Maternal depression and trajectories of adolescent depression: The role of stress responses in youth risk and resilience

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Monti ◽  
Karen D. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Maternal Caregivers ◽  
Peer Stress ◽  
Youth Depression

AbstractThis study examined the independent and interactive contributions of maternal depression and youth stress responses to trajectories of youth depression in adolescence. Youths (n = 165, M age = 12.43, SD = 1.18) and their maternal caregivers participated in a 4-year longitudinal study. Mothers and youths were administered diagnostic interviews assessing depression, and youths provided reports of their responses to peer stress. Consistent with an interactive model, adaptive responses to stress (high effortful engagement and low involuntary disengagement) buffered the effect of maternal depression on initial levels and trajectories of youth depression, with gender differences emerging. Consistent with a dual-risk model, maternal depression and maladaptive responses to stress (high effortful disengagement and involuntary engagement) contributed additive risks such that youths displayed the highest levels of depression when they were exposed to maternal depression and showed maladaptive stress responses. This research provides novel evidence that responses to stress contribute to individual differences in depression among offspring of depressed mothers, and suggests that responses to stress are an important target for efforts to promote resilience in at-risk youth.

scholarly journals Personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing: Predicting youth depression

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Rudolph ◽  
Wendy Troop-Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Maturation ◽  
Maternal Caregivers ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Contextual Risks

AbstractThis research examined personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing, wherein personal and contextual risks magnify the effects of earlier pubertal maturation on youth depression. A sample of 167 youths (M age = 12.41 years, SD = 1.19) and their maternal caregivers completed semistructured interviews and questionnaires at two waves. Consistent with a personal-accentuation model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths with prior depression, certain personality traits, and maladaptive stress responses than in youths without these personal risks. Several of these effects were specific to earlier-maturing girls. Consistent with a contextual-amplification model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths exposed to recent maternal depression and family stress than in youths without these contextual risks. These findings identify key characteristics of youths and their family context that help to explain individual variation in depressive reactions to earlier pubertal maturation. More broadly, this research contributes to integrative models of depression that consider the interplay among personal vulnerability, contextual risk, and developmental transitions.

scholarly journals Increasing Solvent Tolerance to Improve Microbial Production of Alcohols, Terpenoids and Aromatics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Thomas Schalck ◽  
Bram Van den Bergh ◽  
Jan Michiels
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Pathway Optimization ◽  
Polymer Precursors ◽  
Product Accumulation

Fuels and polymer precursors are widely used in daily life and in many industrial processes. Although these compounds are mainly derived from petrol, bacteria and yeast can produce them in an environment-friendly way. However, these molecules exhibit toxic solvent properties and reduce cell viability of the microbial producer which inevitably impedes high product titers. Hence, studying how product accumulation affects microbes and understanding how microbial adaptive responses counteract these harmful defects helps to maximize yields. Here, we specifically focus on the mode of toxicity of industry-relevant alcohols, terpenoids and aromatics and the associated stress-response mechanisms, encountered in several relevant bacterial and yeast producers. In practice, integrating heterologous defense mechanisms, overexpressing native stress responses or triggering multiple protection pathways by modifying the transcription machinery or small RNAs (sRNAs) are suitable strategies to improve solvent tolerance. Therefore, tolerance engineering, in combination with metabolic pathway optimization, shows high potential in developing superior microbial producers.

scholarly journals Glutamatergic adaptation to stress in medial prefrontal cortex underlies risk and resilience for pessimistic beliefs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Cooper ◽  
Makiah R. Nuutinen ◽  
Victoria M. Lawlor ◽  
Brittany A. M. DeVries ◽  
Elyssa M. Barrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Adaptation To Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Ecological Momentary

ABSTRACTStress is a major risk factor for the development of mental illness, including major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Particular challenges lie in disentangling adaptive versus maladaptive responses to repeated stress exposure. Preclinically, stress-induced changes in glutamatergic function have been frequently observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key region for mediating adaptive stress responses. Here, we examined stress-induced changes in mPFC glutamate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in four human samples varying in perceived stress exposure. Changes in mPFC glutamate following an acute stressor were reliably moderated by recent perceived stress in healthy controls. This adaptive glutamate response was absent in unmedicated individuals with MDD and was associated with excessively pessimistic beliefs as assessed via ecological momentary assessments over a 1-month follow-up period. Taken together, these data provide novel evidence for glutamatergic adaptation to stress in mPFC that is significantly disrupted in MDD.

scholarly journals Small extracellular vesicles convey the stress-induced adaptive responses of melanoma cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Harmati ◽  
Edina Gyukity-Sebestyen ◽  
Gabriella Dobra ◽  
Laszlo Janovak ◽  
Imre Dekany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Ki 67

