Component composition, in vitro gas and methane production profiles of fruit by-products and leaves of root crops

AbstractThe current study was conducted to evaluate the component composition, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro gas production (GP) and methane (CH4) production profiles of fruit by-products (pineapple pulp, mango seed kernels, banana and papaya peel, Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera seeds) and leaves of root crops (sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas], cassava [Manihot esculenta], yam [Dioscorea abyssinica], enset [Ensete ventricosum] and samma [Urtica simensis]). Root crop leaves had high crude protein (CP) ranging from 211 to 318 g/kg dry matter (DM) in yam and samma, respectively. M. stenopetala seeds contained the highest CP (450 g/kg DM). Samma leaves were rich in calcium (58.6 g/kg DM) and iron (1186 mg/kg DM). Leaves of root crops had similar concentrations of essential amino acids with appreciable values. Total phenols were highest in mango seed kernels (158 g/kg DM). The asymptotic GP at 96 h incubation of pineapple pulp, papaya and banana peel was 397, 358 and 279 ml/g DM, respectively, and differed significantly from each other. Sweet potato and yam leaves produced 238 and 225 ml/g DM GP, respectively, being significantly higher than those of other root crops. CH4 production was significantly lowest in Moringa seeds, mango seed kernels and sweet potato leaves. In conclusion, fruit by-products have the potential as energy sources and root crop leaves as protein supplements for ruminant and non-ruminant animals. Moringa seeds, mango seed kernels and sweet potato leaves were identified as potential candidates in mitigating CH4 emissions in tropical livestock with animal-based experiments recommended to validate the in vitro findings.

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Calcium content, in vitro digestibility, and bioaccessibility in leaves of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), sweet potato (Ipomea batatas), and drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera)

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.3287.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonathan C. Allen ◽

Joseph Y. Issa ◽

Weiting Cai

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Spinacia Oleracea ◽

Calcium Content ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Ipomea Batatas ◽

Drumstick Tree ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

Low calcium intake, poor calcium absorption, excessive calcium losses, or some combination of these factors contribute to calcium deficiency diseases. Calcium insufficiency is associated with osteoporosis, hypertension and colon cancer among other diseases. For individuals who do not have access to milk and dairy products, do not tolerate them, or prefer not to consume them, plants may be alternative sources of calcium. However, calcium bioavailability may be low in plant foods because calcium forms complexes with oxalates, phytate and other competing minerals. The objective of this study was to compare the calcium content, digestibility and bioaccessibility in the leaves of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), sweet potato (Ipomea batatas), and drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera). Calcium content was analyzed in dry leaf powder by atomic absorption, followed by a two-stage in vitro digestion and dialysis against a mock serum solution to determine calcium digestibility and bioaccessibility. Moringa oleifera had higher calcium content than spinach and sweet potato leaves: 1.54±0.11% of dry matter for three Moringa samples (two African and one from India), and 0.99±0.001 and 1.06±0.001, respectively, in spinach and sweet potato leaves. The mean in vitro calcium digestibility was 1.62±0.08% in spinach, 3.4±0.68% in sweet potato leaves and 33.7±9.6% for Moringa. A dialysis system was designed to model bioaccessibility of calcium, revealing that bioaccessible calcium in sweet potato leaves was a non-significant 1.4 times higher and in Moringa was 9.2 to 19.4 times higher than in spinach. Therefore, the calcium contained in Moringa leaves does not appear to be associated with poorly bioavailable complexes such as oxalate. We confirmed previous reports that bioaccessibility of the calcium is low in spinach. These findings imply that increased utilization of Ipomea batatas and Moringa oleifera leaves might increase calcium intake in people in tropical and warm temperate regions where these plants grow, or these plants might become a valuable export crop.

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In vitro Antioxidant, Anti-allergic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Korean Sweet Potato Leaves and Stalks

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.3.369 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 369-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chung Shil Kwak ◽

Kun Jong Lee ◽

Jin Hee Chang ◽

June Hee Park ◽

Ji Hyun Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

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Valorization of Mango By-Products to Enhance the Nutritional Content of Maize Complementary Porridges

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1635

Author(s):

