scholarly journals Raw and cooked meat emulsion stability as affected by starches determined by principal component analysis

Author(s):  
Octavio Toledo ◽  
Alfonso Totosaus

This work aimed to study the relationship between meat emulsion in both raw and cooked states employing two different types of starch, potato, and wheat, in meat batters formulated with different fat percent. Emulsion stability as related to water retention capacity, thermal denaturation temperature, and enthalpy plus thermal diffusivity were determined in the raw and cooked state. There was an inherent difference in potato starch functionality, with higher emulsion stability and yield, but the Pearson correlation analysis and PCA demonstrated that water holding capacity and the denaturation enthalpy resulted in higher cook yield as a consequence of lower expressible moisture. This results in establishing the importance to maintain meat extensors as starches functionality before and during mixing and thermal processing to obtain better yield and less water release in fat-reduced meat products, both important quality parameters, related to sensory (juiciness) and texture (hardness) properties of comminuted meat products.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e1599108298
Author(s):  
Lívia Bicalho Ferreira Silva ◽  
Camila Neves Miranda ◽  
Mirian dos Santos ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Pimenta Pereira ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
...  

Dietary fiber is an important component to improve the nutritional appeal of meat products, and it could be obtained from by-products of the citrus industry. Considering that orange albedo was not sufficiently addressed in meat products, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of the orange albedo flour as an animal fat substitute in beef burgers. Five formulations were developed with different substitutions of pork fat by the orange albedo flour (0; 25; 50; 75; and 100%). The analyses carried out were the proximal composition of orange albedo flour and beef burgers and the cooking yield, shrinkage, pH, color, sensory acceptance, and purchase intent of the beef burgers. The results showed that the percentage of lipids was reduced by up to 70%, however, the yield parameters were negatively affected by the inclusion of the orange albedo flour: the higher the amount of flour added, lower was the water retention capacity and higher was the shrinkage rate. Concerning sensory analysis, the formulations that pork back fat was substituted by 25 and 50% of orange albedo flour were the most acceptable for all sensory attributes and purchase intention, characterizing themselves as viable alternatives both of the nutritional and sensory aspects.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3377
Author(s):  
Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Inês Sucupira Maciel ◽  
Stela Antas Urbano ◽  
Juliana Paula Felipe de Oliveira ◽  
...  

Our objective was to evaluate leg tissue composition and physico-chemical quality parameters of sheep meat fed with increasing levels of annatto coproduct. 32 male uncastrated animals without a defined breed were randomized in four treatments (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg-1 of annatto coproduct in the DM diet). After 78 days of confinement, the animals were slaughtered and body components were recorded. Reconstituted leg weight, total muscle weight, biceps weight and semitendinosus weight showed a negative linear behavior (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of the annatto coproduct in the diet. No effects of the inclusion of annatto coproduct (P > 0.05) were found for leg tissue composition (%), muscle:bone ratio, relative fat or leg muscle. Meat physico-chemical parameters (color, shear force, water retention capacity and cooking losses) were not affected by the inclusion of the annatto coproduct in the diet. The annatto coproduct can be included in up to 300 g kg-1 of dietary dry matter without negative effects to the leg tissue composition (%) and physical parameters of confined sheep meat.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2558
Author(s):  
Damian Konkol ◽  
Małgorzata Korzeniowska ◽  
Henryk Różański ◽  
Wanda Górniak ◽  
Marita Andrys ◽  
...  

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of selenium yeast and phytobiotic on the storage capacity, selected quality parameters of meat and content of selenium in muscles obtained from broilers. In the experiment, 1440 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four research groups: group received no additive (G1), group received a supplement of 0.3 mg Se (as sodium selenite)/kg of feed mixture (G2), group received 0.2 g phytobiotic and 0.3 mg Se as 0.1 g selenium yeast per 1 kg of feed mixture (G3) and group received 0.3 mg Se as 0.1 g selenium yeast per 1 kg of feed mixture (G4). Measurement of pH, determination of water retention capacity, degree of advancement of oxidative changes and selenium content in muscles were performed. Samples of chickens’ breast and thigh muscles were microbiologically analyzed. The additives significantly influenced the level of oxidation in muscles and the incorporation of selenium. The meat of chickens receiving organic selenium was characterized by significantly lower dynamics of oxidative changes. The studies carried out showed that selenium in organic form had better absorption.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alkhalidi ◽  
Abdalrahman Alsulaili ◽  
Badreyah Almarshed ◽  
Majed Bouresly ◽  
Sarah Alshawish

