RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF COLLECTIBLE VARIETIES OF PEAS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KIROV REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
S.S. Pislegina ◽  
◽  
S.A. Chetvertnykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of studying the genotypes of peas by a complex of breeding valua-ble traits. The research was carried out in 2014-2021 in accordance with the methodological guidelines of the VIR and the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. The objects of study are 59 collectible varieties of peas of various morphotypes, the standard is the Krasnoufimsky 93 variety (Sverdlovsk region). The aim of the work was to isolate the genetic sources of peas by a set of traits for further use in the breeding process. The weather conditions during the study period were contrasting, which allowed the most objective assessment of the studied samples. Grain yields ranged from 126 g/m2 (2021 g) to 468 g/m2 (2014 g). As a result of the study, varietal samples were determined that significantly exceeded the standard for grain yield. The highest yield on average for 2014-2021 was obtained from samples Tigra (Germany) – 437 g/m2, Stabil (Austria) – 376 g/m2, Grana (USA) – 353 g/m2, G-21594 (Kirov region) – 340 g/m2, G-24596 – 331 g/m2, etc. Genotypes with high indicators of productivity elements were identified. The maximum value of the number of productive nodes was noted in the Serio variety (USA) – 4.6 pcs., the number of beans – in G-21594 (7.5 pcs.), the number of grains – in the Verkholuzskaya variety (Komi Republic, 32.2 pcs.), productivity – in the Stabil variety (6.6 g). Most of the studied genotypes (78%) had a mass of 1000 seeds 150-250 g. The largest seeds were characterized by sample No. 40 (Bulgaria, weight of 1000 seeds 340 g). It was found that the grain yield, the number of productive nodes, beans and grains per plant differed the most in the studied cultivars, the mass of 1000 seeds varied slightly.

scholarly journals Formation of spring barley productivity depending on seed inoculation with a biopreparation and foliar fertilization in the Steppe of Ukraine

Agrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
V. A. Ishchenko ◽  
H. M. Kozelets
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Seed Inoculation

Scientifically substantiated application the elements of technologies with the use of microbiological preparations, macro- and microfertilizers, new growth regulators of plants of organic origin, allows not only to increase grain yields, improve its quality, but also to affect the economic efficiency of spring barley cultivation. Today, biological, growth stimulants are widely used in various types of agricultural crops. They are an effective method of achieving increased productivity, increasing resistance to diseases and pests, which, in turn, makes them attractive to researchers. The introduction of biologically active substances in agricultural practice is impossible without a deep and comprehensive study of their effect on the growth and development of the plant, as it depends on the type of preparation, rate, processing time, varietal characteristics of the crop, and other factors. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effect of biopreparation of phosphorus mobilizing action and foliar fertilization with macro- and microfertilizers on the formation of spring barley productivity at sowing after predecessors of soybean, winter wheat, sunflower, and corn for grain in conditions of unstable soil moisture in Steppe zone. Due to significant fluctuations in weather conditions during the growing season of spring barley, by the bree­ding of ecologically adapted varieties, predecessors and using elements of technology that involve the seed treatment with biopreparations and foliar fertilization in the tillering phase of plants, one can consistently obtain grain yields at 4.32−5.23 t/ha. Improving the nutrient regime of the soil with the use of the preparation Polymyxobacterin based on the growth-stimulating bacterium Paenibacillus polimyxa KB contributed to the improvement of plant nutrition and increased the crop yield of spring barley by 0.17−0.65 t/ha depending on the predecessor. The increase in grain yield of spring barley from the use of foliar fertilizers with macro-and microfertilizers was 0.29−0.41 t/ha. The highest level of grain yield (5.68 and 5.18 t/ha) when sowing spring barley variety Statok after predecessors soybean and sunflower obtained in the trial of inoculation with phosphorus mobilizing preparation Polymyxobacterin and fertilization in the tillering phase with micro-fertilizer Reakom, after grain crops – 5.19 t/ha Polymyxobacterin + CAM 28, N8, after corn for grain – 4.92 t/ha, Polymyxobacterin + Urea, N8. The increase compared to control was 0.83 t/ha, 0.95; 0.83 and 1.25 t/ha respectively, by predecessors. The use of biopreparations based on effective microorganisms should be an integral aspect of modern agriculture, taking into account climate changes. The practical value of using biological preparations for seed inoculation before sowing in combination with foliar fertilization of macro- and microfertilizers in the period of formation of the generative organs is due not only to their efficiency but also the low cost of their use, which is an element of resource-saving technologies and eliminates environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Winter Resistance Of Winter Wheat Under Extreme Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Esbosyn Polatovich Sadykov ◽  
◽  
Biisenbai Aripovich Bekbanov ◽  
Bibinaz Muratbaevna Kosbergenova ◽  
Raikhan Mukhammedovna Aimuratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

The article discusses the issue of frost resistance of varieties and samples of winter wheat sown at different depths, in the extreme conditions of Karakalpakstan. Both a decrease and an excessive deepening of sowing leads to a significant decrease in their resistance to low temperatures, which negatively affects their subsequent survival in the spring-summer period. On the basis of the data, 2 varieties were selected, they turned out to be frost-resistant and differed in good yield and other valuable traits in comparison with the zoned varieties. They were transferred to the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops, under the name "Chimbay" and "Aral".

