scholarly journals Risk factors for antibiotic-resistant E. coli in children in a rural area

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. SEIDMAN ◽  
P. ANITHA K. ◽  
R. KANUNGO ◽  
A. L. BOURGEOIS ◽  
C. L. COLES
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotic

SUMMARYWe surveyed antimicrobial susceptibility in faecal Escherichia coli in primary schoolchildren in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Resistance profiles of E. coli samples from local water sources were also obtained. We investigated sociodemographic characteristics as risk factors for resistance and local paediatric prescription patterns. In 119 stool samples, carriage of resistance to ⩾1 antibiotic was 63% and multiple drug resistance was 32%. Resistance outcomes were associated with school of attendance, having a sibling attend the same school, younger age, and less crowded households. Eight of nine water samples were resistant to ⩾1 antibiotic. Recent history of medication use was not associated with resistance carriage. Resistance patterns may have been influenced by local paediatric prescription patterns and veterinary antibiotic use. Frequent, low-cost surveillance of commensal resistance can guide development of locally appropriate treatment guidelines. School-based hygiene programmes should be considered as means of limiting the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Characterization of novel ybjG and dacC variants in Escherichia coli

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1728-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongguo Wang ◽  
Enping Hu ◽  
Jiayu Chen ◽  
Xiulin Tao ◽  
Katelyn Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Genetic Structures

A total of 69 strains of Escherichia coli from patients in the Taizhou Municipal Hospital, China, were isolated, and 11 strains were identified that were resistant to bacitracin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and erythromycin. These strains were PCR positive for at least two out of three genes, ybjG, dacC and mdfA, by gene mapping with conventional PCR detection. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that these genes existed in plasmids that conferred resistance. Novel ybjG and dacC variants were isolated from E. coli strains EC2163 and EC2347, which were obtained from the sputum of intensive care unit patients. Genetic mapping showed that the genes were located on 8200 kb plasmid regions flanked by EcoRI restriction sites. Three distinct genetic structures were identified among the 11 PCR-positive strains of E. coli, and two contained the novel ybjG and dacC variants. The putative amino acid differences in the ybjG and dacC gene variants were characterized. These results provide evidence for novel variants of ybjG and dacC, and suggest that multiple drug resistance in hospital strains of E. coli depends on the synergistic function of ybjG, dacC and mdfA within three distinct genetic structures in conjugative plasmids.

scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Some Contaminated Edible Fruits and Vegetables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjun Gundappa ◽  
C. Prabhurajeshwar ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed ◽  
H.M. Navya ◽  
M. Vijayasarathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
E Coli

Background: The present study was undertaken to study the percentage of pathogenic bacteria present in different fruit and vegetable samples available in the market in and around Kalaburagi, Karnataka, South India. Methods: A total of 940 different samples were collected from Kalaburagi, out of which 390 (23.84%) were fruits and 550 (35.27%) were vegetables. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated, by enrichment culture method using peptone water. The bacterial isolates were identified by convention microbial identification procedures. Result: Antibiotic resistant testing by disc diffusion method performed for E.coli, Salmonella and Shigella. Among the pathogens, E. coli (86.50%) of the isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid while Imipenem and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole has the lowest resistance (19.84%), Salmonella (86.66%) isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin while Norfloxacin has the lowest resistance (4.76%) and Shigella (80.35%) isolates were resistant to Vancomycin while Amoxicillin has the lowest resistant (3.57%). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was seen in E. coli at (38.88%), Salmonella at (26.66%) and Shigella at (10.71%) accordingly. The study therefore shown that E.coli, Salmonella and Shigella occur in Fruits and vegetables which collected from market place in Kalaburagi, Karnataka India, As per the results, adequate precaution should be taken while handles these fruits and vegetables. The antimicrobial resistance pattern shown by the isolates is an indication that adequate measurement needs to be taken to regulate the drug use in both humans and animals in order to minimize the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Advanced molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic camel neonates in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Momtaz A. Shahein ◽  
Amany N. Dapgh ◽  
Essam Kamel ◽  
Samah F. Ali ◽  
Eman A. Khairy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli

Background and Aim: Camels are important livestock in Egypt on cultural and economic bases, but studies of etiological agents of camelid diseases are limited. The enteropathogen Escherichia coli is a cause of broad spectrum gastrointestinal infections among humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Severe infections can lead to death. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrhea in camel calves and characterize their virulence and drug resistance at a molecular level. Materials and Methods: Seventy fecal samples were collected from diarrheic neonatal camel calves in Giza Governorate during 2018-2019. Samples were cultured on a selective medium for E. coli, and positive colonies were confirmed biochemically, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. E. coli isolates were further confirmed through detection of the housekeeping gene, yaiO, and examined for the presence of virulence genes; traT and fimH and for genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, ampC, aadB, and mphA. The isolates in the important isolated serotype, E. coli O26, were examined for toxigenic genes and sequenced. Results: The bacteriological and biochemical examination identified 12 E. coli isolates from 70 fecal samples (17.1%). Serotyping of these isolates showed four types: O26, four isolates, 33.3%; O103, O111, three isolates each, 25%; and O45, two isolates, 16.7%. The isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (75%) and ampicillin (66.6%), but were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline (100%). The structural gene, yaiO (115 bp), was amplified from all 12 E. coli isolates and traT and fimH genes were amplified from 10 and 8 isolates, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes, ampC, mphA, and aadB, were harbored in 9 (75%), 8 (66.6%), and 5 (41.7%), respectively. Seven isolates (58.3%) were MDR. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction of the O26 isolates identified one isolate harboring vt1, two with vt2, and one isolate with neither gene. Sequencing of the isolates revealed similarities to E. coli O157 strains. Conclusion: Camels and other livestock suffer various diseases, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.

scholarly journals Diversity, virulence and antibiogram traits of Escherichia coli recovered from potable water sources in Gharbia, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-438
Author(s):  
Walid Elmonir ◽  
Etab Mohamed Abo Remela ◽  
Yasmine Alwakil
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Well Water ◽  
E Coli

Abstract This study aimed to assess the public health risk of coliforms and Escherichia coli contamination of potable water sources in Egypt. A total of 150 water samples (100 tap and 50 well) were collected from five districts in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. High rates of coliforms contamination were recorded in 52 and 76% of examined tap and well water samples, respectively. E. coli strains were detected in 16% of the water samples (15% tap water and 18% well water; 23.7% rural and 8.1% urban). Rural water sources were 3.5 times more likely to be contaminated than urban sources (P = 0.01). Eight (33.3%) E. coli isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was observed for 62.5% of the isolates. Seven (29.2%) E. coli isolates harboured at least one of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. The majority (87.5%) of the STEC isolates were MDRs and harboured ESBL genes. STEC isolates were significantly more likely to resist six classes of antibiotics than non-STEC isolates. This is the first report of potable water contamination with MDR-STEC in Egypt. This study highlights an alarming public health threat that necessitates preventive interventions for public and environmental safety.

scholarly journals Contamination of Hospital Water Supplies in Gilan, Iran, withLegionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli,andPseudomonas aeruginosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Ahmadi Jalali Moghadam ◽  
Hamidreza Honarmand ◽  
Sajad Asfaram Meshginshahr
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Contamination Degree ◽  
Commercial Kit