Juliana Mandha ◽

Habtu Shumoy ◽

Athanasia O. Matemu ◽

Katleen Raes

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Mango Seed ◽

By Products

Mango by-products are disregarded as waste contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. This study used mango seed and kernel to enhance the nutritional content of maize complementary porridges. Composite maize-based porridges (MBP) were formulated by fortifying maize flour with fine ground mango seed and kernel at different levels (31%, 56%, 81%). The by-products and formulated porridges were characterized for their nutritional composition, mineral content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of essential minerals during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of the formulated porridges was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Mango seed had a high fat (12.0 g/100 g dw) and protein content (4.94 g/100 g dw), which subsequently doubled the fat content of the porridges. Mango by-products increased the total phenolic content of maize porridge by more than 40 times and the antioxidant capacity by 500 times. However, fortification with mango by-products significantly decreased the bioaccessibility of minerals, especially manganese, copper, and iron, as the highest percentages of insoluble minerals were recorded in MBP 81 at 78.4%, 71.0%, and 62.1%, respectively. Thus, the results suggest that mango seed and kernel could increase the nutritional value of maize porridge, but fortification should be done at lower levels of about 31–56%.

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Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidants, and Health Benefits of Sweet Potato Leaves

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26071820 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1820

Author(s):

Hoang Chinh Nguyen ◽

Chang-Chang Chen ◽

Kuan-Hung Lin ◽

Pi-Yu Chao ◽

Hsin-Hung Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Health Promoting ◽

New Compounds ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important food crops worldwide and its leaves provide a dietary source of nutrients and various bioactive compounds. These constituents of sweet potato leaves (SPL) vary among varieties and play important roles in treating and preventing various diseases. Recently, more attentions in health-promoting benefits have led to several in vitro and in vivo investigations, as well as the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in SPL. Among them, many new compounds have been reported as the first identified compounds from SPL with their dominant bioactivities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the bioactive compositions of SPL and their health benefits. Since SPL serve as a potential source of micronutrients and functional compounds, they can be further developed as a sustainable crop for food and medicinal industries.

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In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbes of thin tail sheep given sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) biomass

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v21i2.1355 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Asep Sudarman ◽

M. Hayashida ◽

M. Miralestari

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Block Design ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Napier Grass ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

<p class="abstrak2">Sweet potato plant is produced in Indonesia in large quantities. Sweet potato leaves and stems can be used as a source of protein and the tuber can be used as an energy source. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of feeding of sweet potato biomass on the rumen fermentation characteristics, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter as well as rumen microbial population of thin tail sheep. This study used a randomized block design by applying four feed treatments, i.e., T0 (100% Napier grass), T1 (70% of Napier grass + 30% concentrate), T2 (50% of Napier grass + 50% sweet potato leaves), and T3 (70% sweet potato leaves + 30% sweet potato tuber) with three replicates. Rumen fluid samples were taken with stomach tube method using a vacuum pump. Results showed that the T3 diet has higher (P<0.05) digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, concentration of NH<sub>3</sub> and VFA, and rumen bacterial population than those of T0 and T1diets but similar to that of T2 diet. Rumen pH and protozoa population was not different among the treatments. It can be concluded that the use of sweet potato biomass can improve the quality of rumen fermentation of sheep.</p>

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Perspective processing of turnip root (Brassica rapa) as a source of sulforafan

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016406028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 06028 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tatyana Belyakova ◽

Olga Morozova ◽

Ekaterina Antonceva ◽

Lyudmila Zabodalova

Keyword(s):

Brassica Rapa ◽

Spectrophotometric Study ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Economic Point ◽

Root Crop ◽

Root Crops ◽

Active Substances

Turnip (latin Brassica rapa) is a herbaceous plant from the genus Cruciferous. The root crop is a traditional product that has been producing in Russia since ancient times. This unpretentious herbaceous plant contains many different nutrients. The composition of turnips determines its value as a dietary product. From an economic point of view, the root crop, along with broccoli, can act as a source of biologically active substances like sulforaphane. Processing root crops using extraction will expand the scope of its application. The work presents a laboratory way for producing an extract of sulforaphane, followed by its quantitative determination from turnip varieties Petrovskaya-1. It was shown that the content of sulforaphane turnip extract (0.83 ± 0.03) mg in 1 cm3 extract. Next, the antioxidant ability of the extract was determined. A spectrophotometric study of antioxidant activity using a model adrenaline autooxidation reaction (in vitro) revealed that the aqueous extract has a pronounced antioxidant effect. It was registered that at an exposure time of 5 min, the AOA of the extract was 49.0%, at 10 min it was 13.0%. We can say that the processing of root crops is promising as a source of biologically active substances.

