The relationship between CD204 M2-polarized tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and microglial activation in glioblastoma microenvironment: a novel immune checkpoint receptor target

Abstract Background Tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered dominant cells in glioblastoma microenvironment. Aim The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of CD204+ M2-polarized TAMs in glioblastomas and their relationship with CD4+TILs, Iba+microglia, and IDH1 mutation. We also exploreed the prognostic value of these markers on the recurrence-free interval (RFI). Methods The expressions of CD204+TAMs, CD4+TILs, and Iba1+microglia were quantitively assessed in 45 glioblastomas using immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox hazards were used to examine the relationship between these factors. Results CD204+TAMs were highly expressed in 32 tumours (71%) and the remaining 13 tumours (29%) had reduced expression. CD4+TILs were highly expressed in 10 cases (22%) and 35 cases (77.8%) had low expression. There was an inverse correlation between CD204+TAMs and CD4+TILs, in which 85% of tumours had a high expression of CD204+TAMs and a low expression of CD4+TILs. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in IDH1 mutation status between the two groups (p = 0.779). There was a significant difference in Iba1+microglial activation between IDH1mutant and IDH1wildtype groups (p = 0.031). For cases with a high expression of CD204+TAMs and a low expression of CD4+TILs, there was a significant difference in RFI after treatment with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy (p = 0.030). Conclusion Glioblastoma with a dense CD204+TAMs and few CD4+TILs is associated with IDH1wildtype. These findings suggest that TAMs masks tumour cell and suppress T-cell tumoricidal functions via immunomodulatory mechanisms. Blockade of the CD204-TAM receptor may prevent this mechanism and allow the evolution of TILs.

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Study on Serum miR-204 Expression Levels in Patients with Severe Pneumonia and Patients with Primary Bronchial Lung Cancer and Its Diagnostic Value

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6034413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Wenhong Zheng ◽

Wei Huang ◽

Xuchao Yu

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Expression

Objective. To analyze the expression and clinical significance of miR-204 in the serum of patients with severe pneumonia (SP) and primary bronchial lung cancer (LC). Methods. 65 SP patients and 43 primary bronchial LC patients who were treated in the hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were randomly selected as the SP group and LC group. At the same time, healthy patients from the physical examination department of the hospital were selected. 65 cases were the control group. QRT-PCR detected serum miR-204 expression and compared the differences between groups. The pathological data of patients were collected, and the relationship between serum miR-204 and the patient’s pathological data was compared; the area under the ROC curve and Kaplan–Meier curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum miR-204 for the two conditions and to explore the relationship between serum miR-204 and prognosis. Results. The serum miR-204 of the SP group was (0.43 ± 0.09), the serum miR-204 of the LC group was (0.40 ± 0.10), the serum miR-204 of the control group was (1.00 ± 0.09), and the miR-204 level of was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum miR-204 levels between the SP group and the LC group ( P > 0.05). Serum miR-204 levels in SP patients with cumulative organs ≥3 were higher than those with cumulative organs <3, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). In the LC group, in patients with stage III to IV and low and undifferentiated patients, the level of miR-204 was higher than that of stage I∼II and high and moderately differentiated patients, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The level of miR-204 in the two groups of patients (0.89 ± 0.10, 0.83 ± 0.13) who died of illness was significantly higher than that of the surviving patients (1.00 ± 0.11, 1.00 ± 0.10), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); the survival rate of patients with high expression of miR-204 was higher than that of patients with low expression. The AUC of serum miR-204 level to SP and LC was 0.766 and 0.818, respectively. Conclusion. The level of miR-204 in the serum of SP patients and patients with primary bronchial LC was significantly lower than that of healthy people, and patients who died were lower than those who survived; the miR-204 in serum has a good diagnostic value for SP and LC and is related to the survival and prognosis of patients.

