NARRATIVE REVIEW TANAMAN YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI IMMUNOMODULATOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53
Author(s):  
Winda Trisna Wulandari ◽  
Gina Nur Fitria Mulyana Putri ◽  
Hisni Nurul Fajri ◽  
Indah Alvina Damayanti ◽  
Silvia Rahmawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
The World ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Red Ginger

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) is an infectious disease caused by the acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. Currently, the COVID-19 disease outbreak is experienced by various countries around the world, including Indonesia. In overcoming it, there are several ways of deterrence that can be done, such as by increasing the body's immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining immunity is something that needs to be considered. In addition to vitamins, herbal plants that have the potential as immunomodulators can also be consumed. Therefore, through efforts to improve theimmune system, this review aims to obtain plants that have the potential as immunomodulators to enhance the immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method in the review used journals available online at Google Scholar with Sinta or Garuda accredited journals. The main focus of this review is herbal plants that have a role as an immunomodulator that can improve the body's immune system. The journals used are journals published in 2011-2021 with inclusion criteria, namely using Indonesian or English about plants that have the potential as immunomodulators, then the journalsobtained are analyzed. The results obtained were 30 types of plants that have potential as immune system enhancers including Dayak Onion Tubers, Papaya Leaves, Kecombrang Fruits, Pineapple Fruits, Kesambi, Soursop Leaves, Purslane, Garlic, Dates, Celery Leaves, Andaliman, Mahkota Dewa Fruit. , Moringa, Meniran, Noni Fruit, Gotu Kola, Sambiloto, Kiseureuh, Javanese Chili, Tempuyung Leaves, Basil Leaves, Ceplukan, Seaweed, Neem Leaves, Red Betel Leaf, Salam Leaves, Guava, Turmeric, Lime and Red Ginger Rhizome with compounds that act as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids,xeronin, tannins, quersentin, -tocopherol, lycopene, catechins, diterpenoids, deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide, epicatechin isothiocyanate and curcumin. Keywords: COVID-19, Potency of Immumodulator Plants, Flavonoids

scholarly journals A Review on Medicinal Plants Withania somnifera and Nyctanthes arbortristis: Boosting of Immune System During SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1538-1546
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Surface Receptor ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Immune Booster

The worldwide epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 has created a panic situation in human beings. Covid-19 viruses spread infections into the specific human cells through cell-surface receptor ACE2 and start viral replication speedily inside the human body. The action of antibodies can reduce the entry of the virus into the cell by binding with the spike head and prevent to connect with ACE2 receptor. Many types of research are going to find the exact vaccine to control the spread of this virus. But still, now there is no vaccine and specific medicine invented still now, which is a big headache across the world. At this pandemic period, boosting of the immune system is the best way to fight against this virus. From ancient times, Ayurved is known as the best immune booster for animals and mammals. The herbal plants, such as Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. And Withania somnifera has excellent immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, inhibition of oxidants, carcinopreventive properties with important chemicals like Withaferins, different alkaloids, steroids, amino acids. This review is based on a brief discussion of the pharmacological behaviors, active ingredients, and potential therapeutic applications of these medicinal plants.

PERAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Cindy Ayustin Noya ◽  
Angkit Kinasih ◽  
Venti Agustina ◽  
R.Rr Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan  peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya.   Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION    ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI. Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections

Dakwah Melalui Pengajian Pasaran Kitab al-Hikam di Pondok Pesantren Azzainiyyah Sukabumi

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-248
Author(s):  
Asep Saepul Malik
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
The World

Kegiatan dakwah ialah suatu aktivitas yang mendorong umat manusia untuk memperkuat keyakinannya kepada Allah SWT dan agar umat yang belum memeluk ajaran Islam juga dapat memeluk ajaran agama Islam dengan menggunakan cara yang bijaksana melalui materi ajaran syariat Islam, supaya mereka mendapatkan kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat. Pengajian pasaran kitab al-Hikam ialah suatu kegiatan dakwah yang di pimpin langsung oleh sesepuh pondok pesantren azzayniyyah ialah KH. Aang Abdullah Zein. Pengajian kitab al-Hikam ini di dalamnya membahas tentang permasalahan kehidupan manusia seperti masalah hati (qolbu), akhlak, iman, dan Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui penyampayan dakwah melalui pengajian pasaran kitab al-Hikam di pondok pesantren azzayniyyah dan untuk mengetahui pesan-pesan dakwah yang ada di dalam kitab al-Hikam. Landasan teori yang digunakan ialah teori M. Munir tentang dakwah bil-Lisan al-Hal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif, ialah dengan menggambarkan keadaan sebenarnya melalui pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi, dan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dakwah melalui pengajian pasaran kitab al-Hikam yang di lakukan oleh KH. Aang Abdullah Zein di anggap cukup berhasil, karena jamaah memberikan respon yang baik atau positif dan jamaah yang hadir setiap bulan slalu meningkat atau lebih banyak.Da'wah activity is an activity that encourages mankind to strengthen his belief in Allah SWT and so that people who have not embraced the teachings of Islam can also embrace the teachings of Islam by using a wise way through Islamic teaching material, so that they get happiness in the world and the hereafter. Study of the market of the book al-Hikam is a missionary activity led directly by the azzayniyyah boarding school elders is KH. Aang Abdullah Zein. This study of al-Hikam in it discusses the problems of human life such as the problem of the heart (qolbu), morals, faith, and Islam.  Thep of this study is to determine the delivery of da'wah through the study of the market of the book al-Hikam in azzayniyyah boarding school and to find out the messages of da'wah in the book of al-Hikam. The cornerstone of the theory used is M. Munir's theory about the da'wah bil-Lisan al-Hal. This research method uses descriptive, is to describe the actual situation through data collection conducted using interview techniques, documentation, and literature. The results of this study indicate that preaching through the study of the book market al-Hikam conducted by KH. Aang Abdullah Zein was considered quite successful, because worshipers gave good or positive responses and worshipers who were present every month always increased or more.

