scholarly journals The epidemiology of paediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in North China: 2006 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Gao ◽  
Ju Yin ◽  
Ying-hui Hu ◽  
Xiu-yun Liu ◽  
Xue-li Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPaediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia in China. Data on epidemiology of paediatric MPP from China are little known. This study retrospectively collected data from June 2006 to June 2016 in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University of North China and aims to explore the epidemiological features of paediatric MPP and severe MPP (SMPP) in North China during the past 10 years. A total of 27 498 paediatric patients with pneumonia were enrolled. Among them, 37.5% of paediatric patients had MPP. In this area, an epidemic took place every 2–3 years at the peak, and the positive rate of MPP increased during these peak years over time. The peak age of MPP was between the ages of 6 and 10 years, accounting for 75.2%, significantly more compared with other age groups (χ2 = 1384.1, P < 0.0001). The epidemics peaked in September, October and November (χ2 = 904.9, P < 0.0001). Additionally, 13.0% of MPP paediatric patients were SMPP, but over time, the rate of SMPP increased, reaching 42.6% in 2016. The mean age of paediatric patients with SMPP (6.7 ± 3.0 years old) was younger than that of patients with non-SMPP (7.4 ± 3.2 years old) (t = 3.60, P = 0.0001). The prevalence of MPP and SMPP is common in China, especially in children from 6 to 10 years old. Paediatric patients with SMPP tend to be younger than those with non-SMPP. MPP outbreaks occur every 2–3 years in North China. September, October and November are the peak months, unlike in South China. Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of paediatric MPP can contribute to timely treatment and diagnosis, and may improve the prognosis of children with SMPP.

scholarly journals Contemporary situation of community-acquired pneumonia in China: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-gang Zhu ◽  
Xiao-dan Tang ◽  
Yun-tao Lu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jie-ming Qu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Contemporary Situation ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe prevalence and microbial pattern reported for Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) differ considerably and contemporary situation remains changing over time. We therefore searched both international and domestic databases for relevant references and pooled incidence of CAP and etiological distribution were estimated separately between children and adults groups. The results showed that CAP remained a major public health issue in China, with a relatively higher incidence than that reported in Western countries. Although pathogens were not detected in nearly half of patients, Mycoplasma pneumoniae remained to be the most frequently detected agent across age groups, the detection yield of which was lower than that reported from other countries. Notably, the incidence of influenza virus A in adults was almost four times higher than that in children while the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus was much less common in adults than that in children. Despite some limitations, the value of this review, approaching to systematically review grey published data, is to sketch out the contemporary epidemiological and etiological situation of CAP in our country, which could be useful to help policymakers and clinicians make informed choices and to inspire future studies and surveillance.

scholarly journals Etiological and Epidemiological of Viral Diarrhea Among Children Under the Age of Five in Shenyang From 2018 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Dong ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Ruiyu Chai ◽  
Han Xu ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
The Government ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death among children, especially in the age under five, but little data are available on the etiology of viral diarrhea in Shenyang. To understand the infection status and the relevant epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea and to fill gaps of how the distribution of viruses change across Shenyang in children under the age of five with diarrhea, stool specimens of children with diarrhea aged 0-59 months and surveillance data was collected from Sentinel Hospital of Shenyang. Rotavirus, calicivirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus 4 viruses were then analyzed, and the proportion of children who tested positive for each pathogen was calculated and seasonal and spatial patterns for major organisms were determined. Viruses were identified in 47.9% of the 897 samples from children with diarrhea. The main viruses of stool samples were rotavirus (16.9%, predominant type G9P[8]), calicivirus (14.7%, norovirus, predominant type GII ), adenovirus (11.8%), and astrovirus (4.5%). Viral infections were mainly detected in the age of 0-12 months. In the area of Shenyang, Huanggu has the most cases (198, 22.1%), followed by Dadong (137, 15.3%) and Hunnan (135, 15.1%). The positive rate of viruses in patients of different ages, seasons, and regions was not same. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different age groups, seasons, and regions.