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ERCC1 expression and platinum chemosensitivity in patients with ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/1724600820963396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

Chunjie Zhang ◽

Shan Gao ◽

Jingwen Hou

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Excision Repair ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effective Rate ◽

High Expression ◽

High Expression Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ercc1 Expression ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Expression

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the correlation of ERCC1 expression and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer. Methods: The literature on the relationship between the excision repair cross complementary gene 1 (ERCC1) and the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer published in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and the China Wanfang database from the establishment of the databases to June 2020 were searched. Chemosensitivity is evaluated by clinical effective rate (complete remission plus partial remission). Statistical analysis was carried out by using Stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 758 patients with ovarian cancer. The results showed a significant difference in chemosensitivity between the low expression group and the high expression group of ERCC1 (odds ratio 4.23; 95% confidence interval 2.96, 6.06; P < 0. 01). The same result was shown in the ethnicity subgroup. Conclusion: The chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer patients with a low expression of ERCC1 is better than that of patients with a high expression.

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High Expression of CTSV in Bladder Cancer as a Predictor of Poor Prognosis: A Study Based on TCGA and GEO Database

10.21203/rs.3.rs-378298/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiqiang Yao ◽

Jiajia Zhang ◽

Chaohu Chen ◽

Pan Li ◽

Jinlong Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

High Expression ◽

Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Expression ◽

Geo Database

Abstract Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the most common malignancy of urinary system with a high recurrence rate. We aimed to explore the relationship between cathepsin V (CTSV) expression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer.Methods: The RNA-Seq gene expression data and corresponding clinical information with BLCA were downloaded from TCGA database. The gene expression profiles of GSE13507 and GSE133624 were downloaded from GEO database. BLCA patients were divided into high and low expression group according to the cutoff value of CTSV expression. The relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics and CTSV expression was analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to analyze the relationship between overall survival and clinicopathologic characteristics. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to identify enriched KEGG pathway.Results: High expression of CTSV was significantly correlated with pathological grade (OR = 1.662 for low vs. high), clinical stage (OR = 1.589 for I-II vs. III-IV), status (OR = 1.435 for normal vs. tumor), T stage (OR = 1.589 for T1-2 vs. T3-4), and M stage (OR = 4.499 for M0 vs M1). The expression of CTSV was significantly increased in BLCA compared with normal tissue (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that BLCA patients with high expression of CTSV had a poorer prognosis than low expression of CTSV patients (P = 0.0016). Univariate Cox analysis showed that high expression of CTSV was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (HR:1.662, 95%CI:1.209-2.286, P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox regression showed that high expression of CTSV was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in BLCA patients (HR: 1.495, 95%CI: 1.069-2.089, P = 0.019). We also used the GSE13507 and GSE133624 to verify whether CTSV was differently expressed in bladder cancer tissues and normal tissues. The results showed that CTSV expression was significantly increased in BLCA patients (P < 0.05). Finally, GSEA was used to show 22 enriched signaling pathways in a high phenotype.Conclusion: High expression of CTSV in bladder cancer is associated with poor prognosis and may serve as a new biomarker. In addition, the chemokine signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, tight Junction and cell adhesion molecules may be the key pathway regulated by CTSV in BLCA.

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Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Adjuvant Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Based on Ki67 After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surgery

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.605234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Fei Zhao ◽