Analysis of the moisture content of maize kernels in over-ripe plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
T. Árendás ◽  
L. C. Marton ◽  
P. Bónis ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Maize Kernels

The effect of varying weather conditions on the moisture content of the maize grain yield was investigated in Martonvásár, Hungary from late August to late September, and from the 3rd third of September to the 1st third of Novemberbetween 1999 and 2002. In every year a close positive correlation (P=0.1%) could be observed between the moisture content in late September and the rate of drying down in October. Linear regression was used each year to determine the equilibrium moisture content, to which the moisture content of kernels returned if they contained less than this quantity of water in late September and harvesting was delayed. In the experimental years this value ranged from 15.24-19.01%.

HIGH-PROTEIN VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of the analysis of the biochemical composition of selected in the competitive variety testing of new varieties and promising lines of spring barley, studied on the experimental field ISA-branch of FGBNU FNAC VIM in 2016-2018. Result of research in different years of water availability among the rooms was allocated a group of high-protein barley with improved feed value: 4 varieties, 2 of which are on the state variety testing, and 2 promising lines. The range of variation of protein content in the grain of the selected samples varied from 13.1 to 14.5 %, lysine – from 0.48 to 0.52 %, weight of 1000 grains-from 48.0 to 53.5 g. According to the data obtained the highest value of protein in grain was observed in krupnosortnogo varieties Zlatoyar (GSI), amounting on average for 14.5 %. The increase was equal to 1.1% in relation to the control variety Yaromir. With an average yield of 6.52 t/ha in the years of research grade Accounting have provided protein per hectare in the amount of 0,94 t/ha. A new variety Sudar´ (GSI) and breeding line 149/4-12 h 788 and 129/1-14 h 907 this indicator has been less productive, however, exceeded the grade Yaromir 0.10 to 0.16 t/ha. Given the higher productivity of new promising varieties and breeding lines, the collection of lysine per unit area they have 12.7, 30.8 per cent was higher than that of the Promej class and 10.6-23.6% more than in the variety Yaromir, which indicates their high biological value. Selected hulless line 1137 h is also an encouraging source of protein and other nutrients of plant origin. The selected lines and new varieties, regardless of weather conditions, were able to ensure the production of high-protein and sources' grain for feed purposes, while maintaining productivity.

Evaluation of parental raspberry breeding forms for fruit size

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
M. A. Podgaetskiy ◽  
S. N. Evdokimenko
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Berry Size

Te article tackles the feasibility of improving the raspberry fruit size as an important production and marketability factor. Te trials included 22 domestic and foreign cultivars, 11 selected forms of raspberry, as well as ten cross-breeding combinations and three open-pollinated forms. Te assessment of parental forms and hybrids was carried out at the collection and breeding sites of the Kokino base station of Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery during 2016-2020. Fruits were harvested from regular cultivar bushes every 2 days in triplicate. Te average weight was determined per 100 berries in each replicate. Cultivars and hybrids were divided into three groups, small- (3.6 g). Te average berry weight in hybrid nurslings was estimated per plant. Each plant was sampled with 30 berries. Weighing was performed with an SCC-750 electronic scales device. Te weather conditions of the trial period were contrast, allowing a more objective assessment of the collection and breeding raspberry material by berry weight. Te following cultivars were identified as the sources of improved berry size in the parental form trials: Maria, Cascade Delight, Fenomen, Lavina, Cowichan, Patricia, Laczka, Glen Ample and selections 2-115-1, 8-13-2, 18-11-3, 18-11-2, 2-90-2 and 2-90-3. Tese forms had an average trial-period berry weight of 3.7-4.3 g least affected by weather conditions. Te inspection of hybrids revealed the best parental forms for obtaining new raspberry cultivars with an improved berry weight: Maria, Fenomen, Lavina, Cowichan, Glen Ample and the selected form 8-13-2. Te promising cross-combinations are: 2-12-1 x Fenomen, Lavina x Ulybka, 8-13-2 x Peresvet, as well as the open-pollinated offspring of Glen Ample, Cowichan and Maria. Large-fruited genotypes isolated in these lineages will be used in further breeding to increase the fruit size in raspberry.