This study investigates the seasonal and spatial trends in Kuwait’s coastal water’s physical, chemical, and biological parameters by applying multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA), principal component/factor analysis (PCA/FA), and the Pearson correlation (PC) method to the average daily reading of water quality parameters from fifteen stations over one year. The investigated parameters are pH, turbidity, chlorophyll-a, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), phycoerythrin, salinity, and temperature. The results show that the coastal water of Kuwait is subjected to high environmental pressure due to natural and human interferences. During 2017, the DO levels were below the threshold limit, and at the same time, the water temperature and salinity were very high, causing a series of fish death events. CA resulted in three different regions based on the turbidity, including high, moderate, and low regions, and three seasons (winter, summer, and autumn). Spring is very short and overlaps with winter and summer. PCA/FA applied on the datasets assisted in extracting and identifying parameters responsible for the variations in the seasons and regions obtained from CA. Additionally, Pearson’s correlation resulted in a strong positive relation between chlorophyll and phycoerythrin in 7 out of the 15 stations. However, at high turbidity regions (stations 1 and 2), chlorophyll concentration was low. Additionally, the negative correlation between DO and temperature was observed at stations with rare human activities.


2019 ◽  
pp. 77-85

Efecto de la temperatura en la capacidad de retención de agua y pH en carne de res, cerdo, pollo, ovino, conejo y pescado paco Effect of temperature in the capacity of water retention and pH in meat of beef, pork, chicken, sheep, rabbit and paco fish Lenard Ibsen Rengifo Gonzales y Elizabeth S. Ordóñez Gómez Facultad de Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Apartado postal 156, Tingo María Laboratorio de Carnes, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Apartado postal 156, Tingo María DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2010.0024/ RESUMEN El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de Carnes-UNAS. Los objetivos fueron determinar la capacidad de retención de agua y pH en carne fresca (CRA), descongelada (CRAd) y cocida (CRAc) a diferentes temperaturas, en carne de res, cerdo, pollo, ovino, conejo y pescado paco, así como elaborar salchicha con la carne que tiene mejor capacidad de retención de agua y evaluar la estabilidad de la emulsión (EE) y capacidad de retención de agua del embutido (CRAe). Se realizaron los análisis de capacidad de retención de agua en carne fresca, descongelada y cocida (a 77, 82 y 87 °C). Los datos se expresaron por la media ± SEM. Se empleó el análisis de varianza de diseño completo al azar (DCA) y la prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). La mejor capacidad de retención de agua en carne fresca correspondió a pescado paco CRA I (25%), CRA II (17,333%), y pH (6,39); en carne descongelada correspondió a ovino CRAd (0,357%) y pH (5,133); en carne cocida a temperatura de 77 °C correspondió a pollo CRAc (6,62%) y pH (5,76), a 82 y 87 °C correspondió a ovino CRAc (9,31 y 18,953% respectivamente) y pH (5,75 y 5,78 respectivamente). También se realizaron los análisis de estabilidad de emulsión y capacidad de retención de agua de las salchichas de cerdo y ovino. Los datos se expresaron por la media ± SEM. Se empleo la prueba t–Student (p<0,05). La mejor estabilidad de la emulsión (EE) y capacidad de retención de agua (CRAe) correspondió a la salchicha elaborada con carne de cerdo EE (8,53 ml/100g de carne) y CRAe (25%). Descriptores: carnes, cra, ph, temperatura, emulsión. ABSTRACT The present research was developed in the laboratory of meat unas. The aims were to determine the capacity of water retention and the ph in fresh meat (cra), defrosted (crad), and cooked (crac), at different temperatures in the meat of beef, pork, chicken, sheep, rabbit and paco fish. as well as to produce sausage with the meat that has better water retention capacity and to evaluate the emulsion stability (ee) and capacity of water retention of the sausage (crae). We analyzed the capacity of water retention in fresh meat, defrosted and cooked (at 77, 82 and 87 °c). The data was expressed by the media ± sem, we used variance analyses of complete design at random (Dca) and the tukey test (p<0,05). The best capacity of water retention in fresh meat corresponded to paco fish cra i (25 %) and cra ii (17,333 %) and Ph (6,39), in defrosted meat corresponded to sheep crad (0,357 %) and ph (5,133), in cooked meat at 77 °c temperature corresponded to chicken crac (6,62 %) and ph (5,76), and at 82 °c and 87 °c corresponded to sheep crac (9,31 and 18,953 % respectively) and ph (5,75 y 5,78 respectively). We also carried out the analyses of emulsion stability and the capacity of water retention of the sausages of pork and sheep. The data were expressed by the media ± sem, We used the test of t - student (p<0,05). The best emulsion stability (ee) and capacity of water retention (crae) corresponded to the sausage elaborated with pork ee (8,53 ml/100g of meat) and crae (25 %). Keywords: meat, cra, ph, temperature, emulsion.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  

