The Indian Provenance of a Medieval Exemplum

Traditio ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 499-502
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Krappe
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Friend ◽  
Water Issues

In the reign of the emperor Otto (the story does not say which of the four monarchs of that name is meant) there lived a certain priest whose conduct was not of the most edifying. As a result his parishioners were extremely scandalized, and one of them gave up going to Mass. Now it so happened that, as this man was walking in the fields one Sunday, while Mass was being celebrated, he was befallen by a terrible feeling of thirst. He discovered a rivulet of pure water, from which he at once drank to quench his thirst. But the more he drank, the more his thirst grew, and he decided to follow the streamlet to its source, there to drink his fill. As he proceeded, an old man of majestic appearance met him and said: “My friend, whither are you going?” The man explained his case, and the old man pointed out to him the spring-head of the rivulet. Then he added: “But why, my good friend, are you not at church?” The other then complained of the evil priest and his ways. To which the old man returned: “Suppose what you say is true. Observe this fountain, from which so much excellent water issues, and from which you have lately drunk.” He looked in the direction pointed out and beheld a putrid dog with its mouth wide open, and its teeth black and decayed, through which the whole fountain gushed in a surprising manner. The man regarded the stream with great terror and confusion of mind, ardently desirous of quenching his thirst but apprehensive of poison from the fetid and loathsome carcass, with which, to all appearance, the water was imbued. “Be not afraid,” said the old man, “because you have already drunk of the rivulet; drink again, it will not harm you.” He followed this bidding and this time did quench his thirst. Then the old man drove home the lesson: “Just as this water, gushing through the mouth of a putrid dog, is neither polluted nor loses aught of its natural taste or color, so is the celebration of the Mass by a worthless priest.” With these words he disappeared; but the good man henceforth went punctually to Mass.

scholarly journals Influence of disinfestation and osmotic conditioning on the germinating behavior of australian royal palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae)seeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Torres Teixeira ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Sílvio Lopes Teixeira ◽  
Roberto Ferreira. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The technique of Osmotic Conditioning, which consists of partial and controlled hydration of the seeds, has obtained success with various species of seeds, increasing the germinating span and tolerance to the adverse conditions of the environment, and has also reduced the time elapsed between sowing and the emergence of the plants. Associated to ideal storage conditions, the treatment has increased the performance of the seeds of tropical wood species. Aiming at studying the germinating environment and the effect of osmotic conditioning on the germination of seeds of the Australian Royal Palm tree, two experiments were performed. The first one evaluated the effect of disinfestation of the seeds of the Australian Royal Palm tree with NaClO. The treatments applied were: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, exposure periods of 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes, and the fungicide Captan, as control. The treatments with NaClO did not differ in relation to the final percentage of germination and to the germination speed index, and did not differ from the treatment control. The second test evaluated solutions with the following osmotic potentials: 0.0MPa (pure water), -0.4MPa, -0.6MPa and -0.8MPa, exposed for the periods of 10 and 20 days. The final percentage of germination did not differ among the treatments. The seeds hydrated in pure water for a period of 20 days showed a germination speed index significantly superior to the other treatments, and they did not show significant differences among themselves.

scholarly journals Titus Flavius Clemens’ Stance on Wine as Expressed in Paedagogus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Jolanta Dybała ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Michał Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Food Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Golden Mean ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Christian Theologian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Titus Flavius Clemens was a philosopher and Christian theologian from the period of the 2nd–3th century. The aim of this paper is to present his view on the subject of wine and his recommendations on wine consumption as described in his work entitled Paedagogus. In this work Titus Flavius Clemens focuses primarily on the moral side of drinking wine. He is a great supporter of the ancient principle of moderation, or the golden mean (μεσότης). We also find its traces in his recommendations regarding the drinking of wine. First of all, he does not require Christians to be abstinent. Although he considers water as the best natural beverage to satisfy thirst, he does not make them reject God’s wine. The only condition he sets, however, is to maintain moderation in drinking it. He recommends diluting wine with water, as the peaceful Greeks always did, unlike the war-loving barbarians who were more prone to drunkenness. On the other hand, Titus Flavius Clemens warns the reader against excessive dilution of wine, so that it does not turn out to be pure water. He severely criticizes drunkenness, picturesquely presenting the behavior of drunks, both men and women. Wine in moderation has, in his opinion, its advantages – social, familial and individual. It makes a person better disposed to himself or herself, kinder to friends and more gentle to family members. Wine, when consumed in moderation, may also have medicinal properties. Clemens is well aware of this fact and in his work he cites several medical opinions on the subject. Unfortunately, in Paedagogus we find little information about wine as a food product / as an everyday bevarage. The input on the subject is limited to the list of exclusive, imported wines. What is worth noting, Titus Flavius Clemens appears to be a sommelier in this way.