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The In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species of Sweet Potato Leaf Polyphenols

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/9017828 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hongnan Sun ◽

Bona Mu ◽

Zhen Song ◽

Zhimin Ma ◽

Taihua Mu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Intracellular Ros ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

The in vitro antioxidant activity and inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the total and individual phenolic compounds from Yuzi No. 7 sweet potato leaves were investigated in this study. Sweet potato leaf polyphenols possessed significantly higher antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and grape seed polyphenols. Among the individual phenolic compounds, caffeic acid showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by monocaffeoylquinic acids and dicaffeoylquinic acids, while 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid showed the lowest value. Sweet potato leaf polyphenols could significantly decrease the level of intracellular ROS in a dose-dependent manner. The order of the inhibiting effect of individual phenolic compounds on the intracellular ROS level was not in accordance with that of antioxidant activity, suggesting that there was no direct relationship between antioxidant activity and intracellular ROS-inhibiting effect. Sweet potato leaves could be a good source of biologically active polyphenols with multiple applications in the development of foods, health products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

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Constituents in purple sweet potato leaves inhibit in vitro angiogenesis with opposite effects ex vivo

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2011.01.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1177-1182 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chiao-Ming Chen ◽

Sing-Chung Li ◽

C.-Y. Oliver Chen ◽

Heng-Kien Au ◽

Chun-Kuang Shih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Purple Sweet Potato ◽

In Vitro Angiogenesis ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

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Pengaruh Pemberian Rebusan Daun Ubi Jalar Terhadap Kecukupan ASI Pada Ibu Menyusui Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Campurejo Kota Kediri

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan MAKIA ◽

10.37413/jmakia.v4i1.29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Weni Tri Purnani

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Work Area ◽

Wilcoxon Sign Rank ◽

Potato Extract ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

ABSTRAKASI merupakan sumber makanan yang mengandung nutrisi yang lengkap untuk bayi. Rendahnya cakupan ASI di Indonesia menyumbang akibat yang tidak baik bagi kesehatan bayi. Berdasarkan hasil survey pendahuluan, dari 10 ibu menyusui 6 (60%) diantaranya mengatakan bahwa pengeluaran ASI mereka tidak lancar. Salah satu solusi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan suplai ASI adalah dengan mengonsumsi daun ubi jalar yang dipercaya mengandung berbagai macam zat dan vitamin terutama vitamin A. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian rebusan daun ubi jalar terhadap kecukupan ASI pada ibu menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Campurejo Tahun 2016. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimental menggunakan rancangan pretest posttest design. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh sampel 20 orang menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar kuesioner dan penilaian. uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji peringkat bertanda dari wilcoxon dengan nilai signifikasi α = 0,05. Hasil uji statistik dari Wilcoxon Sign Rank diperoleh nilai p value = 0,000 dengan taraf kesalahan (α =0,05) dapat dikatakan p ≤ α maka dapat disimpulakan bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hal ini berarti ada pengaruh pemberian rebusan daun ubi jalar terhadap kecukupan ASI pada ibu menyusui diwilayah kerja puskesmas campurejo kota Kediri tahun 2016. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan bagi tenaga kesehatan dapat dijadikan sebagai masukan untuk menggunakan daun ubi jalar untuk meningkatkan kecukupan ASI dalam pengembangan pengobatan tradisional. Kata Kunci : Kecukupan ASI, Daun Ubi jalar, Menyusui ABSTRACTBreast milk is a food source that contains a complete nutritions for infants. Coverage of breast milk in Indonesia is still very low. Based on the preliminary results of the survey, from 10 breastfeeding mothers, there are 6 (60%) breastfeeding mom of them say that their breast milk isn’t enough for the babies. There’s a rightest solution to increase the breast milk supply, such as; the breastfeeding mom should eat or consume the sweet potato leaves that believed contains various nutritions and vitamins, especially vitamin A. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of giving sweet potato extract to breast milk adequacy on breastfeeding mothers in work area clinic of Campurejo Kediri City in 2016. The research design of this study was pre-experimental that using pre-test and post-test design. In this study obtained 20 samples of people that using simple random sampling technique. The collecting of data is done by using a questionnaires and assessment. The test hypothesis is marked on the Wilcoxon rank test with significance value α = 0.05. The result of statistical test Wilcoxon Sign Rank obtained p value = 0.000 with a standard error (α = 0.05) can be said p ≤ α then it means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that there is an effect of giving sweet potato extract to breast milk adequacy on breastfeeding mothers in work area clinic of Campurejo Kediri City in 2016. Based on the results is the researcher expecting for health workers can be used as input to use sweet potato leaves to improve the adequacy of breast milk in the development of traditional medicine. Keywords: Adequacy of Breast Milk, Sweet Potato Leaves, Breastfeeding.

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