This study was carried out between September 2015 and August 2016 in four sampling sites. Water quality of the pond was examined according to sites and seasons, water quality classes were determined and pollution problems were revealed. In addition, the suitability of aquatic life forms has been determined. For these purposes, 21 physico-chemical and seven heavy metal parameters were investigated in the pond water. Pearson correlation, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were applied to test the relationships of all parameters and pollutant loads. According to the analysis results, the main pollution source may be non-point pollution, that is, agricultural pollution and soil leaching for this region. In future freshwater management, these temporal and spatial scale results indicate that water-monitoring schemes need to be scaled-sensitive to water management.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Souza Cócaro ◽  
Laise Freitas Laurindo ◽  
Marcela Alcantara ◽  
Inayara Beatriz Araújo Martins ◽  
Augusto Aloísio Benevenuto Junior ◽  
...  

Five different concentrations of golden flaxseed flour (0%: F0 (control), 5%: F1, 10%: F2, 15%: F3, 20%: F4) were used as a functional ingredient to replace the fat in chicken burgers. The products were analyzed for moisture, protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash, shear force, consumer acceptance, and their sensory and technological characteristics. The fat, carbohydrate, and protein contents of the raw hamburgers did not differ significantly. An increase in golden flaxseed flour concentration caused a decrease in moisture content and an increase in ash content. The addition of golden flaxseed flour positively affected the technological characteristics and increases in the yield and water retention capacity were observed, together with decreases in shrinkage and mechanical resistance. Formulation F1 presented the highest average acceptance, which did not differ from the F0, and the latter also did not differ from F2. The F3 and F4 formulations differed from the others, with lower average values for acceptance. The check-all-that-apply method revealed that the formulations F0, F1, and F2 were described by sensory terms that corresponded to the desired sensory characteristics. The addition of golden flaxseed flour improved the technological characteristics and the biofunctional potential arising from its bioactive compounds, making it an option as an ingredient for meat products.


2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane De Cássia Pontes Ramos ◽  
Lúcia Fátima Henriques Lourenço ◽  
Maria Regina Sarkis Peixoto Joele ◽  
Consuelo Lúcia de Sousa ◽  
Suezilde Conceição do Amaral Ribeiro

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological, physical and physico-chemical quality parameters of sous vide preparation of pen-reared tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). To prepare the tambaqui sous vide, 200 g of fillet, 50 g of basil sauce (1:4 fish fillet:sauce ratio) and 10 mL of 5% sodium lactate were used. The product was then vacuum-packaged, pasteurized at 65 ºC for 12.5 min and refrigerated. The presence of Salmonella spp., sulfite-reducing Clostridium and Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in the samples analyzed. The coliform count at 45 ºC and coagulase-positive staphylococci were below the limit (103) permitted by the law in vigor. Water retention capacity and chloride content analyses revealed that the tambaqui fillet differed significantly (P<0.05) from the sous vide because of the addition of basil sauce. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content of the fillet and sous vide were below the limits established by the law, indicating good quality. The lightness (L*) and yellow color (b*) of the fillet and the sous vide did not differ significantly (P>0.05), but the red color (a*) decreased in the sous vide, which is related to the addition of basil sauce. The chroma (C*) and hue angle (ho) differed significantly (P<0.05), and the fillet samples were lighter in color, whereas the sous vide was characterized by yellow color. The n-6/n-3 ratios found for the fillet and the sous vide are within the recommended values, which is important for human metabolism. The fillet and sous vide also had high calcium, zinc, magnesium and potassium concentrations. It is concluded that tambaqui sous vide is a good source of nutrients, rich in fatty acids and minerals essential for human health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (25) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Lázaro De La Torre-Gutiérrez ◽  
Sandi Patricia Morales-Córdova ◽  
José Ulises González-de la Cruz ◽  
María Concepción de la Cruz-Leyva

