scholarly journals P111: Presentations for hypoglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus to emergency departments in a Canadian province: a database and epidemiological analysis

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S115-S115
Author(s):  
C. Alexiu ◽  
S. Jelinski ◽  
A. Chuck ◽  
B.H. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic disease. Prevalence of diabetes was 9% globally in 2014 and 9.3% in Canada and 7.2% in Alberta in 2015. Complications of the disease are numerous and frequent. Hypoglycemia is one complication of diabetes treatment. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize presentations by adults to Alberta emergency departments (EDs) for hypoglycemia associated with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM) diabetes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data for Alberta for a five-year period (fiscal years 2010/11-2014/15). Data were sourced from an administrative database: National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS). Records of interest were those with an ICD-10-CA diagnosis of DM-associated hypoglycemia (i.e., E10.63, E11.63, E13.63, or E14.63). A descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: Data extraction yielded 7,835 presentations by 5,884 patients. The majority of presentations were by males (56.2%) and median patient age was 62. These episodes constituted 0.08% of presentations to Alberta EDs and they occurred at an event rate of 0.67 episodes per 100 patient-years (95% CI: 0.66-0.69). The annual rate of presentations decreased by 11.8% during the five-year period. Most presentations (63.4%) involved transportation to the ED via ambulance. Relative to LOS for ED presentations for all reasons, average length-of-stay (LOS) was 3.2x longer and 1.4x longer for discharged and admitted patients, respectively. For 27.5% of presentations, an X-ray was obtained. Most hypoglycemic episodes (65.2%) were considered to be of moderate severity while 34.3% were considered to be severe. None were mild because all involved access to an ED. The condition mainly (absolute terms) afflicted people with T2DM and urban areas; however, it disproportionately afflicted people with T1DM and rural areas. Conclusion: For a condition that is largely preventable with effective blood glucose management, DM-associated hypoglycemia incurs significant healthcare resource use. People with DM would be better served with more effective and safer euglycemic agents.

scholarly journals P113: Presentations for hypoglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus to emergency departments in a Canadian province: a database and cost analysis

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S116-S116
Author(s):  
C. Alexiu ◽  
S. Jelinski ◽  
A. Chuck ◽  
B.H. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Common Chronic Disease

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease. The Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) estimated that the national direct cost of DM accounts for approximately 3.5% of public healthcare spending. The economic burden has been estimated to be $12.2 billion in 2010 and projected to increase by $4.7 billion (38%) by 2020. For the province of Alberta, the estimated cost was $1.3 billion in 2015 and $1.7 billion for 2025. The cost of lesser complications of DM like hypoglycemia is not as well understood. The objective of this study was to estimate the health system cost of presentations by adults to Alberta emergency departments (ED) for hypoglycemia associated with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM) diabetes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative data for Alberta for a five-year period (fiscal years 2010/11-2014/15). Data were sourced from an administrative database: National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS). Records of interest were those for ED patients with an ICD-10-CA diagnosis of DM-associated hypoglycemia. A top-down approach was used to estimate costs, excluding physician and ambulance fees. This involved resource intensity weight (RIW), cost of a standard hospital stay (CSHS), and adjustment for inflation (to average value of Canadian dollar for Alberta for January-September 2015). A descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: Data extraction yielded 7,835 presentations by 5,884 patients. The median RIW was 0.0547. RIWs are centered at 1, thus the resource-use/cost of these presentations is well below that of the “average” case. Estimated costs per episode ranged from $108.63 to $4,136.59 with median of $431.11 (IQR: 369.40-639.50). Median episodic subgrouped costs were as follows: sex: $427.72 for males, $439.20 for females; DM type: $411.61 for T1DM, $511.63 for T2DM; date period: $835,862.09/year, $69,655.17/month, $16,030.23/week, and $2,288.78/day. Conclusion: Using population-based administrative data, we identified median costs for DM-associated hypoglycemia of approximately $430/case. Given the frequency, this condition incurs significant healthcare resource use and costs; continued efforts to reduce these ED visits seem worthwhile.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Penduduk Miskin di Papua Barat

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Ludia Theresia Wambrauw ◽  
Ratna M. H. Gusti ◽  
Agus Irianto Sumule
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Papua Barat