Abstract Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), playing a crucial role in the intercellular communication in physiological as well as pathological processes. Here, we aimed to study whether the melanoma-derived sEV-mediated communication could adapt to microenvironmental stresses. We compared B16F1 cell-derived sEVs released under normal and stress conditions, including cytostatic, heat and oxidative stress. The miRNome and proteome showed substantial differences across the sEV groups and bioinformatics analysis of the obtained data by the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis also revealed significant functional differences. The in silico predicted functional alterations of sEVs were validated by in vitro assays. For instance, melanoma-derived sEVs elicited by oxidative stress increased Ki-67 expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); cytostatic stress-resulted sEVs facilitated melanoma cell migration; all sEV groups supported microtissue generation of MSC-B16F1 co-cultures in a 3D tumour matrix model. Based on this study, we concluded that (i) molecular patterns of tumour-derived sEVs, dictated by the microenvironmental conditions, resulted in specific response patterns in the recipient cells; (ii) in silico analyses could be useful tools to predict different stress responses; (iii) alteration of the sEV-mediated communication of tumour cells might be a therapy-induced host response, with a potential influence on treatment efficacy.

scholarly journals The emerging sex difference in adolescent depression: Interacting contributions of puberty and peer stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen S. Conley ◽  
Karen D. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Peer Stress ◽  
Early Timing ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis research investigated the developmental stages (pubertal status) and contexts (early or late timing relative to peers, and a context of stressful versus supportive peer relationships) in which the sex difference in depression unfolds. A sample of 158 youth (ages 9.6–14.8) and their caregivers provided information at two waves, 1 year apart, on puberty, peer stress, and depression. Pubertal status and timing (actual and perceived) interacted with sex to predict depression. Sex differences in depression were evident at particular levels of pubertal status and timing, both actual and perceived. Depression was associated with more mature pubertal status and early timing (both actual and perceived) in girls, but with less mature pubertal status and late timing (actual and perceived) in boys. These patterns held concurrently, and often over time, particularly in a context of stressful peer relationships (peer stress moderated sex-differentiated associations between puberty and depression). Of note, there were no significant sex differences in depression at any particular age. Thus, this research highlights important distinctions among the contributions of age, pubertal status, pubertal timing, and perceived timing to the sex difference in adolescent depression. More broadly, these findings contribute to our growing understanding of the interactions among physical, social, and psychological processes involved in the sex difference in adolescent depression.

scholarly journals RNA-seq analysis provides insights into cold stress responses of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Xing Liao ◽  
Kai-Huai Li ◽  
Jin-Pei Wang ◽  
Jia-Ru Deng ◽  
Qiong-Guang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) is a citrus canker causing Gram-negative bacteria. Currently, little is known about the biological and molecular responses of Xcc to low temperatures. Results Results depicted that low temperature significantly reduced growth and increased biofilm formation and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) ratio in Xcc. At low temperature Xcc formed branching structured motility. Global transcriptome analysis revealed that low temperature modulates multiple signaling networks and essential cellular processes such as carbon, nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism in Xcc. Differential expression of genes associated with type IV pilus system and pathogenesis are important cellular adaptive responses of Xcc to cold stress. Conclusions Study provides clear insights into biological characteristics and genome-wide transcriptional analysis based molecular mechanism of Xcc in response to low temperature.

scholarly journals Plasma Transcortin Influences Endocrine and Behavioral Stress Responses in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie M. Richard ◽  
Jean-Christophe Helbling ◽  
Claudine Tridon ◽  
Aline Desmedt ◽  
Amandine M. Minni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Glucocorticoids are released after hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation by stress and act both in the periphery and in the brain to bring about adaptive responses that are essential for life. Dysregulation of the stress response can precipitate psychiatric diseases, in particular depression. Recent genetic studies have suggested that the glucocorticoid carrier transcortin, also called corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), may have an important role in stress response. We have investigated the effect of partial or total transcortin deficiency using transcortin knockout mice on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and regulation as well as on behaviors linked to anxiety and depression traits in animals. We show that CBG deficiency in mice results in markedly reduced total circulating corticosterone at rest and in response to stress. Interestingly, free corticosterone concentrations are normal at rest but present a reduced surge after stress in transcortin-deficient mice. No differences were detected between transcortin-deficient mice for anxiety-related traits. However, transcortin-deficient mice display increased immobility in the forced-swimming test and markedly enhanced learned helplessness after prolonged uncontrollable stress. The latter is associated with an approximately 30% decrease in circulating levels of free corticosterone as well as reduced Egr-1 mRNA expression in hippocampus in CBG-deficient mice. Additionally, transcortin-deficient mice show no sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotor responses, a well described corticosterone-dependent test. Thus, transcortin deficiency leads to insufficient glucocorticoid signaling and altered behavioral responses after stress. These findings uncover the critical role of plasma transcortin in providing an adequate endocrine and behavioral response to stress.