scholarly journals Trends of epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China, 2009–2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingjun Hao ◽  
Jinpeng Du ◽  
Liang Yan ◽  
Baorong He ◽  
Xiao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective We focus on providing the first comprehensive national dataset on the incidence, injury aetiology and mortality of TSCI in China. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. We included TSCI cases from all hospitals in three regions, nine provinces and 27 cities in China via search of electronic medical records and retrospectively analysed the characteristics of TSCI in China from 2009 to 2018. We estimated the incidence of TSCI in the total population and subgroups. Results There were 5954 actual cases in 2009, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 45.1 cases per million population (95% CI, 44.0–46.3). There were 10,074 actual cases in 2018, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 66.5 cases per million population (95% CI, 65.2–67.8) (P < 0.001; annual average percentage change (AAPC), 4.4%). From 2009 to 2018, the incidence of almost all sex/age groups showed an increasing trend over time (P < 0.001; AAPC, 0.7–8.8%). The elderly population (aged 65–74) displayed the highest incidence of TSCI (with an average annual incidence of 127.1 cases per million [95% CI, 119.8–134.3]). Conclusions The TSCI incidence increased significantly from 2009 to 2018. The incidence in the elderly populations was consistently high and continues to increase over time. The mortality of TSCI patients in hospitals is relatively low and continues to decrease each year, but elderly individuals remain at a high risk of hospital death.

scholarly journals Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: comparison of clinical, epidemiological characteristics and laboratory profiles

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. PULJIZ ◽  
I. KUZMAN ◽  
O. DAKOVIC-RODE ◽  
N. SCHÖNWALD ◽  
B. MISE
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

The purpose of our retrospective 3-year study was to analyse and compare clinical and epidemiological characteristics in hospitalized patients older than 6 years with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae (87 patients) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (147 patients). C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed by serology. C. pneumoniae patients were older (42·12 vs. 24·64 years), and were less likely to have a cough, rhinitis, and hoarseness (P<0·001). C. pneumoniae patients had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than M. pneumoniae patients (P<0·001). Pleural effusion was recorded more frequently in patients with M. pneumoniae (8·84 vs. 3·37%). There were no characteristic epidemiological and clinical findings that would distinguish CAP caused by M. pneumoniae from C. pneumoniae. However, some factors are indicative for C. pneumoniae such as older age, lack of cough, rhinitis, hoarseness, and higher value of CRP, and AST.

scholarly journals Major Antigen Genotypes and Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bordetella Pertussis Isolated in Shenzhen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Wu ◽  
Qinghua Hu ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Haijian Zhou ◽  
Hongyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Major Antigen ◽  
One Year ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract BackgroundAlthough the global epidemic of pertussis has been controlled through the expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), the incidence of pertussis has increased significantly in recent years, with a "resurgence" of pertussis occurring in developed countries with high immunization coverage. The incidence of pertussis in Shenzhen, was about 2.02/100,000, far exceeding that of the whole province and the whole country (both < 1/100,000). At the same time, more and more studies have shown that there is antigenic drift in Bortella pertussis, which may be associated with the increased incidence. 50 strains of Bordetella pertussis isolated from 387 suspected cases were collected in Shenzhen in 2018 for genotype distributions and molecular epidemiological characteristics analysis. MethodsThere were 387 suspected cases of pertussis enrolled at surveillance sites in Shenzhen from June to August 2018. Nasopharyngeal swabs of suspicious cases were collected for separation and culture, and the positive strains were identified by real-time PCR. The immunization histories of patients were analyzed to investigate the relationship between pertussis vaccination and infection. The major antigen genes of the isolated positive strains, including ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, and fim3, were analyzed by second-generation sequencing. The homology and phylogenetic analysis of these genes was performed using the public genome sequence downloaded from GenBank. Results50 strains of Bordetella pertussis were successfully isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs of 387 suspected cases, with a positive rate of 12.9%, including 28 males and 22 females, accounting for 56.0% and 44.0% respectively. It is worth noting that 38 were under one-year-old among the positive patients, accounting for 76.0%. Among the cases with a history of vaccination, 71.4% of positive patients did not complete the basic vaccination process of the DTaP at the time of onset. Three major antigen genotypes different from CS and Tohama I vaccine strains were identified, and they had distant genetic relationships and 62.0% of which was prn2/ptxC2/ptxP3/ptxA1/fim3-1/fim2-1. ConclusionsThe positive rate of cases under one-year-old was significantly higher than that of other age groups and should be monitored. The major antigenic genes of the Bordetella pertussis strains isolated in Shenzhen were different from those of common vaccine strains. This study explained the resurgence of whooping cough from certain angles, including immunization strategy, vaccination time and genome variation of strains, which is beneficial to prevent pertussis infections.

