Comparison of Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (HCT) Value in Normal and Cancer Patients- An In-vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
V. Jaya Vabushana ◽  
Palati Sinduja ◽  
R. Priyadharshini
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hematological Parameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Hemoglobin is the molecule in Red blood cells (RBC) that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide gas from the tissues back to the lungs. The hematocrit is the ratio of the quantity of Red blood cells to the amount of these components together, called blood. The hematocrit measures the amount of red blood cells compared to the whole blood volume (red blood cells and plasma). The research is required to find out whether the cancer affects the traditional Hb and HCT value. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference between the normal and cancer patient’s Hb and HCT values. Materials and Methods: A Total of 20 samples were included in this study. Divided into two groups of normal and cancer patients. The details of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit values were noted down from the routine Complete blood count analysis and regression analysis is done through SPSS version 23. Results: The results showed that there is significant difference between the Hemoglobin and Hematocrit value between normal and cancerous patients. Comparison of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit value in normal and cancer patients showed mean value of the Hb in control patients as 13.9g/dl with a standard deviation of 1.4 and in squamous cell carcinoma as 12.97g/dl with a standard deviation of 2.6 and the mean value of the HCT in the control group is 40.5% with a standard deviation of 3.9 and in the cancer group it is 39.0 with a standard deviation of 7.7. with a significant difference between Hb and HCT level with a p value <0.05 Conclusion: The study found that there is a significant difference between the Hemoglobin and Hematocrit value among Squamous cell carcinoma compared to normal patients. As the therapy for cancers target the bone marrow, proliferative cells, the hematological parameter analysis is necessary to know the prognosis of the cancer individual.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum and Salivary Sialic Acid Level in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Pratibha Poudel ◽  
Barsha Bajracharya ◽  
Shubrato Bhattacharyya ◽  
Dipshikha Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Sialic acid is a glycoprotein that is considered as an important constituent of cell membrane. Altered glycosylation is one of the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. Several studies in past have shown that changes in serum and salivary sialic acid levels in cancer patients correlate well with tumor burden. Some of the findings suggested that sialic acid levels could be elevated in cancer patients before the occurrence of clinical symptoms. The purpose of this study is to estimate serum and salivary sialic acid level in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and correlate their level with the histopathological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Blood and saliva samples were collected from 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 50 healthy subjects. Serum and salivary sialic acid levels in both free and protein bound forms were measured spectrophotometrically. This was correlated with histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: A statistically significant rise in serum and salivary sialic acid level was noted in OSCC subjects compared to the controls. Furthermore, significant difference in both serum and salivary sialic acid level was noted between well and poorly differentiated OSCC. Conclusions: Our report suggests that sialic acid is a valuable biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It may be used to assess the histological grading of oral cancer and predict the disease outcome and response to the therapy.

scholarly journals Matched-Pair Analysis of Survival in the Patients with Advanced Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Induction Chemotherapy Plus Chemo-Radiation or Total Laryngectomy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Patricia García-Cabo ◽  
Fernando López ◽  
Mario Sánchez-Canteli ◽  
Laura Fernández-Vañes ◽  
César Álvarez-Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Tumor Node Metastasis Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: We performed a comparative analysis between an organ-preservation protocol and surgery followed by radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx; Methods: 60 previously untreated patients who were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy in responders were compared with a control group of 60 patients treated with up-front surgery. Both groups were statistically comparable, according to the subsite, TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage, age, and sex; Results: Mean age was 58 years and 92% were male. No significant statistical difference was observed for overall survival (OS) (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.48–1,18; P = 0.22) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.52–1.83, P = 0.96). Also, there was no significant difference for recurrence-free survival (HR 0.931; 95% CI 0.57–1.71; P = 0.81), metastases-free survival (HR 2.23; 95% CI 0.67–7.41; P = 0.19), and the appearance of second primary tumors (HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.51–2.88; P = 0.64); Conclusions: The results of the organ-preservation approach did not appear inferior to those of surgery plus (chemo)radiotherapy for patients with T3/T4a larynx and T2–T4a hypopharynx cancer with respect to OS and DSS, locoregional control and metastases-free survival.