This study is designed to determine the contamination degree of hospital water supplies withPseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, andE. coliin Gilan, Iran. Samples were collected directly into sterile containers and concentrated by centrifuge. Half part of any sample transferred to yeast extract broth and the second part transferred to Trypticase Soy Broth and incubated for 3 days. DNA was extracted by using commercial kit. Four rounds of PCR were performed as follows: multiplex PCR for detectingPseudomonas aeruginosa, Integron 1, and Metallo-β-lactamases gene; PCR for detectingLegionella pneumophilaandmipgene separately; PCR for detectingE. coli; and another PCR for detecting whole bacterial presence. Contamination rates of cold, warm, and incubator water samples withP. aeruginosa, were 16.6%, 37.5%, and 6.8% consequently. Degrees of contamination withL. pneumophilawere 3.3%, 9.3%, and 10.9% and withE. coliwere zero, 6.2%, and zero. Total bacterial contamination of cold, warm, and incubator water samples was 93.3%, 84.4%, and 89.0% consequently. Metallo-β-lactamases gene was found in 20.0% of all samples. Contamination degree withP. aeruginosawas considerable and withL. pneumophilawas moderate. Metallo-β-lactamases gene was found frequently indicating widespread multiple drug resistance bacteria. We suggest using new decontamination method based on nanotechnology.

Tentative epidemiologic cut-off value and resistant characteristic detection of apramycin against Escherichia coli from chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erjie Tian ◽  
Ishfaq Muhammad ◽  
Wanjun Hu ◽  
Zhiyong Wu ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli are important foodborne zoonotic pathogens. Apramycin is a key aminoglycoside antibiotic used by veterinarians against E. coli. This study was conducted to establish the epidemiological cut-off value (ECV) and resistant characteristics of apramycin against E. coli. In this study, 1412 clinical isolates of E. coli from chickens in China were characterized. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of apramycin were assessed by broth microdilution method. MIC50 and MIC90 for apramycin against E. coli (0.5–256 µg/mL) were 8 and 16 µg/mL, respectively. In this study, the tentative ECV was determined to be 16 µg/mL by the statistical method and 32 µg/mL by ECOFFinder software. Besides, the percentages of aac(3)-IV positive strains ascended with the increase of MIC values of apramycin, and the gene npmA was detected in strains with higher MICs. Sixteen apramycin highly resistant strains displayed multiple drug resistance (100%) to amoxicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, trimethoprim and florfenicol, while most of them were susceptible to amikacin and spectinomycin. In summary, the tentative ECV of apramycin against E. coli was recommended to be 16 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B rma Gene, Which Confers Multiple Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud. A. Yassien ◽  
Hosam E. Ewis ◽  
Chung-Dar Lu ◽  
Ahmed T. Abdelal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT A genomic library from a strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B that exhibits multiple drug resistance (MDR) was constructed in Escherichia coli. Two of the recombinant plasmids, pNOR5 and pNOR5, conferred resistance only to fluoroquinolones in E. coli, whereas the third, pNCTR4, conferred the MDR phenotype. Sequence and subcloning analysis showed that it is the presence of RecA on the first two plasmids which confers resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli. A similar analysis established that the MDR phenotype conferred by pNCTR4 is due to a gene, rma (resistance to multiple antibiotics), which encodes a 13.5-kDa polypeptide. The derived sequence for Rma exhibits a high degree of similarity to those of a group of MarA-like activators that confer MDR in E. coli. A MalE-Rma fusion protein was purified to near homogeneity and was shown to interact with a DNA fragment carrying a MarA operator sequence. Furthermore, overexpression of rma in E. coli caused changes in the outer membrane protein profile that were similar to those reported for MarA. These results suggest that Rma might act as a transcriptional activator of the marA regulon.