scholarly journals Signal Integration in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses via Multistep Phosphorelay Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Skalak ◽  
Katrina Leslie Nicolas ◽  
Radomira Vankova ◽  
Jan Hejatko
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Balance Growth ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensor Kinases

Plants growing in any particular geographical location are exposed to variable and diverse environmental conditions throughout their lifespan. The multifactorial environmental pressure resulted into evolution of plant adaptation and survival strategies requiring ability to integrate multiple signals that combine to yield specific responses. These adaptive responses enable plants to maintain their growth and development while acquiring tolerance to a variety of environmental conditions. An essential signaling cascade that incorporates a wide range of exogenous as well as endogenous stimuli is multistep phosphorelay (MSP). MSP mediates the signaling of essential plant hormones that balance growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which specific signals are recognized by a commonly-occurring pathway are not yet clearly understood. Here we summarize our knowledge on the latest model of multistep phosphorelay signaling in plants and the molecular mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple inputs including both hormonal (cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid) and environmental (light and temperature) signals into a common pathway. We provide an overview of abiotic stress responses mediated via MSP signaling that are both hormone-dependent and independent. We highlight the mutual interactions of key players such as sensor kinases of various substrate specificities including their downstream targets. These constitute a tightly interconnected signaling network, enabling timely adaptation by the plant to an ever-changing environment. Finally, we propose possible future directions in stress-oriented research on MSP signaling and highlight its potential importance for targeted crop breeding.

scholarly journals Reframing The Individual Stress Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
Personal Strengths ◽  
Analogue Scales

Our society is preoccupied with stress. Previous research demonstrates that the majority of the sampled population perceives the consequences of stress to be primarily negative. By reframing the consequences of stress to highlight both positive and negative effects of stress, individuals may experience more efficient and adaptive stress responses (Liu et al., 2017). The extent to which we can reframe the consequences of stress to elicit more adaptive responses thus merits further investigation. This dissertation investigated the effects of reframing (positive, negative, balanced, and control) on stress responsivity, while also priming individuals on personal strengths (resilient strengths or non-resilient/control strength) to further enhance coping. Through two studies, the current dissertation examined whether different information presented on the consequences of stress via reframing contributes to improved responsivity to stressors, and whether priming an individual to believe in select strengths further enhances receptivity to reframing and reactivity to stressors. Outcome measures included both objective, physiological indexes of stress (heart rate, blood pressure, and electrodermal activity), test performance on stressor-task, and subjective ratings of stress (self-report responses via visual analogue scales). Mixed-ANOVA, linear regression, and exploratory hierarchical modelling were used to analyze the data. Results via visual analogue scales support the efficacy of balanced reframing in reducing self-reported stress, and provide some evidence for its efficacy across physiological parameters of stress via electrodermal activity. Across measures, results provide little support for the efficacy of strength priming in eliciting more adaptive responsivity to stressors. However, balanced framing and resilient strength priming may interact to reduce perceptions of stress as threatening and uncontrollable. Taken together, findings across two studies suggest that reframing stress by presenting both positive and negative information on the outcomes of stress may be an important step in the education of stress to better manage everyday stressors. Further, efforts to personalize this intervention approach by tailoring it to individual may be an area worthy of future research. Key Words: Beliefs; Coping; Personal Strengths; Reframing; Responsivity; Stress

scholarly journals Biased Maintenance of Attention on Sad Faces in Clinically Depressed Youth: An Eye-Tracking Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Buhl ◽  
Anca Sfärlea ◽  
Johanna Loechner ◽  
Kornelija Starman-Wöhrle ◽  
Elske Salemink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
Clinically Depressed

AbstractThe role of negative attention biases (AB), central to cognitive models of adult depression, is yet unclear in youth depression. We investigated negative AB in depressed compared to healthy youth and tested whether AB are more pronounced in depressed than at-risk youth. Negative AB was assessed for sad and angry faces with an eye-tracking paradigm [Passive Viewing Task (PVT)] and a behavioural task [Visual Search Task (VST)], comparing three groups of 9–14-year-olds: youth with major depression (MD; n = 32), youth with depressed parents (high-risk; HR; n = 49) and youth with healthy parents (low-risk; LR; n = 42). The PVT revealed MD participants to maintain attention longer on sad faces compared to HR, but not LR participants. This AB correlated positively with depressive symptoms. The VST revealed no group differences. Our results provide preliminary evidence for a negative AB in maintenance of attention on disorder-specific emotional information in depressed compared to at-risk youth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document