scholarly journals Single modality radical radiotherapy is an acceptable alternative for the older patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000492
Author(s):  
Sarah Derby ◽  
Matthew Forshaw ◽  
Caroline Lowrie ◽  
Derek Grose ◽  
Husam Marashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Radical Radiotherapy ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundOesophageal cancer remains a common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Increasingly, oncology centres are treating an older population and comorbidities may preclude multimodality treatment with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We review outcomes of radical radiotherapy (RT) in an older population treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) oesophagus.MethodsPatients over 65 years receiving RT for SCC oesophagus between 2013 and 2016 in the West of Scotland were identified. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analysis were used to compare overall survival (OS) between patients treated with radical RT and radical CRT.ResultsThere were 83 patients over 65 years treated with either RT (n=21) or CRT (n=62). There was no significant difference in median OS between CRT versus RT (26.8 months vs 28.5 months, p=0.92). All patients receiving RT completed their treatment whereas 11% of CRT patients did not complete treatment.ConclusionSurvival in this non-trial older patient group managed with CRT is comparable to that reported in previous trials. RT shows better than expected outcomes which may reflect developments in RT technique. This review supports RT as an alternative in older patients, unfit for concurrent treatment.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics analysis of DNMT1 expression and its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jili Cui ◽  
Lian Zheng ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Miaomiao Xue
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dnmt1 Expression

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common type of malignancy in the world. DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) play key roles in carcinogenesis and regulation of the immune micro-environment, but the gene expression and the role of DNMT1 in HNSCC is unknown. In this study, we utilized online tools and databases for pan-cancer and HNSCC analysis of DNMT1 expression and its association with clinical cancer characteristics. We also identified genes that positively and negatively correlated with DNMT1 expression and identified eight hub genes based on protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological functions related with of DNMT1. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was performed to explore the relationship between DNMT1 expression and immune-cell infiltration. We demonstrated that DNMT1 gene expression was upregulated in HNSCC and associated with poor prognosis. Based on analysis of the eight hub genes, we determined that DNMT1 may be involved in cell cycle, proliferation and metabolic related pathways. We also found that significant difference of B cells infiltration based on TP 53 mutation. These findings suggest that DNMT1 related epigenetic alterations have close relationship with HNSCC progression, and DNMT1 could be a novel diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC.

scholarly journals Association between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamagata ◽  
Satoshi Fukuzawa ◽  
Naomi Ishibashi-Kanno ◽  
Fumihiko Uchida ◽  
Hiroki Bukawa
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe systemic inflammatory response is known to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with various types of cancer. The C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin (Alb) ratio (CAR) has been reported as a novel inflammation-based prognostic marker. We have evaluated the prognostic value of inflammatory markers for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study population included 205 patients treated with OSCC between 2013 and 2018. The primary predictor variable was the inflammatory markers. The primary outcome variable was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model to identify independent prognostic factors. The CAR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values compared with other markers in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The cutoff value for CAR was 0.032 (AUC 0.693, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in OS when patients were stratified according to CAR, with 79.1% for CAR < 0.032 and 35% for CAR ≥ 0.032 (P < 0.001). Cox multivariate analysis identified independent predictive factors for OS: age (hazard ratio [HR] 2.155, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.262–3.682; P = 0.005), stage (HR 3.031, 95% CI 1.576–5.827; P = 0.001), and CAR (HR 2.859, 95% CI 1.667–4.904; P < 0.001). CAR (≥ 0.032 vs. < 0.032) is a good prognostic marker in patients with OSCC in terms of age and stage.

scholarly journals p53 immunohistochemical staining patterns in oral squamous cell carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017
Author(s):  
G Dundy ◽  
H Kumar ◽  
A Singh ◽  
A Chandarakant
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
P Value ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Mutation of p53 gene is one of the most common events in oral carcinogenesis. Accumulation of p53 protein has also been detected in premalignant lesions.Materials and Methods:  This study included 40 biopsy samples, which were received in department of pathology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, to ascertain p53 expression by immunohistochemically, in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas and to correlate its expression with histological grade, different sites in oral cavity and tobacco intake/smoking habits.Results: Out of 40 biopsies of oral mucosa, 03 showed normal oral mucosa and 37 were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), most patients were in 5th and 6th decade and majority (86.5%) of oral SCC were males with buccal mucosa being the most common site. There was a statistically significant difference in p53 expression between oral SCC and normal oral mucosa (p value <0.05). Of total 37 cases, 12 cases were well differentiated type, 16 moderately differentiated and 09 of poorly differentiated type of SCC. In each category, about two thirds were positive for p53 staining. Out of total 37 cases of oral SCC, 64.9% were positive and 35.1% were negative for p53 expression, 34 cases had positive history of tobacco intake/smoking habits, of which 23 cases were positive while 11 cases were negative for p53 staining.Conclusion: Abnormal p53 protein was detected in 64.9% of oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not in normal oral mucosa. p53 expression was associated with malignant transformation of oral mucosa. 