Effects of precision planting patterns and irrigation on winter wheat yields and water productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. M. MAO ◽  
W. W. ZHONG ◽  
X. Y. WANG ◽  
X. B. ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Precision Planting

SUMMARYThe production of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is affected by crop population structures and field microclimates. This 3-year study assessed the effect of different precision planting patterns and irrigation conditions on relative humidity (RH), air and soil temperature within the canopy, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (iPAR), evapotranspiration (ET), water productivity (WP) and grain yields. Field experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2014 on a two-factor split-plot design with three replicates. The experiments involved three precision planting patterns (single row, alternating single and twin rows [hereafter ‘single–twin’] and twin row) and three irrigation treatments (0 mm (I0), 90 mm (I90) and 180 mm (I180)). Planting patterns and irrigation treatments exerted a significant effect on RH, air and soil temperature, iPAR, ET, WP and grain yield. The lowest RH and iPAR levels were detected in the single row pattern. When the irrigation treatment was identical, the highest soil and air temperatures were detected in the single row pattern, followed by the single–twin row and twin row patterns. Compared with the single row, the single–twin and twin row patterns increased ET by 0·3 and 1·4, WP by 4·7 and 5·7% and yields by 6·0 and 7·9%, respectively. Compared with I0, the I90 and I180 irrigation treatments increased ET by 0·3 and 1·4%, and WP by 4·7 and 5·7%, respectively. The grain yields of the twin row pattern were 5·8 and 1·7% higher than those of the single row and single–twin row patterns, respectively. Compared with I0, I90 increased yield by 19·3%. The twin row pattern improved crop structure and farmland microclimate by increasing RH and iPAR, and reducing soil and air temperatures, thus increasing grain yield. These results indicated that a twin row pattern effectively improved grain yield at I0. On the basis of iPAR, WP and grain yield, it was concluded that a twin row pattern combined with an I90 irrigation treatment provided optimal cropping conditions for the North China plain.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) as influenced by Row-Spacing and Period of Weed interference in South-West Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adigun ◽  
A. O. Osipitan ◽  
Segun Toyosi Lagoke ◽  
Raphael Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Stephen Olaoluwa Afolami
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Weed Removal

Weed problem appears to be the most deleterious factor causing between 25 and 60% reduction in potential yield of cowpea. Field trials were therefore conducted to study the effect of inter-row spacing and period of weed interference on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07° 15'; 03° 25' E) in South Western Nigeria during the early and late wet seasons of 2009. The experiment consisted of eight main plots of weed interference which included initial weed removal for 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) and subsequently weed –infested until harvest as well as initial weed infestation for corresponding periods and thereafter kept weed free until harvest. There were also sub-plot treatments of three inter-row spacing of 60, 75, and 90 cm. All treatments in different combinations were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. In both trials, the use of inter-row spacing of 60 cm resulted in significant reduction in weed growth as evident in lower weed dry matter production and subsequent higher cowpea pod and grain yields than those of 75 and 90 cm inter-row spacing. Initial weed infestation of up to 3 WAS did not have any adverse effect on crop growth and cowpea grain yields provided the weeds were subsequently removed. On the other hand, cowpea grain yield loss was not significantly averted by keeping the crop weed free for only 3 WAS without subsequent weed removal. In this study, initial weed-infestation for 6 WAS and beyond significantly depressed various crop growth parameter and cowpea grain yield compared with the crop kept weed free throughout its life cycle. In order to obtain optimum yields similar to that of the weed free cowpea field, it was required to keep the crop weed free for 6 WAS and beyond. However, frequent weeding beyond 9 weeks after sowing did not improve cowpea yield significantly and as a matter of fact it may even result in reduction of cowpea grain yield due to mechanical damage of hoe weeding. The practical implication of this finding is that early weeding starting from 3 WAS is very crucial for cowpea production while the critical period of weed removal for optimum yield in cowpea is between 3 and 9 WAS in the forest-savannah transitional zone of south Western Nigeria.

scholarly journals Improving Biomass and Grain Yield Prediction of Wheat GenoTypes on Sodic Soil Using Integrated High-Resolution MultiSpectral, Hyperspectral, 3D Point Cloud, and Machine Learning Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3482
Author(s):  
Malini Roy Choudhury ◽  
Sumanta Das ◽  
Jack Christopher ◽  
Armando Apan ◽  
Scott Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
3D Point Cloud ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Proximal Sensing ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Yields