Xiu Xiong ◽

Kai Chen ◽

Wei Tang ◽

Xu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

High Expression ◽

Ki67 Expression ◽

High Expression Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Expression ◽

Arterial Chemoembolization

Background and aimsThis study aimed to determine the relationship between Ki67 expression and the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsThe Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates between the sub-groups in the ki67 low expression group and the ki67 high expression group and analyze the relationship between the expression of Ki67 and the efficacy of TACE.ResultsAfter PSM, there was no significant difference in the RFS and OS between the surgery + TACE and surgery subgroups after 1, 2, or 3 years (RFS: 63.9%, 55.6%, and 42.9% vs. 83.3%, 63.9%, and 55.6%, respectively, P = 0.279; OS: 91.7%, 83.3%, and 74.3% vs. 91.7%, 88.9%, and 71.4%, respectively, P = 0.890) in the Ki67 low-expression group. The RFS and OS were higher in the surgery + TACE subgroup than the surgery subgroup after 1, 2, and 3 years (RFS: 80.0%, 77.5%, and 69.2% vs. 53.5%, 39.5%, and 32.6%, respectively, P<0.001; OS: 97.5%, 85.0%, and 79.5% vs. 79.1%, 48.8%, and 42.9%, respectively, P = 0.001) in the Ki67 high expression group. The RFS was higher in the Ki67 high-expression subgroup than the low-expression subgroup after 1, 2, and 3 years, and OS had no significant difference (RFS: 80.0%, 79.5%, and 69.2% vs. 67.4%, 56.5%, and 46.7%, respectively, P = 0.035; OS: 97.5%, 85.0%, and 79.5% vs. 93.5%, 82.6%, and 75.6%, respectively, P = 0.665) in the surgery + TACE group.ConclusionsFor patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and high expression of Ki67 (Ki67≥20%), adjuvant hepatic artery chemoembolization after radical liver tumor resection effectively reduced the probability of tumor recurrence after surgery and prolonged the OS of patients. High Ki67 expression during the post-operative follow-up evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma patients is an indicator for adjuvant TACE therapy.

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Expression and clinical significance of CMTM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2021-0221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 217-223

Author(s):

Xin Song ◽

Shidong Zhang ◽

Run Tian ◽

Chuanjun Zheng ◽

Yuge Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Transmembrane Domain ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

High Expression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Expression

Abstract Background CKLF Like Marvel Transmembrane Domain Containing 1 (CMTM1) plays a role in breast cancer and lung cancer, but studies on the occurrence and development of CMTM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been reported. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect CMTM1 expression in HCC tissues. The relationship between CMTM1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients was analyzed by chi-square test, and the relationship between CMTM1 expression and the prognosis of HCC patients was tested by the Kaplan–Meier model. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that the mRNA expression of CMTM1 was upregulated in HCC tissues, and low expression of CMTM1 is associated with longer disease-free survival in patients with HCC. Similarly, the survival time of HCC patients in CMTM1 high expression group was significantly shorter than that in CMTM1 low expression group. IHC detection indicated that CMTM1 protein was highly expressed in both HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues, with a positive expression in 84% (63/75) of HCC tissues and 89.3% (67/75) of adjacent non-tumor tissues. Moreover, CMTM1 expression was related to family history and TNM stage of HCC patients (P < 0.05), but had no relationship with other clinicopathological characteristics. The survival analysis based on IHC results showed that the prognosis of HCC patients in CMTM1 negative group was significantly poorer than that in CMTM1 positive group (P < 0.05). Conclusion CMTM1 has a high expression in HCC tissues and is related to the prognosis of HCC patients.

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Absence of Association Between Abatacept Exposure and Initial Infection in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.200154 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jrheum.200154

Author(s):

Nicolino Ruperto ◽

Hermine I. Brunner ◽

Nikolay Tzaribachev ◽

Gabriel Vega-Cornejo ◽

Ingrid Louw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Rank Tests ◽

Link Type ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

The Relationship

Objective To assess the relationship between infection risk and abatacept exposure levels in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) following treatment with subcutaneous and intravenous abatacept. Methods Data from two published studies (NCT01844518, NCT00095173) of abatacept treatment in pediatric patients were analyzed. One study treated patients aged 2–17 years with subcutaneous abatacept and the other treated patients aged 6–17 years with intravenous abatacept. Association between serum abatacept exposure measures and infection was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier plots of probability of first infection versus time on treatment by abatacept exposure quartiles and log-rank tests. Number of infections by abatacept exposure quartiles was investigated. Results Overall, 343 patients were included in this analysis: 219 patients received subcutaneous abatacept and 124 patients received intravenous abatacept. Overall, 237/343 (69.1%) patients had ≥1 infection over 24 months. No significant difference in time to first infection across four quartiles of abatacept exposure levels was observed in the pooled (p = 0.4458), subcutaneous (2–5 years p = 0.9305; 6–17 years p = 0.4787), or intravenous (p = 0.4999) analyses. Concomitant use of methotrexate and glucocorticoids (at baseline and throughout) with abatacept did not increase infection risk across the abatacept exposure quartiles. There was no evidence of association between number of infections and abatacept exposure quartiles. No opportunistic infections related to abatacept were reported. Conclusion In patients aged 2–17 years with pJIA, no evidence of association between higher levels of exposure to intravenous or subcutaneous abatacept and incidence of infection was observed.