scholarly journals Expression of the Extracellular Sulfatase SULF2 Affects Survival of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jaeil Ahn ◽  
Rekha Raghunathan ◽  
Bhaskar V. Kallakury ◽  
Bruce Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference

Sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) regulates signaling of growth factor receptors via specific interactions with the sulfate groups. 6-O-Sulfation of HSPG is an impactful modification regulated by the activities of dedicated extracellular endosulfatases. Specifically, extracellular sulfatase Sulf-2 (SULF2) removes 6-O-sulfate from HS chains, modulates affinity of carrier HSPG to their ligands, and thereby influences activity of the downstream signaling pathway. In this study, we explored the effect of SULF2 expression on HSPG sulfation and its relationship to clinical outcomes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We found a significant overexpression of SULF2 in HNSCC tumor tissues which differs by tumor location and etiology. Expression of SULF2 mRNA in tumors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was two-fold lower than in tumors associated with a history of tobacco and alcohol consumption. High SULF2 mRNA expression is significantly correlated with poor progression-free interval and overall survival of patients (n = 499). Among all HS-related enzymes, SULF2 expression had the highest hazard ratio in overall survival after adjusting for clinical characteristics. SULF2 protein expression (n = 124), determined by immunohistochemical analysis, showed a similar trend. The content of 6-O-sulfated HSPG, measured by staining with the HS3A8 antibody, was higher in adjacent mucosa compared to tumor tissue but revealed no difference based on SULF2 staining. LC-MS/MS analysis showed low abundance of N-sulfation and O-sulfation in HS but no significant difference between SULF2-positive and SULF2-negative tumors. Levels of enzymes modifying 6-O-sulfation, measured by RT-qPCR in HNSCC tumor tissues, suggest that HSPG sulfation is carried out by the co-regulated activities of multiple genes. Imbalance of the HS modifying enzymes in HNSCC tumors modifies the overall sulfation pattern, but the alteration of 6-O-sulfate is likely non-uniform and occurs in specific domains of the HS chains. These findings demonstrate that SULF2 expression correlates with survival of HNSCC patients and could potentially serve as a prognostic factor or target of therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Analysis of SEPT9 Gene Promoter Methylation Status in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Mirza Aghasi ◽  
Saied Ghorbian
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Introduction: The changes in the level of SEPT9 gene promoter methylation can contribute to the formation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of changes in the level of SEPT9 gene promoter methylation in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: In the present case-control study, we collected 75 paraffin blocks of esophageal cancer tissues and 75 paraffin blocks healthy tissues, which were referred to the Noor-E-Nejat and Tabriz International Hospitals during 2013-2017. After DNA extraction and treatment with sodium metabisulfite, the changes of SEPT9 gene promoter methylation assessed using high resolution melting (HRM) technique. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and Chi-square test. Results: Our findings did not show a statistically significant difference between the changes of SEPT9 gene promoter methylation in cancer tissues compared to the healthy tissues (P=0.106). Conclusion: This study shows that SEPT9 gene promoter methylation cannot contribute to the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cancerogenesis.  

p16 Expression in Keratoacanthomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin: An Immunohistochemical Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Emad Kaabipour ◽  
Helen M. Haupt ◽  
Jere B. Stern ◽  
Peter A. Kanetsky ◽  
Victoria F. Podolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
P16 Expression

Abstract Context.—Distinguishing between keratoacanthoma (KA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not an uncommon histologic diagnostic dilemma. Objective.—To determine if p16 expression is useful in the differential diagnosis of SCC and KA. Design.—We studied the expression of p16 by immunohistochemistry in 24 KAs, 24 infiltrating SCCs of the skin, 4 histologically indeterminate lesions, and 8 nonmalignant keratoses. Results.—A range of immunohistochemical p16 expression was seen in KAs and SCCs in terms of the thickness of lesional staining and the percentage of cells staining. No significant difference in measures of p16 expression was identified among the KAs, the SCCs, the indeterminate lesions, or the benign keratoses. Conclusions.—These findings suggest that p16 is not a useful marker to distinguish between KA and SCC, supporting the similarity between the 2 lesions; p16 alterations appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of both KA and SCC.

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