scholarly journals Seasonal Variety on Bacteriological Evaluation of Borehole Waters in Orumba South Local Government Area in Anambra State

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Anyalogbu Maryrose Ebere ◽  
E. N. Chukwurah ◽  
C. C. Ezemba
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation ◽  
Water Purity

Aims: This study was carried out to determine the seasonal variety on physico-chemical and bacteriological evaluation of Borehole waters. Place and Duration of Study: 10 selected borehole tanks in 5 different towns were collected from five towns from (ORS) Orumba South L. G. A; (Umunze, Onneh, Nawfija, Isulo and Ezira) in Anambra State, with one hundred and twenty samples each in both dry season (December, January, February) as January (peak of dry season) and rainy season (May, June, July) as June (peak of rainy season) within 2018. Methodology: A total of one hundred and twenty water samples were analyzed.  (1) ml of water sample was added to 10 ml single strength of the Lactose fermentation broth and serially diluted. The isolated bacterial isolates were identified using their morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, microscopical and molecular characteristics. The DNA was extracted from the identified isolates and analyzed by 16S rRNA. The bacteria isolated from the studied water samples were identified to be Bacillus subtilis (BTC), Escherichia coli (RSS), klebsiella aerogenes (TSS) and staphylococcus aureus (GY), PC – Providencia stuartii, BCD – Bacillus toyonensis, FY- Bacillus spp and ANT – Proteus spp. Frequency rate of occurrence in percentage for the isolates in dry and rainy seasons in ORS L. G. A were determined and for removal of all the isolates were within the WHO limit of 0.08ct (mg.min L-1) by the use of chlorine solution. Confirmatory profile on bacteriological in chlorine treated borehole water samples was determined. Results: The highest TCC was recorded for sample 10 which was 27 MPN/100ml estimated during rainy season against (TCC)  recorded for samples 10 which was 22 MPN/100ml during dry season.  Out of eight isolates, Escherichia coli had the highest rate frequency of occurrence of 70% in rainy season against dry season. All the isolates 1 to 8 range from (0.01ct) (mg.min L-1) to (0.06ct (mg.min L-1) all the values were within the WHO recommended limit for water purity. The confirmatory test on sample locations form ORS 1 to ORS 10 for total coliform count in chlorine treated borehole water samples by most probable number estimation revealed that all the samples were within the WHO permissible limit of 0.00MPN/100ml. Conclusions: Chlorine solution may have proven to be the cheaper and better solution for achieving water purity in boreholes water.

scholarly journals Effects of Depth and Seasons on the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Selected Well Water Samples in Awka Urban, Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
M. U. Orji ◽  
S. C. Onuorah ◽  
M. O. Ifemeje ◽  
O. R. Umeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Dry Seasons

Background: The people of Awka urban show an increasing trend of using well water resulting to unreliable and quality-compromised water supply. Aim: Effects of depth and seasons on the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of selected well water samples in Awka urban, Anambra State was conducted to determine their quality and suitability for domestic uses. A total of thirty shallow and deep well water samples were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. Methods: Physicochemical analysis was carried out using standard analytical methods. The total bacterial count was determined by dilution method. Results: Some of the physicochemical parameters (PH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, cadmium, lead and arsenic) exceeded the World Health Organization maximum containment levels indicating that the samples were unfit for domestic uses. The bacterial counts ranged from 2.66 to 3.26 logcfu/ml during the rainy season and 2.54 to 3.20 logcfu/ml during the dry season. The total coliform counts also exceeded the W.H.O levels. Citrobacter freundii, Shigella flexneri, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were isolated during both seasons and identified using standard analytical procedures. The bacterium that had the highest frequency of occurrence during the rainy season was Citrobacter freundii (16.55%) while Salmonella typhi had the highest frequency of occurrence during the dry season (17.69%) respectively. Proteus vulgaris had the least frequency of occurrence 5.41% and 4.62% during the rainy and dry seasons respectively. The results were analyzed statistically using two-way analysis of variance. Higher bacterial counts were recorded in rainy season and shallow wells than dry season and deeper wells. Conclusion: The presence of these bacteria above admissible limits showed that the water lacked proper water management services and may be harmful to humans. There is therefore a need to monitor the well water quality by employing better sanitary practices and subjecting the waters through various forms of water treatments before use to help prevent disease outbreak.