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High TRAF3IP3 Level Predicts Poor Prognosis of Patients with Gliomas

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96115/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guorong Yang ◽

Shu Tang ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Ling Qin

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Cox Regression ◽

The Body ◽

High Expression ◽

Clinicopathological Parameters ◽

Signal Pathways ◽

Primary Therapy ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Purpose: TRAF3IP3 is involved in the maturation of immune cells, the development of immune tissues and the immune response of the body. TRAF3IP3 is shown to expressed in a variety of malignant tumor cell lines. Down-regulated expression of TRAF3IP3 in malignant melanoma can inhibit tumor growth. However, the role of TRAF3IP3 in glioma is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to study the relationship between TRAF3IP3 and glioma based on TCGA data.Method: We used the Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare the expression of TRAF3IP3 in glioma and normal tissues. Subsequently, Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistics regression were used to evaluate the relationship between TRAF3IP3 and clinicopathological parameters of glioma patients. GSEA was used to verify the key signal pathways involved in TRAF3IP3. We used the ssGSEA method to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TRAF3IP3 and the immune infiltration in the glioma tumor microenvironment. Finally, we used Kaplan-Meier and COX regression to evaluate the prognostic value of TRAF3IP3.Results: TRAF3IP3 transcription level was highly expressed in gliomas(P<0.001). And the high expression of TRAF3IP3 and WHO grade(OR=3.57(2.42-5.34), P<0.001), IDH status (OR=4.79(3.40-6.83), P<0.001), 1P /19q codeletion (OR=0.07(0.04-0.11), P<0.001), EGFR status (OR=2.77(1.65-4.81), P<0.001), histological type (OR=3.64(2.48-5.43), P<0.001), age (OR=1.64(1.13-2.41), P=0.01), and primary therapy outcome (OR=2.29(1.47-3.61), P<0.001) were significantly correlated. GSEA showed that six signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the TRAF3IP3 high expression phenotype group, including JAK STAT signaling pathway, interferon-γ signaling pathway, apoptosis, P53 signaling pathway, PD-1 signaling pathway, and CTLA4 signaling pathway. ssGSEA showed that the expression of TRAF3IP3 was significantly positively correlated with the infiltration of Macrophages, Th17 cells, etc. Multivariate COX regression showed that TRAF3IP3 was an independent prognostic factor for glioma OS (HR=2.169(1.301-3.615), P=0.003). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high expression of TRAF3IP3 was associated with worse PFS(HR=2.39(1.39-3.01), P<0.001), DFS(HR=3.02(2.27-4.01), P<0.001) and OS(HR=2.87(2.20-3.75), P<0.001).Conclusion: TRAF3IP3 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of glioma, and may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma.

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Comparison of durability of treated wood using stake tests and survival analysis

Journal of Wood Science ◽

10.1186/s10086-021-01996-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ikuo Momohara ◽

Haruko Sakai ◽

Yuji Kubo

Keyword(s):

Survival Analysis ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Conventional Procedure ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Copper Naphthenate ◽

Alkaline Copper Quaternary ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe stake test is widely used to evaluate the efficacy of wood preservatives. This test monitors the deterioration level observed in treated stakes partially inserted into the ground. The results are conventionally expressed as the relationship between deterioration levels and exposure periods. The preservative efficacy is compared among the stake groups treated with different retention levels based on the test results; however, there is no scientific basis for the comparison. We applied survival analysis to the conventional stake test to include a scientific basis to the test. Stakes impregnated with different types and retention levels of preservatives were subjected to deterioration at two test sites for approximately 30 years. The deterioration levels were monitored according to the conventional procedure and survival analysis was applied to the monitored data. Kaplan–Meier plots of the survival probabilities against the exposure periods indicated that there is a significant difference between the durability of the stakes treated with alkylammonium chloride (AAC-1) at K2 and K3 retention levels, whereas no significant difference was observed between those at K3 and K4 retention levels. Contrastingly, emulsified copper naphthenate (NCU-E) was found to be a reliable preservative, and the stakes impregnated with NCU-E showed a significant increase in durability in accordance with preservative retention. Alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ-1) also appeared to be a reliable preservative; however, the increase in stake durability after ACQ-1 treatment differed between the test sites. These results were verified using the modified Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test with Holm’s p adjusting method.