Los almidones no convencionales se han utilizado con éxito en la formulación de productos cárnicos, al brindar textura y escaso sabor a un menor costo. Aquí el objetivo fue, evaluar el efecto del almidón de plátano cuadrado Musa balbisiana Colla sobre el rendimiento, retención de agua y aceptación sensorial en el jamón cocido. El almidón de plátano (madurez tipo I) se extrajo con una metodología recomendada. Se elaboró jamón cocido con carne de cerdo y se adicionó almidón de plátano. A partir de un diseño experimental factorial 22: concentración de almidón (factor A) 10 % y 20 %, y tiempo de masajeo de la carne (factor B) de 16 y 30 min. Resultando un total de cuatro tratamientos: T1, T2, T3 y T4 (n=3). Para tener un referente, se elaboró un jamón cocido adicionado con almidón de maíz. La concentración de almidón de plátano y el mayor tiempo de masajeo (30 min), registró relación positiva en el rendimiento del jamón cocido (121.4 ± 0.36 %). La capacidad de retención de agua aumentó de acuerdo con la concentración de almidón y el tiempo de masajeo, independiente del origen del ligante adicionado (almidón de plátano o almidón de maíz). El jamón cocido adicionado con almidón de plátano fue el más aceptado y mejor evaluado. Por lo que, este almidón puede ser utilizado como un aditivo alimentario para la producción del jamón cocido. Non-conventional starches have been successfully used in the formulation of meat products, providing texture and low flavor at a lower cost. The objective here was to evaluate the effect of square banana Musa balbisiana Colla starch on yield, water retention and sensory acceptability in cooked ham. Banana starch (maturity type I) was extracted using a recommended methodology. Cooked ham (with pork meat) was prepared with banana starch. Based on a 22 factorial experimental design: starch concentration (factor A) 10 % and 20 %, and meat massaging time (factor B) of 16 and 30 min, resulting in a total of four treatments: T1, T2, T3 and T4 (n=3). In order to have a reference, a cooked ham was prepared with corn starch added. The concentration of banana starch and the longer massaging time (30 min) were positively related to the yield of cooked ham (121.4 ± 0.36 %). Water retention capacity increased according to starch concentration and massaging time, independent of the origin of the added binder (banana starch or cornstarch). The cooked ham added with banana starch was the most accepted and best evaluated. Therefore, this starch can be used as a food additive to produce cooked ham.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Karissha Fritzi Della ◽  
Mutiara Pratiwi ◽  
Purwa Tri Cahyana ◽  
Maria DPT Gunawan-Puteri

Fried food is convenient for many people due to its pleasant texture and taste. On the other hand, it comes with the risk of high oil absorption which might lead to certain health problems. Resistant starch (RS) has been known to have a functionality of reducing oil absorption. Three different types of banana: Kepok (Musa paradisiaca formatypica), Raja Bulu (Musa paradisiaca L.) and Ambon (Musa paradisiaca L. var sapientum) were evaluated on its performance when utilized as source of resistant starch especially on their application in reducing oil absorption in fried food. Tempeh was used as the food model. Banana starch (RS2) was isolated through water alkaline extraction process, continued with modification process through three repeated cycles of autoclaving-cooling process to obtain the RS3. RS3 was added into the batter coating formulation at three substitution ratios (10%, 30% and 50%) and then used to coat tempeh before frying. Evaluation of resistant starch in batter and battered productwas conducted on the following parameters: fat content, water retention capacity (WRC), coating pick up and sensory analysis. The result of this study revealed that Raja Bulu showed the most effective result on reducing oil absorption in the food tested. In the three bananas used, the ratio of 50% performed best in coating pick up (highest), WRC (highest) and fat content(lowest) parameters, but not significantly different with the 30% ratio. In terms of sensory acceptance, using Raja Bulu as the selected banana type, 30% of substitution ratio was significantly more preferable by the panelists in crispness, oiliness, and overall acceptance attributes compared to control and other substitution ratios.


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