This research entitles Characteristics of Poor People in Papua Barat Province. The research aims are to describe poor people characteristics in Papua Barat, and to analyze some factors that influence poverty in Papua Barat Province. The research is conducted in Papua Barat Province by using data from Indonesia’s Statistics. Then a descriptive analysis method is used to describe the characteristics of poor households in Papua Barat and their contributing factors. The results showed that the percentage of poor people in Papua Barat has been decreasing from 2009 to 2016. The percentage of poverty is decreasing more in rural areas than in urban areas. The characteristics of the poor people are the number of household member is more than four people; have low level of education, majority live in remote areas and work in agricultural sector, less of them are migrants, and have no health issues. Based on those characteristics, the Papua Barat government should put attention in developing the agricultural sector and improving the social and economic infrastructures in rural areas.

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Zhejiang Province, China, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Fang-Rong Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Annual Prevalence

Abstract Background Limited population-based studies have investigated the secular trend of prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in mainland China. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM and time trends in Chinese female population. Methods Based on Diabetes Surveillance System of Zhejiang Province, 97,063 diagnosed GDM cases aged 20–50 years were identified from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Annual prevalence, prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) and average annual percentage change with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results The age-standardized overall prevalence of GDM was reported to be 7.30% (95% CI 7.27–7.33%); 9.13% (95% CI 9.07–9.19%) in urban areas and 6.24% (95% CI 6.21–6.27%) in rural areas. Compared with 20–24 years age group, women in advanced age groups (25–50 years) were at higher risk for GDM (PRRs ranged from 1.37 to 8.95 and the 95% CIs did not include the null). Compared with rural areas, the risk for GDM was higher in urban areas (PRR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.67–1.72). The standardized annual prevalence increased from 6.02% in 2016 to 7.94% in 2018, with an average annual increase of 5.48%, and grew more rapidly in rural than urban areas (11.28% vs. 0.00%). Conclusions This study suggested a significant increase in the prevalence of GDM among Chinese female population in Zhejiang province during 2016–2018, especially in women characterized by advanced age and rural areas.

scholarly journals Examining the Dietary Diversity of Children in Niger

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2961
Author(s):  
Nafissatou Cisse Egbuonye ◽  
Ariun Ishdorj ◽  
E.L.J. McKyer ◽  
Rahma Mkuu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Factors

Malnutrition is a major public health concern in Niger. The stunting rate in children in Niger is over 50%, one of the highest in the world. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine children’s dietary diversity (CDD) and the maternal factors that impact CDD. A total of 1265 mother–child pairs were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present maternal and child characteristics. To compare the mean scores of CDD in relation to the region, an independent sample t-test was conducted. A one-way ANOVA test was conducted to evaluate the CDD score by different age groups. A linear regression model was estimated to identify household, maternal and child factors that affect the CDD score. Our results indicate that most of the participants of our survey resided in rural areas and the majority (80.7%) of the mothers had no education. Factors such as region, children’s age, woman’s empowerment, vitamin A intake and wealth index were significant predictors of CDD (p < 0.05). The children residing in rural areas were more likely to have lower CDD scores (p < 0.05) than the children in urban areas, therefore becoming more susceptible to malnutrition.

scholarly journals Income differentials on regional labour markets in Southwest Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-396
Author(s):  
Alice Guyot ◽  
Stefan Berwing ◽  
Maria Lauxen-Ulbrich
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Regional Types

The aim of our paper is to identify explanatory variables for income disparities between women and men across different regional types. Using data from the BA Employment Panel (BEP) descriptive statistics show that the gender pay gap grows wider from core regions to periphery. The main explanatory variables for the income differentials are vocational education in the men's case and size of enterprise in the women's case. Whereas in the case of women the importance of vocational status increases and the importance of size of enterprise decreases from rural areas to urban areas.