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Impact of CKLF-like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain Containing 6 (CMTM6) Expression in Gastric Cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48504/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M Nishi ◽

Mitsuo Shimada ◽

Kozo Yoshikawa ◽

Jun Higashijima ◽

Takuya Tokunaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Transmembrane Domain ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

University Hospital ◽

High Expression ◽

High Expression Group ◽

Group 5 ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Expression

Abstract Background: CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) is the master regulator of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1). We aimed to clarify the significance of CMTM6 expression in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: A total of 105 patients who had undergone curative surgical resection for stage II/III GC at Tokushima University Hospital were included in this study. The expression of CMTM and PD-L1 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the relationship of each expression level to several prognostic factors was examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: CMTM6 was not positively correlated with any of the factors examined. The overall survival (OS) rates were significantly poorer in the CMTM6 high-expression group than in the CMTM low-expression group (5-year OS: 57.2% vs. 79.2%, respectively; p<0.05). Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly poorer in the CMTM high-expression group than in the CMTM6 low-expression group (5-year DFS: 52.8% vs. 72.4%, respectively; p=0.20). Multivariate analysis confirmed CMTM6 expression as an independent prognostic factor in DFS (p<0.05). CMTM6 expression tended to be correlated with PD-L1 expression (p=0.07), and PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with PD-1 expression (p<0.05).Conclusions: CMTM6 is associated with a poor prognosis and immunotolerance through PD-L1 in GC.

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MiR-3614-5p Is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.666833 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lin Han ◽

Yanjun Sun ◽

Cansheng Lu ◽

Chungeng Ma ◽

Jian Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Survival Rate ◽

T Cell ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

High Expression ◽

P53 Pathway ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Expression Phenotype ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

The Relationship

MiR-3614-5p has been found in a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer. However, the association of miR-3614-5p with colorectal cancer is still unclear. Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the relationship between miR-3614-5p and colorectal cancer can be proved. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the miR-3614-5p expression in colorectal cancer tissues and under normal conditions, respectively. The logistic regression method was further employed to analyze the relationship between miR-3614-5p and clinicopathological characteristics. Also, the correlation between miR-3614-5p and survival rate was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Besides, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to investigate the biological functions of miR-3614-5p. The decrease of miR-3614-5p expression of colorectal cancer was significantly correlated with N stage (OR) = 0.7 for N1&N2 vs. N0), M stage (OR = 0.5 for M1 vs. M0), pathologic stage (OR = 0.7 for Stage III & Stage IV vs. Stage I & Stage II), neoplasm type (OR = 0.5 for rectum adenocarcinoma vs. colon adenocarcinoma), and lymphatic invasion (OR = 0.6 for YES vs. NO) (all p-values < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that colorectal cancer with low miR-3614-5p has a poorer prognosis than that of high miR-3614-5p (p = 0.005). According to univariate analysis, low miR-3614-5p was associated with poor overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.599; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.418-0.857; p = 0.005]. In multivariate analysis, miR-3614-5p was closely related to OS (HR = 0.630; 95% CI: 0.405-0.978, p = 0.021). GSEA showed that the high expression phenotype of miR-3614-5p differentially enriches the P53 pathway. Meanwhile, the high expression phenotype of miR-3614-5p enhanced NK T cell activation, negative T cell selection, response to interleukin 2, and response to tumor cells. MiR-3614-5p is a possible prognostic marker of low survival rate for patients with colorectal cancer. Moreover, the P53 pathway and P38MAPK pathway may be the key pathways regulated by miR-3614-5p in colorectal cancer.

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