scholarly journals Citric acid: A potential permeabilizer against multiple drug resistance enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti G. Dharmik ◽  
Ashok V. Gomashe ◽  
Bharat J. Wadher
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Enteric diseases enter through the mouth and are usually spread by contaminated food, water or contact with contaminated vomit or feces. Enteric infection encompasses all the infections of the intestinal tract. These intestinal infections include organisms like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus etc. Out of these, E. coli are one of the common causes of enteric infection. In spite the introduction of a wide variety of antimicrobial agents against enteric diseases, life threatening infections caused by E. coli contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients. The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli obtained from stool samples and potentiation of antibiotic activity by citric acid against multiple drug resistant E. coli. Out of the 200 isolates of E. coli, 150 were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. 0.05% and 0.1% citric acid was found to be effective in increasing the potency of the all the antibiotics used in the study.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Nosocomial Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Stanley ◽  
Inimuvie Ekada
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Background: Many infections could previously be treated effectively based on the clinicians past clinical experience. The development of resistance to essentially all of the antimicrobial agents currently in use in clinical practice has made this scenario more of the exception than the norm. Selecting an appropriate antimicrobial agent has become increasingly more challenging as the clinician has to navigate through the variety of available agents in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The diagnostic laboratory plays very important role in clinical practice.   To ensure safe and effective empirical treatment, a surveillance study of the susceptibility pattern of common pathogens and appropriate use of antibiotics is imperative. This current study reports on the prevalence, distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of nosocomial pathogens isolated at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and the effectiveness of the antibiotics commonly prescribed at the hospital in treating these infections. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of specimens received at the Microbiology Laboratory was conducted over a six-month period, from October 2015 to March 2016 using urine, blood and semen specimens respectively. A total of 5,160 samples received and analyzed at the laboratory within the study period were assessed. Results: Out of the 5160 specimens analyzed, 881(17.07%) were positive for bacteria out of which 691(78.43%), 86(9.76%), 104 (11. 81%) were from urine, blood and semen respectively. Escherichia coli (35.74%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (52.33%) and Staphylococcus aureus (65.4%) were the most frequently isolated pathogens from urine, blood and semen respectively. Wide spread multiple-drug resistance was observed among the organisms. Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus, and E. coli isolated from urine were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, gentamycin and ceftriaxone. A review of the pattern of prescribing antibiotics revealed that in the Accidents and Emergency unit, ceftriaxone (34.09%) and metronidazole (30.09%) were most frequently prescribed while in the General Out-Patient Department, metronidazole (19.09%), amoxicillin (16.61%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (9.39%) and ofloxacin (9.39%) were often prescribed. S. aureus was susceptible to only ceftriaxone while K. pneumoniae and E. coli were susceptible only to ofloxacin. Conclusion: Most of the isolated pathogens were not susceptible to the frequently prescribed antibiotics. Empirical prescribing of antibiotics without current epidemiological data of pathogens in the hospital can only further exacerbate the problem of antimicrobial resistance. The need for epidemiological surveillance and rational use of antibiotics in the Hospital is therefore strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Assessment of cardiovascular risk among adults in a rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Velavan A. ◽  
Jyothi Vasudevan ◽  
Arun S. ◽  
Anil J. Purty ◽  
Vincent A.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cooking Oils

Background: Increasing longevity of the world’s population has resulted in a shift in the disease patterns prevalent hitherto. The worst affected are the middle and low- income countries including India. The genetic make-up of Indians render them highly susceptible to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at a much earlier age with resultant higher mortality rates. Thus, low- cost early detection, and innovative, customized preventive strategies are the need of the hour. Methods: In this cross- sectional study, we have used the WHO/ISH risk prediction charts tailor – made for the SEAR D region, to assess the cardiovascular risk of a rural population aged above 40 years. Data regarding multiple cardiovascular risk factors were collected using a pre- defined and pre-tested questionnaire, from 400 participants, including other variables like BP and anthropometric measurements. The data were entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using SPSS- ver16. Results: We found that 14.5% of the population had more than 10% risk of cardiovascular diseases and 41.5% were in stage I or II hypertension. People who belonged to the class II SES, use of oral tobacco, saturated cooking oils and sedentary lifestyle was found to be associated with high CV risk. However the association of CV risk with other risk factors like smoking and BMI was inconsistent. Conclusions: There is an increasing trend of cardiovascular risk in rural areas of Tamil Nadu and risk factors like higher socio economic class, use of oral tobacco, saturated cooking oils and sedentary occupation were found to be associated with high CV risk.

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