scholarly journals The value of the continuous genotyping of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis over 20 years in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Iglesias ◽  
◽  
Daniel Ibarz ◽  
Alberto Cebollada ◽  
Jéssica Comín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMolecular epidemiology of circulating clinical isolates is crucial to improve prevention strategies. The Spanish Working Group on multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a network that monitors the MDR-TB isolates in Spain since 1998. The aim of this study was to present the study of the MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patterns in Spain using the different recommended genotyping methods over time by a national coordinated system. Based on the proposed genotyping methods in the European Union until 2018, the preservation of one method, MIRU-VNTR, applied to selected clustered strains permitted to maintain our study open for 20 years. The distribution of demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of clustered and non-clustered cases of MDR/XDR tuberculosis with proportion differences as assessed by Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test was compared. The differences in the quantitative variables using the Student's-t test and the Mann–Whitney U test were evaluated. The results obtained showed a total of 48.4% of the cases grouped in 77 clusters. Younger age groups, having a known TB case contact (10.2% vs 4.7%) and XDR-TB (16.5% vs 1.8%) were significantly associated with clustering. The largest cluster corresponded to a Mycobacterium bovis strain mainly spread during the nineties. A total of 68.4% of the clusters detected were distributed among the different Spanish regions and six clusters involving 104 cases were grouped in 17 and 18 years. Comparison of the genotypes obtained with those European genotypes included in The European Surveillance System (TESSy) showed that 87 cases had become part of 20 European clusters. The continuity of MDR strain genotyping in time has offered a widespread picture of the situation that allows better management of this public health problem. It also shows the advantage of maintaining one genotyping method over time, which allowed the comparison between ancient, present and future samples.

An Epidemiological Analysis of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases, Reported at National Institute of Health, Pakistan (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is a zoonotic disease of novel origin that posed a continuous threat to health worldwide after taking the shape of the pandemic. An understanding of disease epidemiology is supportive in timely preventive and control measures as well as contact tracing and curbing surveillance activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 confirmed cases reported at the National Institute of Health Pakistan and elements of its spread in Pakistan. METHODS A retrospective record review was conducted at the National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan from January 25 to April 4, 2020. Univariate and bivariate analysis was done with 95% CI and p<0.05. RESULTS A total of 14,422 samples of suspected COVID-19 cases were received with a positivity rate of 9% (n=1348). Among all 70% (n=939) were male. The median age was 41years of age (range: 01-99Years). Among all, 19% were from 30-39 years old followed by 50-59 years old (17%). Children remained the least affected by 3% (n=35). Of the total reported cases, 55% (n=735) have reported the travel history within the last 14 days. Among these travelers’ international travelers were 23% (n=166) and domestic travelers were 77% (n=569). Travel history including both international and domestic remained significantly associated with the different age groups and Young adults remained more vulnerable to COVID-19 (P=0.03). Fever, SOB, and Cough remained the most significantly associated (P<0.05) in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS A higher incidence of COVID-19 among elderly men suggests robust quarantine measures for this target population. An escalating incidence of local transmission needs strict social distancing and hygiene practices to help flatten the curve. An extensive multi-center study is also recommended for a full understanding of disease dynamics.

scholarly journals Age-Cohort Differences in Longitudinal Associations Between the Rate of Internet Use and Memory Functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 410-410
Author(s):  
Vineet Raichur ◽  
Lindsay Ryan ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
Jacqui Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Cross-sectional analyses of internet use patterns among older adults find that the rate of internet use is less with greater physical and memory difficulties. It is not clear, however, how age-cohorts differ in their internet use as physical and memory difficulties increase over time. In addition to factors such as increasing accessibility (cost) and social influences, the expansion and cognitive complexity of functions performed by the internet-enabled devices over time could influence internet use patterns. In this study, we investigate how the association between internet use and episodic memory difficulties over time varies between cohorts. We analyzed longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 15,703 in 2002; Aged 51 and older) between years 2002-2016 using mixed effects logistic regression models. Immediate and delayed word recall measures were used to assess episodic memory. Rate of internet use in the sample increased from 30% in 2002 to 53% in 2016. Rate of internet use among younger age groups was significantly higher in the baseline year. Younger age groups also showed a significantly higher rate of increase in internet use over time. In general, internet use decreased with episodic memory impairment. In addition to these effects, the effect of episodic memory on the rate of increase in internet use over time is lower in younger cohorts. These results indicate that younger cohorts of older adults are more likely to maintain internet use as they continue to age and therefore could better utilize technology for communication, social interactions and health interventions.

scholarly journals OP0248 PREMATURE MORTALITY BURDEN FOR SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 156.1-156
Author(s):  
E. Yen ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
M. Wu ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Over Time