THE EFFECT OF SELF CONFIDENCE, QUALITY EDUCATION AND FAMILY ENVIRONMENT ON INDONESIAN YOUTH IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Novita Novita ◽  
Damar Aji Irawan ◽  
Benyamin Suwitorahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

The biggest challenge faced by students nowadays and in the future, is how to deal with the increasingly high competition in the world, the increasing number of undergraduate and limited job opportunities. In this kind of situations, the students had to find a creative way and change the approach of being a university graduate looking for a job, to become scholars who can create their own jobs, or even able to create jobs for others. The purpose of this study was to determine the youth interest on entrepreneurship in Indonesia. It seems that the youth are unaware to see that the job is increasingly difficult to find nowadays. So through this study, researchers wanted to find out what causes youth in Indonesia, reluctant to become an entrepreneur. While being an entrepreneur, the youth can open or create jobs for others and can reduce the level of unemployment in Indonesia. Self-confidence is an important factor in entrepreneurship. Family environment and quality education also participate in creating interest for youth in entrepreneurship. This research is using basic research method; where researchers will try to link the theories of the existing variables. Thus, researchers can conduct research by distributing questionnaires to the youth throughout Indonesia. This study aims to determine the cause of Indonesian youth lack of interest in entrepreneurship.

PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES USED IN BURGER KING’S INSTAGRAM POSTS CAPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Yeremia Yori Rudito ◽  
Anita
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Fast Food Restaurant ◽  
Rhetorical Question ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Inclusive Language ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Burger King is the one of the most successful fast food restaurant in the world. According to Wikipedia, there are 17,796 locations of Burger King all over the world in 2018. Burger King also has its Instagram account. Now this account has been followed by 1,6 million people and has posted 938 posts. That statistic shows that Burger King is active in social media especially in Instagram platform. The writer see the indication of the using of Persuasive Strategies because in promoting their product. In this research the writer wants to know the persuasive strategies that applied in Burger King’s Instagram post caption and the most used strategy. This research applied Qualitative Method as research method. This research has two findings, first, there are 13 strategies that appear in Burger King’s Instagram post caption they are, Anecdote, Assonance, Cliché, Connotation, Evidence, Everyday/Colloquial Language, Hyperbole, Imagery, Inclusive Language, Pun, Repetition, Rhetorical Question, and Simile. Second, the most used strategy is Everyday/Colloquial Language.

Immunomodulatory Effect of “Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy” to Cure or Prevent Hospital Acquired (Nosocomial) Infections due to Clostridium difficile (C. diff), other Pathogenic Bacteria, and Autoimmune Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3937-3949
Author(s):  
Malireddy S Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The worldwide popularity of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to treat or prevent the hospital acquired infections (nosocomial infections) arose a great interest in the medical community around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2016; 2017). The following questions were raised on this subject: Does Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics directly inhibit the pathogenic bacteria (C. diff) in the gastrointestinal tract or indirectly through modulation of the host immune system or both? To be more specific, what is the exact and/or hypothetical mechanism at molecular level behind the breakthrough discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy?  To answer these questions, the specific immunomodulation regulatory functions of the individual Probiotic strains (on host) have beenresearched, investigated andoutlined in this article.  A detailed explanation(s) and hypotheses have been proposed outlining the possible cumulativedirect bacteriological and indirect immunomodulatory effects (at the molecular level) of the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics used in Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to successfully treat C. diff infection.  A detailed scientific and research attempts were made to correlate the Probiotic induced immune activities in relation to the reduction of the symptoms associated with the hospital acquired Clostridium difficile infection during and after the Multiple Mixed Strain Probioitc Therapy.  Results of the clinical trials, microbiological tests on feces, and the clinical blood tests significantly revealed that the reasons for the success of Dr. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy are multifold. Presumably, it is predominantly due to the immunomodulatory effect they have exerted on the host immune system along with the direct inhibition of C. diff bacteria by multiple Probiotics, due to the production of bacteriocins, lactic acid and nutritional competency.In addition, the size of the individual cells of the Probiotic strains in the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics and their significant effect on immunomodulation has been thoroughly discussed. Results clearly proved that if Probiotics are absent in the GI tract during C. diff infection, the chances of patient survival is zero.  This is because of the excess immune stimulation and incurable damage to the epithelial cell barrier of the gastrointestinal tract caused by C. diff bacteria.  The results also revealed, without any doubt, as of to-datethe latest discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy is the best way to cure the deadly hospital acquired infections affecting millions of people around the world, with high degree of mortality.  This has been attested by several practicng medical professionals and scientists around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2017).

