scholarly journals Durability of vitreous enamel coatings and their resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and corrosion: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Rossi ◽  
Francesca Russo ◽  
Massimo Calovi
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Barrier Effect ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Vitreous Enamel ◽  
Good Product ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Product Protection ◽  
Protection Property

Abstract Vitreous enamels represent a class of coatings with different technological properties, mainly appreciated for the protection they guarantee to the covered substrates. This review introduces enamel coatings, describing their production technologies and presenting the main properties affecting the enamel’s durability. Firstly, this review article introduces the most important studies regarding the improvement in abrasion resistance, highlighting both successes and failures. Afterward, the work reveals an outlook about the resistance to chemicals, underlining the good resistance of enamels toward acidic chemicals and discussing the results of studies aimed to improve their performances toward alkaline solutions. This review also considers the corrosion protection property of enamels, highlighting the high barrier effect they provide against the absorption of aggressive substances toward metal substrates. Finally, new perspectives and possible future research paths are presented, being aware that this kind of coating offers both good product protection and functional integrity over time.

Recent Developments on Life Cycle Assessment of Building Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 1534-1544
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Li Wei Hao ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Lca Case Studies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Green Manufacture

In recent years, the building materials industry in China has made great progress in the R&D of energy conservation, emission reduction and cleaner production technologies, in order to implement sustainable development policy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the mainstream method to analyze the environmental impact of product during its life cycle, which plays an important role on ecological design of building materials and development of green manufacture technology in recent year. This paper reviewed the LCA studies of building materials. Firstly, the development of China's building materials industry and technical framework of LCA standardized by ISO14040/14044 were introduced. Moreover, the typical LCA case studies of cement, glass, ceramics, wall materials, insulation materials and other building materials were reviewed. At last, some prospects for future research and development in this field were put forward.

Application of Integrated Methods to Improve the Technological Properties of Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Fedoseev ◽  
D.V. Valuev ◽  
R.A. Mamadaliev ◽  
P.N. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Powder Materials ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
New Production ◽  
Ultrafine Structure ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Integrated Methods ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Getting a new generation of materials, advancing by its qualities world counterparts, among the most important objectives of the creation of scientific and technical groundwork in various fields of science and technology. Particular attention is paid to technological metals and their alloys; materials having the fine and ultrafine structure, single crystal, amorphous and powder materials. The preparation of such materials is possible thanks to new production technologies, modern equipment and the use of costly additives or use of technologies with application of complex measures for these materials. One way to obtain the desired technological properties is the use of complex natural materials. This method is cheaper compared to other costs, and requires no additional equipment, as well as lower costs of preparatory. For more efficient use of these components is necessary to preliminary processing, which will improve the effect of the use of steel in the modification. The type of treatment can be varied by mechanical activation powder to extract individual components. As a result of a series of studies on the impact modifiers to change the structure and properties of steel were detected changes in the structure; in particular the number of non-metallic inclusions was reduced.Heat treatment allows improving effect of modifying the structure of steel and the items received.

scholarly journals Envisioning Design Futures via Practice-led Speculative Design Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Tober
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maker Movement ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Commercial Potential ◽  
True Value ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Speculative Design ◽  
Pure Research ◽  
The Maker Movement

Some criticisms of the contemporary maker movement (referring to the democratization of various production technologies) have conflated the validity of the making arising from this movement with the utility / commercial potential of said making. However, like pure research in traditional disciplines, the true value of exploratory making—of which practice-led research is a part—without immediate utility or application is in the development of a base for future research to build upon. This paper both establishes a context and proposes a framework for practice-led speculative design research, which positions the designer as an instigator whose work can inform that of both other designers and non-designers (such as those engaged in the maker movement). Such work holds the power to chart the course and ensure the future of the discipline as a whole, and thus should be viewed as an essential component of disciplinary activity. 