scholarly journals Using Molecular Techniques for the Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Constancy Prisca Aleru ◽  
Kinikanwo Confidence Wachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rivers State

This study characterised Escherichia coli isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary using molecular techniques. One hundred and twenty (120) water samples were investigated for the presence of E. coli in Creek Road/Bonny Estuary. Most Probable Number (MPN) Technique, Eijkman test and molecular techniques were used for the isolation and detection of E. coli. The analysis was carried out periodically (morning and evening) and seasonally (end of rainy season (November), the start of rainy season (April) and in the middle of rainy season (July)). All E. coli isolates were screened for resistance genes in the pathotypes of E. coli (EHEC, EPEC, EAEC, ETEC and EIEC), including Sulfhydryl Variable (SHV), CTX-M, Temoniera (TEM) and MCR genes using the Polymerase chain reaction Technique. The results showed that 100% of the water samples were positive for coliforms and all the water samples harboured E. coli. The highest total coliforms count recorded was in the morning of April (48 MPN/100 ml). The distribution of individual genes in the E. coli isolates are: SHV (5.0), CTX-M (5.8), TEM (4.2), MCR (0.0%), stx1 and stx2 (4.2), esV and bfA (1.7), aaiC (4.2), elt (3.3) and invE (2.5). The CTX-M was the most found of all the resistance genes.

scholarly journals Isolation and Enumeration of Escherichia coli from Soil and Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Anindita Bhowmik ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dilution Series

Majority of the population of Bangladesh depend on tap or surface water as their source of water supply. This study was carried out to examine the microbial quality of both water and soil collected from different places using the multiple tube fermentation technique to determine coliform count by the most probable number (MPN) method in brilliant green lactose broth (BGLB) media.Inoculum from positive tubes of the presumptive test were further transferred on eosinemethylene blue (EMB) and MacConkey agar.The organisms isolated were further characterized using biochemical tests. Out of 93 water samples, 30 (32.26%) indicated the presence of lactose fermenter and gas producer in all 3 tubes of dilution series using inoculum quantities of 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01 ml, whereas out of 85 soil samples, 45 (52.94%) showed acid and gas production in all 3 tubes of dilution series.Among 85 soil samples, 40 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series and among 93 water samples, 31 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series were further re-identified with biochemical tests.This study showed 30.59% soil isolates and 26.88% water isolates were Escherichia coli which highlighted the fact that both water and soil act as a major reservoir of E.coli, which indicates possible fecal contamination as well as presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 75-77

scholarly journals Contamination Levels of Organochlorine and Organophosphorous Pesticide Residues in Water and Sediment from River Owena, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yetunde A. Adeshina ◽  
Akinnawo Solomon ◽  
Aiyesanmi F. Ademola
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Organophosphorous Pesticide ◽  
Contamination Levels

River Owena functions as the source of water for the Owena dam which supplies drinking water to the communities in the region, the river also plays an important economic role in irrigation and fish farming in the region. But there has been an indiscriminate used of pesticide because residents of the study area are not well orientated concerning the negative impact of pesticide in the environment. Analysis of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticide residues was carried out in water and sediment from river Owena, the objective of the research is to determine the contamination levels of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticide in the water and sediment of river Owena. Analysis was carried out using gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector in order to identify and quantify the concentration of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticide in the water and sediment samples from river Owena. Analysis revealed the contamination of water and sediment with organophosphorous pesticide residues at different contamination levels in both dry and rainy season, while a low levels of organochlorine pesticide residues only during the dry season. The TOPP for sediment samples ranges from 1.045mg/L during the dry season and 2.279mg/L during the rainy season, while the TOPP for water samples ranges from 7.163mg/L during the dry season to 7.83mg/L during the rainy season. The TOCP values ranges from 1.288mg/L to 0.015mg/L for sediment and water samples respectively during the dry season, while organochlorine pesticides were not detected during the rainy season. The occurrence and seasonal variation of organophosphorous pesticide residues in river Owena can be attributed to the intense agricultural and urban activities in the vicinity of river Owena. 