scholarly journals An outline of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the complement cascade of immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmalochan Hembram
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 19 is a viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It was first notified in Wuhan, China, is now spread into numerous part of the world. Thus, the world needs urgent support and encouragement to develop a vaccine or antiviral treatments to combat the atrocious outbreak. Main body of the abstract The origin of this virus is yet unknown; however, rapid transmission from human-to-human “Anthroponosis” has widely confirmed. The world is witnessing a continuous hike in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19, we have aimed to highlight the basic and vital information about the novel coronavirus. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, timeline and its pathophysiological properties which would be an aid for the development of therapeutic molecules and antiviral drugs. Immune system plays a crucial role in virus infection in order to control but may have dark side when becomes uncontrollable. The host and SARS-CoV-2 interaction describe how the virus exploits host machinery and how overactive host immune response can cause disease severity also addressed in this review. Short conclusion Safe and effective vaccines may be the game-changing tools, but in the near future wearing mask, washing hands at regular intervals, avoiding crowed, maintaining physical distancing and hygienic surrounding, must be good practices to reduce and break the transmission chain. Still, research is ongoing not only on how vaccines protect against disease, but also against infection and transmission.

scholarly journals Trapped Between Two Pandemics: Domestic Violence Cases Under COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110221
Author(s):  
Endurance Uzobo ◽  
Aboluwaji D Ayinmoro
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biomed Central ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Background As it is common with the most devastating events in the world, women always seem to be at the most disadvantage position. This situation manifested during the period of COVID-19 lockdown throughout the world and Africa in particular. The purpose of this study is to explore Domestic Violence (DV) cases in African during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data for this study were gleaned from an electronic literature search using various databases PubMed and BioMed Central, Web of Science, etc. Key search words were gender DV during and after COVID-19. A total of 68 records were identified during the search. However, only 46 of these sources met the inclusion criteria. Results From the review done in selected African countries which include Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe; it was discovered that COVID-19 lockdown across these countries worsens the already existing cases of DV. The study also noted that generally, the response of the government has been very poor in terms of dealing with DV cases in the period of COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusion The study concluded that despite the failures of government in tackling the DV pandemics, NGOs have been very active in championing the cause of those violated while also trying to provide succour to victims. Thus, the study recommended that countries in Africa need to join international initiatives in prioritising DV cases while trying to deal with the virus itself. Thus, one disease should not be traded for another.

scholarly journals Pivoting the Plant Immune System from Dissection to Deployment

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6147) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery L. Dangl ◽  
Diana M. Horvath ◽  
Brian J. Staskawicz
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Plant Immune System ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Molecular Components

Diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens cause plant diseases and epidemics that threaten crop yield and food security around the world. Research over the last 25 years has led to an increasingly clear conceptual understanding of the molecular components of the plant immune system. Combined with ever-cheaper DNA-sequencing technology and the rich diversity of germ plasm manipulated for over a century by plant breeders, we now have the means to begin development of durable (long-lasting) disease resistance beyond the limits imposed by conventional breeding and in a manner that will replace costly and unsustainable chemical controls.

Terapie z udziałem zwierząt w leczeniu i rehabilitacji chorych i niepełnosprawnych

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Giermaziak ◽  
Iwona Fryzowska-Chrobot
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Noradrenaline Release ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Assisted Therapy ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
The World ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Endogenous Substances

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) – supports rehabilitation as well as therapy and care of patients by their contact with an animal. Fondling and hugging animals lead to endocrine system’s stimulation and producing endogenous substances, that relieve pain and influence patient’s well-being; it reduces stress levels because the cortisol and noradrenaline release – the hormones produced by the body in stress – is being reduced and the patient’s immune system is being stimulated. It has been proven that the company of animals hasten the recovery after a disease, calms stressed, hyperactive people and at the same time stimulates the activity of a person suffering from depression or apathy. In Poland the most popular is dog-assisted therapy, hippotherapy (horse-assisted therapy) and felinotherapy (cat-assisted therapy). In the world onotherapy (donkey or mule-assisted therapy) and dolphin therapy are known. In the article animal assisted therapies were discussed, showing the role that they play in treatment and rehabilitation of sick and disabled.

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