GALEN ON THE HYGIENE OF THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-840
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Personal Physician ◽  
To Come

Claudius Galenus is one of the most remarkable figures in medical history. Born at Pergamos in Asia Minor, A.D. 131, he travelled extensively, studied medicine at Alexandria, and in 162 settled in Rome, where in 169 he became the personal physician to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. In his text entitled Hygiene (De Sanitate Tuenda) he described the care of the newborn infant as follows: The newborn infant, in his entire constitution, should first be powdered moderately and wrapped in swaddling-clothes, in order that his skin may be made thicker and firmer than the parts within. For during pregnancy everything was equally soft, since nothing of a harder nature touched it from without, and no cold air came in contact with it, whereby the skin would be contracted and thickened, and would become tougher and denser than it was before and than the other parts of the body. But when the baby is born, it is necessarily going to come in contact with cold and heat and with many bodies harder than itself. Therefore it is appropriate that his natural covering should be best prepared by us for exposure. For infants who are in accordance with nature, a simple salt dusting-power is sufficient; for those whom it is necessary to sprinkle with dried leaves of myrrh, or something else of this sort, are obviously abnormal. But at present it is our purpose to discuss those of the best constitution. These, then, as has been said, having been wrapped in swaddling-clothes, should receive milk for nourishment, and baths of pure water; for they require a completely moist regime, since they have a moister constitution than those of other ages. . . .

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Pure Water Jet Machining of Ti-6Al-4V

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Pasken ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
Muhammad P. Jahan ◽  
Shuting Lei
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Cutting Processes

Abstract The most common problem when machining titanium using traditional metal cutting processes is that tools rapidly wear out and need to be replaced. This study examines the ability of a pure water jet to machine Ti-6Al-4V via simulations using ABAQUS’s Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). These simulations are then validated experimentally at two pressures, 138 MPa and 317 MPa. Using a Maxiem water jet built by Omax, experiments are conducted by creating a series of 5 lines that are 5 inches (127 mm) long placed 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) apart on a 1 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V workpiece. Predictive modeling is also conducted using the two additional pressures 400 MPa and 621 MPa as well as three orifice diameters 0.254 mm, 0.3556 mm, and 0.4572 mm. The simulations are validated at both pressures and had a percent error less than 2.6% which were within the standard deviation of the experimental results. The predictive modeling indicates that the pressures above 317 MPa create a near identical percent increase from the orifice diameter but the kerf has a more noticeable decrease in width of cut as the pressure increases. The 138 MPa has the smoothest surface profile compared to the other pressures. The volume of removed material decreases as the pressure increases but the material removal rate (MRR) increases as the pressure increases. This is due to the velocity of the water increasing as the pressure increases causing a lower run time. The 621 MPa is the best pressure to machine Ti-6Al-4V as it has a better MRR than the other pressures used in the predictive modelling.

Simple Correlations and Analysis of Cuttings Transport With Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids in Horizontal and Deviated Wells

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sorgun
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Bed Thickness ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Cuttings Bed ◽  
Pipe Rotation

In this study, simple empirical frictional pressure losses and cuttings bed thickness correlations including pipe rotation are developed for solid-liquid flow in horizontal and deviated wellbores. Pipe rotation effects on cuttings transport in horizontal and highly inclined wells are investigated experimentally. Correlations are validated experimental data with pure water as well as four different non-Newtonian fluids for hole inclinations from horizontal to 60 degrees, flow velocities from 0.64 m/s to 3.56 m/s, rate of penetrations from 0.00127 to 0.0038 m/s, and pipe rotations from 0 to 250 rpm. Pressure drop within the test section, and stationary and/or moving bed thickness are recorded besides the other test conditions. The new correlations generated in this study are believed to be very practical and handy when they are used in the field.