Sodic soils adversely affect crop production over extensive areas of rain-fed cropping worldwide, with particularly large areas in Australia. Crop phenotyping may assist in identifying cultivars tolerant to soil sodicity. However, studies to identify the most appropriate traits and reliable tools to assist crop phenotyping on sodic soil are limited. Hence, this study evaluated the ability of multispectral, hyperspectral, 3D point cloud, and machine learning techniques to improve estimation of biomass and grain yield of wheat genotypes grown on a moderately sodic (MS) and highly sodic (HS) soil sites in northeastern Australia. While a number of studies have reported using different remote sensing approaches and crop traits to quantify crop growth, stress, and yield variation, studies are limited using the combination of these techniques including machine learning to improve estimation of genotypic biomass and yield, especially in constrained sodic soil environments. At close to flowering, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground-based proximal sensing was used to obtain remote and/or proximal sensing data, while biomass yield and crop heights were also manually measured in the field. Grain yield was machine-harvested at maturity. UAV remote and/or proximal sensing-derived spectral vegetation indices (VIs), such as normalized difference vegetation index, optimized soil adjusted vegetation index, and enhanced vegetation index and crop height were closely corresponded to wheat genotypic biomass and grain yields. UAV multispectral VIs more closely associated with biomass and grain yields compared to proximal sensing data. The red-green-blue (RGB) 3D point cloud technique was effective in determining crop height, which was slightly better correlated with genotypic biomass and grain yield than ground-measured crop height data. These remote sensing-derived crop traits (VIs and crop height) and wheat biomass and grain yields were further simulated using machine learning algorithms (multitarget linear regression, support vector machine regression, Gaussian process regression, and artificial neural network) with different kernels to improve estimation of biomass and grain yield. The artificial neural network predicted biomass yield (R2 = 0.89; RMSE = 34.8 g/m2 for the MS and R2 = 0.82; RMSE = 26.4 g/m2 for the HS site) and grain yield (R2 = 0.88; RMSE = 11.8 g/m2 for the MS and R2 = 0.74; RMSE = 16.1 g/m2 for the HS site) with slightly less error than the others. Wheat genotypes Mitch, Corack, Mace, Trojan, Lancer, and Bremer were identified as more tolerant to sodic soil constraints than Emu Rock, Janz, Flanker, and Gladius. The study improves our ability to select appropriate traits and techniques in accurate estimation of wheat genotypic biomass and grain yields on sodic soils. This will also assist farmers in identifying cultivars tolerant to sodic soil constraints.

scholarly journals Features of biology and seminal productivity of biotypes of initial material of Psathyrostachys juncea (Russian wildrye) in Southern Middle Siberia

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
V. F. Kadorkina ◽  
M. S. Shevtsova
Keyword(s):  
Initial Material ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Application Programs ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance and methods. In the conditions of southern mid-Siberia, biological features and seed productivity of 26 biotypes of the nursery of the initial material of the Psathyrostachys juncea (Russian wildrye) of 2015 sowing are presented. The work was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines on the selection of fodder crops and the methodology of the State Commission for Crop Testing and Statistical Data Processing — using the package of application programs "Snedecor," and B.A. Dospehova (1985), in the Excel program.Results. Phenological observations made it possible to determine the period of passage of the phases of development of samples of the slice collector from sprouts to caking, exit into the tube and shingling. The greatest stability of uniform growth from the period of spring growth to colossal is observed in biotype — K 12. Quick-ripe biotypes K 1, K 4, K 5, K 9, K 12, K 16, K 24 period from the beginning of vegetation to seed ripening is 65–75 days. Biotypes K 1, K 3, K 5, K 12, K 18 are noted by number of productive stems, length of colos, weight of seeds from 1 plant.

scholarly journals Efecto de la época y tipo de limpia en el frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) de humedad residual.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Valentín A. Esqueda ◽  
Arturo Durán ◽  
Ernesto López
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Central Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Very High

Three experiments were carried out in the central area of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, during the Fall-Winter seasons of 1989-90, 1991-92 and 1992-93. The main objective was to determine the effect of the time and type of weeding on the yield of residual moisture growing beans. Twelve treatments, arranged in a CRBD with four replications were evaluated. Treatments consisted in hoeing at different times. In some treatments, hoeing was complemented with hand-weeding. The highest grain yields were obtained when the weeds were eliminated at least in two ocations during the early stages of development of the crop. The yield of these treatments was significantly higher than that obtained with the traditional weeding practice (hoeing at 25 days after emergence).Handweeding after hoeing increased grain yields at high weed densities,but when the weed density was not very high, handweeding after hoeing made no difference. The increase in grain yield obtained when two weeding operations were performed instead of one, was sufficient to cover for the expenses of this additional practice and to generate economic profits.

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