Background:Premature mortality is an important way to quantify disease burden. Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) can die prematurely of disease, however, the premature mortality burden of SSc is unknown. The years of potential life lost (YPLL), in addition to age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in younger ages, can be used as measures of premature death.Objectives:To evaluate the premature mortality burden of SSc by calculating: 1) the proportions of SSc deaths as compared to deaths from all other causes (non-SSc) by age groups over time, 2) ASMR for SSc relative to non-SSc-ASMR by age groups over time, and 3) the YPLL for SSc relative to other autoimmune diseases.Methods:This is a population-based study using a national mortality database of all United States residents from 1968 through 2015, with SSc recorded as the underlying cause of death in 46,798 deaths. First, we calculated the proportions of deaths for SSc and non-SSc by age groups for each of 48 years and performed joinpoint regression trend analysis1to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) in the proportion of deaths by age. Second, we calculated ASMR for SSc and non-SSc causes and ratio of SSc-ASMR to non-SSc-ASMR by age groups for each of 48 years, and performed joinpoint analysis to estimate APC and AAPC for these measures (SSc-ASMR, non-SSc-ASMR, and SSc-ASMR/non-SSc-ASMR ratio) by age. Third, to calculate YPLL, each decedent’s age at death from a specific disease was subtracted from an arbitrary age limit of 75 years for years 2000 to 2015. The years of life lost were then added together to yield the total YPLL for each of 13 preselected autoimmune diseases.Results:23.4% of all SSc deaths as compared to 13.5% of non-SSc deaths occurred at <45 years age in 1968 (p<0.001, Chi-square test). In this age group, the proportion of annual deaths decreased more for SSc than for non-SSc causes: from 23.4% in 1968 to 5.7% in 2015 at an AAPC of -2.2% (95% CI, -2.4% to -2.0%) for SSc, and from 13.5% to 6.9% at an AAPC of -1.5% (95% CI, -1.9% to -1.1%) for non-SSc. Thus, in 2015, the proportion of SSc and non-SSc deaths at <45 year age was no longer significantly different. Consistently, SSc-ASMR decreased from 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.2) in 1968 to 0.4 (95% CI, 0.3 to 0.5) per million persons in 2015, a cumulative decrease of 60% at an AAPC of -1.9% (95% CI, -2.5% to -1.2%) in <45 years old. The ratio of SSc-ASMR to non-SSc-ASMR also decreased in this age group (cumulative -20%, AAPC -0.3%). In <45 years old, the YPLL for SSc was 65.2 thousand years as compared to 43.2 thousand years for rheumatoid arthritis, 18.1 thousand years for dermatomyositis,146.8 thousand years for myocarditis, and 241 thousand years for type 1 diabetes.Conclusion:Mortality at younger ages (<45 years) has decreased at a higher pace for SSc than from all other causes in the United States over a 48-year period. However, SSc accounted for more years of potential life lost than rheumatoid arthritis and dermatomyositis combined. These data warrant further studies on SSc disease burden, which can be used to develop and prioritize public health programs, assess performance of changes in treatment, identify high-risk populations, and set research priorities and funding.References:[1]Yen EY….Singh RR. Ann Int Med 2017;167:777-785.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Descriptive-epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Maksimovic ◽  
Kyriakos Spanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Lung cancer represents the most common malignant tumour among men, and appears more and more frequently among women in many countries worldwide. The aims of this descriptive epidemiological study were to evaluate the mortality trends of all malignant tumours and lung cancer in Central Serbia from 1990 to 1999, and to estimate the incidence, mortality and the basic demographic characteristics of lung cancer in Central Serbia in 1999. Material and methods. The source of data concerning cancer cases in 1999 was the Cancer Registry of Central Serbia, while data of the Republic Statistics Institute were used for the analysis of mortality trends for the period 1990-1999. All rates were standardized by the direct method, to the world standard population. Confidence intervals for mortality rates were assessed with 95% level of probability. Linear regression coefficient was determined by Fisher's test. Results. The mortality rates showed rising tendencies for both lung cancer (y=-1876.26+0.96x, p=0.028 for men; y=654.78U).33x, p-0.001 for women) and all malignant tumours (y=-4139.88+2.15x, p=0.163 for men; y=3649.68 + 1.88x, p=0.016 for women), with statistically significant increase being observed for all trends, except all malignant tumours among men. In the year 1999, lung cancer ranked first among men and third among women, with 29.2% and 10.3% of cancer mortality respectively. The age-specific mortality rates were much higher in men in all age groups. Mortality increased with age and the highest rates were found in the age group 70-74 for both sexes. The highest incidence and mortality rates were reported in Belgrade, Moravicki and Sumadijski district. .

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