COMPLEX TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
V. А. Panfilov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

The article is devoted to some aspects of creating very complex technological systems in the agroindustrial complex of Russia. The foreseeable developments of these systems are in the focus of attention, which allows them to be referred to agro-complexes for the mass production of basic types of food. The growing complexity of APC technologies is seen as a dialectical inevitability in their development, which simultaneously leads to a simplification of the functioning of all processes in the agro-complex. The range of issues under discussion includes the urgency and expediency of creating system technological complexes in the agroindustrial complex, their structure and structure, the system regularities of these complexes, as well as the issues of constant renewal through innovations that need to be planned. This concerns the ties of subordination and cooperation, the modernization of production technologies and processing of agricultural products, the introduction of new equipment and computer technology. The issue of transition to cognition of very complex technological systems is considered, which is connected with the development of methods for comprehension of new types of complexity and methods for its overcoming. The forecasted appearance of the system complex "Agrarian-food technology" in the form of a block diagram is described in detail, as well as the components of the expected effect of its functioning. The expediency of the requirements of processing industries to the technological properties of agricultural products is substantiated. The scientific and organizational conditions for the dynamism of the development of agro-industrial complex technologies are formulated.

scholarly journals Essential Oils in Stored Product Insect Pest Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Campolo ◽  
Giulia Giunti ◽  
Agatino Russo ◽  
Vincenzo Palmeri ◽  
Lucia Zappalà
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Product Protection ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Research Studies

Among botanical extracts used as insecticides, essential oils (EOs) are promising alternatives to chemical insecticides. EOs are synthesized by plants, and they play a key role in plant signaling processes including also attractiveness toward pollinators and beneficial insects. Plant species producing essential oils (over 17,000 species) are called aromatic plants and are distributed worldwide. Our review aims to evaluate research studies published in the last 15 years concerning the use of EOs in stored product protection. More than 50% of the retrieved manuscripts have been published by authors from Eastern countries (Iran, China, India, and Pakistan), investigating different aspects related to insect pest management (exposure route, effect on the target pest, and mode of action). Coleoptera was the most studied insect order (85.41%) followed by Lepidoptera (11.49%), whereas few studies targeted new emerging pests (e.g., Psocoptera). Almost all the trials were carried out under laboratory conditions, while no experiments were conducted under real operating conditions. Future research studies concerning the use of EOs as insecticides should focus on the development of insecticide formulations which could be successfully applied to different production realities.

scholarly journals Knowledge Domain and Emerging Trends in Vinegar Research: A Bibliometric Review of the Literature from WoSCC

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Xiang-Long Zhang ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Meng-Lei Xia ◽  
Ya-Nan Wu ◽  
Xiao-Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Production Technologies

Vinegar is one of the most widely used acidic condiments. In recent decades, rapid advances have been made in the area of vinegar research, and the intellectual structure pertaining to this domain has significantly evolved. Thus, it is important that scientists keep abreast of associated developments to ensure an appropriate understanding of this field. To facilitate this current study, a bibliometric analysis method was adopted to visualize the knowledge map of vinegar research based on literature data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. In total, 883 original research and review articles from between 1998 and 2019 with 19,663 references were analyzed by CiteSpace. Both a macroscopical sketch and microscopical characterization of the whole knowledge domain were realized. According to the research contents, the main themes that underlie vinegar research can be divided into six categories, that is, microorganisms, substances, health functions, production technologies, adjuvant medicines, and vinegar residues. In addition to the latter analysis, emerging trends and future research foci were predicted. Finally, the evolutionary stage of vinegar research was discerned according to Shneider’s four-stage theory. This review will help scientists to discern the dynamic evolution of vinegar research, as well as highlight areas for future research.

scholarly journals Preparation, Bioactivities and Applications in Food Industry of Chitosan-Based Maillard Products: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Huijuan Yang ◽  
Yuyu Zhang ◽  
Fang Zhou ◽  
Juanjuan Guo ◽  
Jiajie Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Further Development

Chitosan, a biopolymer possessing numerous interesting bioactivities and excellent technological properties, has received great attention from scientists in different fields including the food industry, pharmacy, medicine, and environmental fields. A series of recent studies have reported exciting results about improvement of the properties of chitosan using the Maillard reaction. However, there is a lack of a systemic review about the preparation, bioactivities and applications in food industry of chitosan-based Maillard reaction products (CMRPs). The presence of free amino groups in chitosan allows it to acquire some stronger or new functional properties via the Maillard reaction. The present review aims to focus on the current research status of synthesis, optimization and structural identification of CMRPs. The applications of CMRPs in the food industry are also discussed according to their biological and technological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and inducing conformational changes of allergens in food. Some promising directions for future research are proposed in this review, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the further development of chitosan and its derivatives.

