for middose (males only) and high-dose animals.

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