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbial Evaluation of Selected Residential Borehole Water Samples in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Victor Henry Azubuike Enemor ◽  
Precious Ebuka Okeke ◽  
Uchechukwu Chibuzo Ogbodo
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Borehole Water

Water is very important to the existence of humans though could also serve as vehicle for pathogenic organisms and dangerous organic and inorganic matters. The physicochemical and microbial analyses of selected borehole water samples in Awka residential areas were conducted with the aim of ascertaining suitability or otherwise for human consumption. The total hardness, pH, alkalinity, some common elements and presence of toxic metals were determined by standard methods of American Public Health Association. The presence of microorganisms in the water samples was also determined. Results of the physicochemical analysis of the borehole water samples showed a mean pH value of 5.52 below the WHO standard of 6.5 - 8.5 and mean total hardness of 150 ppm greater than the WHO standard of 70 ppm. The microelements such as manganese, zinc, lead, selenium, nickel and cadmium were found to be below detectable levels in the water samples. Five bacteria species were isolated and identified in the water samples as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The physicochemical properties and the bacteria load of most of the water samples indicate that they were unfit for human consumption as the samples were outside WHO reference standard for potable water suggesting a need for increased awareness for improved sanitation and hygiene practices in the state.

scholarly journals Kualitas Sumber Air Minum Masyarakat Kampung Yokiwa Distrik Sentani Timur Secara Bakteriologis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Ima F. Patasik ◽  
Daniel Lantang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Number Series ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Biology Laboratory

The aim of this study was to observe the presence of coliform bacteria and the level of contamination in outlet water of Sentani lake, especially in Jaifuri river. The study was done from Januari-April 2009 in 3 sampling areas: outlet of the lake (A), in between outlet and the river (B), and in Jaifuri river (C). Samples then be analized in Biology Laboratory, FMIPA University of Cenderawasih using MPN (Most Probable Number) series 3-3-3. Furthermore, the result then compared with the quality standard of dringking water (Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No 416/MENKES/PER/IX1990). The result showed that coliform of sample A was 9.300 MPN/ 100 ml, sample B was 4.300 MPN/100 ml and sample C was 24.000 MPN/ 100 ml. That condition was above the maximum level of contamination of dringking water (0/100 ml). In addition, the biochemical test showed that Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found in that water samples.  Key words: Coliform, Escherichia coli, outlet of Sentani lake, Jaifuri river, East Sentani. 

scholarly journals Kualitas Air Sumur Bor dan Air Swadaya Berdasarkan Total Coliform dengan Cemaran Escherichia coli di Desa Rarowatu Kabupaten Bombana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angriani Fusvita ◽  
Susanti Susanti ◽  
Bobi Anggriawan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Quality Of Water

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas Air di Desa Rarowatu Kabupaten Bombana. Pemeriksaan coliform pada air sumur bor dan air swadaya masyarakat menggunakan Metode Most Probable Number (MPN). Pada perlakuan ini terdiri dari presumptive test yang menggunakan media Lactose Broth (LB) dengan metode 3 seri tabung, Tahap berikutnya confirmative test dengan menggunakan media Brillian Green Lactose Broth (BGLB). Pada identifikasi  Escherichia coli  menggunakan media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, pewarnaan Gram dan media uji biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sampel yang terdiri dari 7 sampel air sumur bor dan I sampel air swadaya masyarakat berdasarkan uji MPN mencapai 2400/100 ml. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan media EMBA menunjukkan koloni yang berwarna hijau metalik pada sampel air swadaya  serta  dilakukan pewarnaan Gram menunjukkan bentuk basil pendek dan gram negative. Hasil uji biokimia menunjukkan hasil uji indol positif, methyl red positif, voges proskauer negatif dan uji sitrat negatif. Uji IMViC dapat disimpulkan bahwa bakteri pada kode sampel D memiliki sifat yang sama terhadap bakteri E. coli. Kata kunci :  Coliform, Identifikasi, Escherichia coli, BombanaABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the quality of water in Rarowatu Village, Bombana Regency. Coliform examination in borehole water and community self-water using the Most Probable Number (MPN) Method. This treatment consists of a presumptive test that uses Lactose Broth (LB) media with the tube 3 series method. The next stage is the confirmative test using Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB) media. The identification of Escherichia coli using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media, Gram staining, and biochemical test media. The results of the study showed that samples consisting of 7 samples of bore well water and I community self-water samples based on the MPN test reached 2400/100 ml. The identification results using EMBA media showed that metallic green colonies in self-help water samples and Gram staining performed showed short and gram-negative bacilli forms. The results of biochemical tests showed that swadaya water samples were Escherichia coli species.Keywords: Coliform, Identification, Escherichia coli, Bombana

scholarly journals DETEKSI BAKTERI Escherichia coli DALAM AIR MINUM ISI ULANG YANG DISTERILISASI ULTRAVIOLET DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN JAGAKARSA