scholarly journals Technogenic Zinc Usage Possibilities Investigation for Gold Cementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Naumov K.D. ◽  
Lobanov V.G. ◽  
Zelyah Y.D. ◽  
Yakornov S.A. ◽  
Skopin D.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Zinc Powders ◽  
Cyanide Solutions

<p>Industrial dusts with high zinc content are formed in nonferrous and ferrous metals metallurgy. Hydrometallurgical processing of such dusts can be used. In this case, alkaline solutions with high impurities content are formed. It is possible to produce zinc powder with different technological properties by electroextraction from mentioned alkaline solutions. This work describes investigation of zinc powders usage possibilities to gold cementation from cyanide solutions.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization and Bioaccessibility Assessment of Bioactive Compounds from Umbu (Spondias tuberosa A.) Fruit Peel and Pulp Flours

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2597
Author(s):  
Laís B. Cangussu ◽  
Pãmella Fronza ◽  
Adriana S. Franca ◽  
Leandro S. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Spondias Tuberosa

Umbu, a common fruit from the northeastern region of Brazil, contains many bioactive compounds not yet exploited. Thus, this study evaluated the potential of pulps and peels of mature and semi-mature umbu as a source of bioactive compounds. Trigonelline contents ranged from 1.75 to 6.14 mg/100 g, values higher than those of many vegetables described in the literature, such as corn and barley. The contents of extractable and non-extractable phenolic compounds were also higher than those of other vegetables. Bioaccessibility of total extractable phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins was determined (15.67–37.73%, 31.87–39.10% and 18.81–114.27%, respectively). The constituent polysaccharides of the pulp and peel were tentatively chemically characterized as arabinoxylans, arabinogalactans, rhamnoarabinogalactans, xyloglucans, and pectin of the rhamnogalacturonan type. The technological potential of peel flours was evaluated. The maturation advancement showed no significant changes in the technological properties of the flours, except for color and water solubility index. Results indicated excellent prospects for future research on umbu pulps and peels as potential sources of natural bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Milk production process, quality and technological properties of milk for the use of various types of milking machines

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51336
Author(s):  
Mariia Lutsenko ◽  
Oksana Halai ◽  
Victor Legkoduh ◽  
Iryna Lastovska ◽  
Oleksandr Borshch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Milk Ejection Reflex ◽  
Parallel Type

Studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of using easy-assembled cow houses in modern milk production technologies for the use of high-productive milking plants of the type ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’ with 32 machines each. It has been established that new types of premises not only provide comfortable conditions for the maintenance of highly productive cows, but also reduce the labor costs for their maintenance and, most importantly, allow the use of modern high-productive milking installations of the type ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’. It has been established that the technology of preparation of cows for milking and milking technology provides more complete display of the milk ejection reflex at the installation of the ‘Parallel’ type. The average intensity of cows’ milk flows at this plant is 30% higher compared to those of the installation of ‘Carousel’ type, which is confirmed by the intensity of milk flow production at the first minute of milking, which is at the level of 2.97 against 1.85 kg min.-1 per installation of ‘Carousel’ type. Milk obtained using a milking installation of the ‘Parallel’ type has higher values of the mass fraction of fat and protein that is associated with the genetic potential of animals. According to physical, chemical and technological properties, milk obtained from milking installations such as ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’ is within the limits of the standards in force. Milk obtained from the use of milking equipment such as ‘Carousel’ has higher electrical conductivity at the level of 4.6 mS cm-3, which is confirmed by a higher level of mastitis disease of cows. Due to bacterial contamination, reductase test and milk clot characteristic, milk obtained using a milk installation of ‘Parallel’ type also has higher quality indicators than the installation of ‘Carousel’ type. But according to the complex of indicators, milk obtained from various technologies of milking refers to the desired cheese-making class.

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