Exploring Arrestee Drug Use in Rural Nebraska

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Herz ◽  
Rebecca Murray
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Current

Since 1987, the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM—formerly known as the Drug Use Forecasting Program) has documented the prevalence and type of arrestee drug use across the nation. Unfortunately, this research is limited to urban or metropolitan areas, possibly because of presumed low levels of both crime and drugs in rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of researching arrestee drug use in rural areas using data collected from the Rural ADAM Pilot Program. Specifically, this study examines the prevalence and type of arrestee drug use in four rural Nebraska counties and compares these results to those found in Omaha, Nebraska, which is a current ADAM site. Results indicated that arrestee drug use is similar to that in urban areas and the type of arrestee drug use varies across rural counties as well as between rural and urban areas. Most importantly, rural arrestee methamphetamine use appeared to exceed Omaha arrestee use in one rural area. These findings have substantial implications for planning at the local, state, and federal levels.

scholarly journals A SURVEY ON RURAL SCHOOL STUDENTS EDUCATION PERFORMANCE USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Suresh Solomon. G ◽  
Nancy Jasmine Goldina
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Education Performance

In India there exists a lot of Rural areas in which the educational performance of the rural school students are inferior when compared it to the performance of the urban areas due to the lack of facilities, environment, income, employment opportunities and exposure. Equality is one among the basic principle of our country, so it’s a mere responsibility of any research study to perform a detailed analysis towards the performance of rural school students by focusing on to the factors to be monitored and improved so that the Rural areas also raise to the equilant level of competition with the Urban areas. For this goal Data mining plays a vital role in order to handle the data in proper way for analysis and prediction of performances for the improvement of rural school student’s education domain results. This paper presents a survey on Data Mining strategies used for prediction and performance analysis of rural school students education improvements. KEYWORDS—Data Mining, Rural, Urban, Prediction, Performance

scholarly journals Relationship of rural work with gender and education level / Relação do trabalho rural com gênero e nível de escolaridade

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2364-2378
Author(s):  
Eveline Barbosa S. Carvalho ◽  
Felipe Rocha Campos ◽  
José Wellington Saraiva Sousa Junior ◽  
Luis Henrique B. De Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Education Level ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Rural Work

The research analyzes the relationship between rural work gender and education level based on microdata from the Brazilian Federal Government's General Register of Employed and Unemployed. Using data from employment in the states of Ceará and São Paulo as a case study, the descriptive analysis from the demand curve confirms that male workers have higher average salary level than female workers, in rural areas and also in urban areas, regardless of schooling. The research used the calculation of the price elasticity of demand coefficient to capture the behavior of employment in response to wage variations and showed that for illiterate workers job is more stable in Ceará regardless of gender. On the other hand, for São Paulo illiterate workers have less job stability. For workers with incomplete elementary education, the demand for men and women is inelastic for both Ceará and São Paulo. The cross-elasticity coefficients showed that the higher the level of education, the lower the possibility of discrimination as both gender are considered substitute factors of production.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents from indigenous areas of Chiapas, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Flores-Guillen ◽  
Itandehui Castro-Quezada ◽  
Hector Ochoa ◽  
Rosario Garcia-Miranda ◽  
Miguel Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among different sociodemographic and geographic areas of adolescents from indigenous areas of Chiapas, Mexico. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Communities in the Totzil - Tseltal and Selva region of Chiapas, Mexico, were studied. Urban and rural areas of high marginalization according to the Human Development Index. Participants: 253 adolescents were studied, of which 48.2% were girls and 51.8% were boys. Primary and secondary outcome measures: a descriptive analysis of the quantitative variables was performed through central tendency and dispersion measures. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), stratified by sex, geographic area (rural/urban), schooling and ethnicity of mothers were estimated. Results: the predominant risk factor in the study population was low HDL-c (51%). Higher prevalences of abdominal obesity and high triglycerides in girls were found and abnormal diastolic blood pressure in boys was identified. In urban areas were found greater prevalences of overweight/obesity and of insulin resistance while abnormal blood pressure levels were more prevalent in rural areas. Differences were found in the educational levels and ethnicity of the adolescents' mothers. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10% according to NCEP-ATPIII. Conclusions: In this study, sociodemographic and geographical disparities were found in cardiovascular risk factors. Prevalence of risk factors was high, affecting mostly girls and urban population. Thus, there is a great need to promote healthy lifestyles and health, social and economic interventions to prevent chronic diseases in adulthood.

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