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rezki Rachmawati ◽  
Muzajjanah Muzajjanah ◽  
Yoswita Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Coliform Bacterium ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Refill Water Depot is currently more widely circulated and used as an alternative drinking water supply by the public. However the still unclear about the quality of the drinking water refill generated primarily of biological content. Parameters of biological contamination in drinking water caused by the Escherichia coli and coliform bacterium. This study aims to identify E. coli and coliforms in drinking water refill. Refill drinking water samples obtained from 16 drinking water refill from Jagakarsa subdsitrict. The method used is descriptive. Refill drinking water samples was taken and tested in the MPN (Most Probable Number) method and then to be tested in identification of E. coli. The results of testing the drinking water refill obtained 15 samples positive for coliform bacteria. Samples were positive for E. coli bacteria that sample B.1 and F.2.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water, Soils and Sediments of La Villa River Basin- Panama

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
José Villarreal Núñez ◽  
Adolfo Santo Pineda ◽  
Jhon Villalaz Pérez ◽  
Iván Ramos Zachrisson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
South Central ◽  
Rectangular Area

Determine the concentration of heavy metals in water, sediments, and crops within the La Villa river basin, Herrera and Los Santos provinces, republic of Panama. La Villa river Basin, south central of Panama, in the rainy season of 2016 (May to November) and in the dry season of 2017 (December to April). Twenty two sediments and water samples were taken using the systematic method which consists of selecting sampling points at uniform distances and crops in upper, middle and lower basin. The selected sampling was confined to a preferably rectangular area of 10.0 m x 30.0 m, on which the sub-samples were taken with a number of 15 on each grid, at 0.20m depth. For collecting the water samples, a rod with a clean plastic bottle was introduced against the current of the river. The digestion of sediments and crops to determine the concentration of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd) was carried out according to USEPA (25) method (3051A) (SW-846). In the sediments, in the rainy season, Cu (upper and lower basin) and Mn (all levels) values were found above the USEPA Standards. In the dry season, high values of Mn were found in the middle and lower basin, Cr in the upper and lower basin and As in all areas of the basin. In the rainy and dry seasons, high levels of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb were found in the waters of the rivers that make up the basin. The main crops at each height of the basin were analyzed, determining high levels of As and Cr in the upper basin, in the middle and lower basin Cr and Cd. It is necessary to monitor the concentration of heavy metals in sediments of La Villa river basin because 90% of the agrochemicals that enter the country is destined for agriculture. Each Panamanian consumes (does not ingest) 3 kg of agrochemicals annually, exceeding six times the amount used in Central America.  Due to their geological origin, these soils are rich in copper, manganese and arsenic, latter being associated with iron oxides and sulfides but there is also great influence of anthropogenic activities, agriculture and industries. Some metals such as lead and arsenic showed low solubility in water but showed high concentration in sediments. Chromium and cadmium present in crops come from water.

Inexpensive, Disposable Presence-Absence Test for Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Water

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUBY M. LEE ◽  
PAUL A. HARTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Six-ounce (151-g) Whirl-Pak® bags containing 3.05 g of dehydrated Presence-Absence (P-A) Broth and 5 mg of 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (MUG) were pasteurized with 10 kGy of gamma irradiation. To conduct a “bag” P-A test, 100 ml of water sample were added to a bag. The bag was closed, the medium was dissolved by massaging the bag for about 15 sec, and the bag was then placed in a rack for incubation. The bag method was compared with P-A tests conducted in 160-ml glass bottles and 200-ml polysulfone bottles, as well as with a 5-tube Laury] Tryptose Broth (LTB) most-probable-number (MPN) method. Twenty-nine surface-water samples (11 streams, 7 rivers, and 11 lakes), 9 well-water samples, and 2 sewage effluents were examined. Chi-square analyses of the results revealed that no significant difference (P≤0.1) existed among the different P-A tests. The hydrolysis of MUG provided excellent Escherichia coli detection and was easiest to determine in the bags.

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