Inhibition of Blockage by Ice Crystal in Water in a Micro-Channel by Using Antifreeze Protein

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara ◽  
Yosuke Ohnishi ◽  
Daichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes

Experiments have been conducted into the freezing of water flow and the aqueous solution flow of winter flounder antifreeze protein in a micro-channel of 0.15mm in height, 1.2mm in width and 21mm in length. The local temperature is measured with a sheathed thermocouple of 0.1mm in diameter. Nearly flat interfaces, parallel to the cooling sidewall of the channel, are observed in the case of pure water regardless of flow rate. On the other hand, serrated interfaces are observed in the case of protein solution flow regardless of flow rate. The decreasing rate of the temperature changes when the interface reaches the thermocouple. Around this instant, a slight increase in the temperature is observed due to supercooling release. In the case of local cooling, the interface becomes more serrated as the flow rate increases. This is because the interaction between the interface and the protein continuously approaching the interface due to the flow occurs more frequently with an increase in the flow rate.

scholarly journals Freezing Biological Samples

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Scouten ◽  
Miles Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cubic Lattice ◽  
The Third

Freezing damages cell membranes and reduces the histological readability of biological specimens. This is a discussion of why, the consequences, and how to minimize or avoid the damage introduced when using freezing as the means to harden biological tissue in order to cut thin sections for histology.Pure water can exist in the solid state in three forms. Two forms are crystalline: one with a hexagonal lattice and the other with a cubic lattice. The third form capitalizes on the fact that water can be frozen so rapidly that it does not have time to form a crystal lattice and remains amorphous (vitreous form). Crystal formation is responsible for the expansion of water as it freezes (a property unique of water), which creates specimen preparation artifacts. Vitreous ice does not expand upon solidification. This makes it the only desirable form of ice appropriate for biological specimens.

Subtraction of the Water Spectra from Infrared Spectra of Acidic and Alkaline Solutions

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Joseph Max ◽  
Camille Chapados
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Baseline Adjustment ◽  
Basic Solutions

The IR spectrum of a sample in acidic and alkaline solutions cannot be retrieved adequately when only the spectrum of pure water is subtracted. After such an operation, some water bands remain in the spectrum, which also has a distorted baseline. An analysis of a series of IR spectra of HCl and NaOH solutions showed that they could be represented by two pairs of eigenspectra, one pair for the acidic solutions and the other for the basic solutions. The fraction of each eigenspectrum of a sample in an acidic or alkaline solution is determined with the 2100 and 3300 cm−1 water bands. After subtraction, no baseline adjustment is necessary. The effectiveness of the method used to subtract the water bands is illustrated with solutions of malic acid at low and high pH.

scholarly journals A Detailed Analysis Of Clinical Measurement Error In Ultrafiltration In Peritoneal Dialysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanzhe Yu ◽  
Zhuqing Wang ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Minfang Zhang ◽  
Haijiao Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Measurement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference

Abstract BackgroundIt has been noticed for years that ultrafiltration is important for survival in peritoneal dialysis. On the other hand, ultrafiltration measurement is much more complicated than it thought to be. Both overfill and flush before fill used to be source of measurement error. However, controversy finding around ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis still exists.MethodsFour different brands of dialysate were purchased from the market. The freshest dialysate available in the market were intentionally picked. The dialysate were all 2L, 2.5% dextrose and traditional lactate buffered PD solution. They were stored in four different conditions with controlled temperature and humidity. The bags were weight at baseline, 6 months and 12 months of storage. Specific gravity was measured in mixed 24 hour drainage dialysate from 261 CAPD patients in a cross sectional manner. ResultsThere was significant difference in dialysate bag weight at baseline between brands. The weight declined significantly after 12 months storage. The weight loss was more significant in higher temperature and lower humidity. The dialysate in non-PVC package lose less weight than PVC package. The specific gravity of dialysate drainage was significantly higher than pure water and related to dialysate protein concentration.ConclusionStorage condition and duration, as well as the type of the dialysate package gave extra variance in overfill volume. The fact that specific gravity of dialysate drainage is higher than 1g/ml also contributes to systemic measurement error of ultrafiltration in manual exchanges.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03864120 (March 8, 2019) (Understand the Difference Between Clinical Measured Ultrafiltration and Real Ultrafiltration)

History of European Education from Euclid to Contemporary Times

2013 ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
G. G. Malinetskiy ◽  
O. N. Kapelko
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Education ◽  
Limiting Condition

Humans have been approaching their cognitive limits through technological and social development, as well as widespread use of information and telecommunications systems and computers. Cognitive limits are a limiting condition of modern culture. The information and knowledge dimension is characterized by irrepressible and uncontrolled growth; it characterizes on one hand civilization itself and on the other hand every individual sphere of knowledge. In this case (when we have to process too much information), the necessary information and knowledge volume for effective action can be neither obtained, understood, nor used. This limit can also become a serious obstacle for the development of civilization, including limitations such as mineral resources, pure water, and fresh air. Overcoming this barrier can largely be accomplished through a revision of the form and content of education using an interdisciplinary approach.

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