scholarly journals Disintegrating the Dullest Miracle on Earth? The Greek Crisis, Instrumentalism and European Identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Michael Green
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greek Crisis ◽  
European Institutions

The economic crisis in Greece, and the reaction to it by key European institutions, gives scholars a unique opportunity to test the instrumentalist model for explaining the dynamics of political identity. This study seeks to do that, marshalling both quantitative and qualitative indicators of European identity in Greece, and examining how this identity has changed over the past decade under conditions of crisis and external pressure. Do Greeks now self-identify less as European than they used to because the utility of such an identity has diminished? The evidence presented in this analysis suggests that that is the case.

Nationalistic Independent Movements Within the European Union and Its Challenge to Create a Territorial Identity

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demi Wilhelmina Maria van Huisseling
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Main Question ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Eu

Throughout history, humanity has been known to move in groups as a way of surviving, to expand their identity and culture. In Europe this has led to international and civil wars in the past but changed with the creation of the European Union. This chapter analyzes the creation and demarcation of nations during the past, the territorial identity that was formed and the need of the EU to create a European Identity to overcome the threat of independent movements. Secessionist nationalistic movements have gained importance since the economic crisis which started in 2007 and have been rising in different regions and countries of the EU. The main question that needs to be solved in this chapter: How does the EU cope with the rise of new nationalistic movements? It can only be overcome with the creation of a European territorial identity.

scholarly journals Information Disorder and Self-Regulation in Europe: A Broader Non-Economistic Conception of Self-Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Manipulation

Over the past decade, the problems arising from social communication have yet again become burning issues on social and political agendas. Information disorder, hate speeches, information manipulation, social networking sites, etc., have obliged the most important European institutions to reflect on how to meet the collective challenges that social communication currently poses in the new millennium. These European Institutions have made a clear commitment to self-regulation. The article reviews some recent European initiatives to deal with information disorder that has given a fundamental role to self-regulation. To then carry out a theoretical review of the normative notion of self-regulation that distinguishes it from the neo-liberal economicist conception. To this end, (1) a distinction is drawn between the (purportedly) self-regulating market and (2) a broader conception of self-regulation inherent not to media companies or corporations, but to the social subsystem of social communication, is proposed. This involves increasing the number of self-regulatory mechanisms that may contribute to improve social communication, and reinforcing the commitment of those who should exercise such self-regulation, including not only media companies but also the professionals working at them and the public at large.

Freedom of Expression in the Cameroonian Democratic Transition

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Manga Fombad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
New Order ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
New Era ◽  
Difficult Time

Freedom of expression is not only a fundamental human right but also constitutes one of the essential elements in the establishment of a democratic society. No country can seriously profess to be a democracy, or pretend to be making efforts towards this, if its citizens cannot freely express their opinions. Recent moves to introduce freedom of expression in Cameroon have come at a particularly difficult time. Like most African countries, it is on the horns of a dilemma. As it struggles to cope with an ever deepening economic crisis, it has come under strong internal and external pressure to democratise. The winds of change which blew into Africa at the end of the 1980s, when former communist-block single-party régimes collapsed, appeared to herald the beginning of a new era. But as leaders are increasingly pressed by impatient citizens to unfreeze their political, social, and economic rights, tyrants and dictators posing as democrats seem to be determining the nature and guiding principles of the new order.

The Great Depression and the Great Recession in Interwar Greece and Today: A comparison

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Lazaretou
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greek Crisis ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Nominal Anchor

AbstractThe past Greek crisis experience is more or less terra incognita. In all historical empirical studies Greece is systematically neglected or included only sporadically in their cross-country samples. In the national literature too there is little on this topic. In this paper we use the 1930s crisis as a useful testing ground to compare the two crises episodes, ‘then’ and ‘now’; to detect differences and similarities and discuss the policy facts with the ultimate aim to draw some ‘policy lessons’ from history. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the Greek crisis experience across the two historical episodes. Comparisons with the interwar period show that the recent economic downturn was faster, larger and more severe than during the early 1930s. More importantly, analysing the determinants of the two crises, we conclude that Greece’s problems arose from its inability to credibly adhere to a nominal anchor.

scholarly journals Quantifying and visualizing the transcranial direct current stimulation research indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4136
Author(s):  
Shahid Bashir ◽  
Shafiq Ahmad ◽  
Moath Alatefi ◽  
Ali Hamza ◽  
Mohammad Sahreef
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Research Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Reasonable Proportion ◽  
Clinical Potential

The field of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has experienced significant growth in the past 15 years which is mainly devoted to determining the basic and clinical potential of tDCS in humans. The aim of this study is to quantitatively analyze the current worldwide progress on tDCS research as well as to highlight researchers, journals, institutions and countries which are contributing significantly in the past 18 years. We conducted a quantitative analysis of research articles regarding tDCS published from 1998 to 2016 and indexed in the web of science core collection database. Data was downloaded in October, 2016. In the past 18 years, there were 2457 studies on tDCS indexed by web of science database, including all documents type such as article, review, meeting abstract, proceedings paper, letters, and etc. This study is focusing on the main articles and reviews; therefore, the research production was reduced to 2000 publications. The analysis showed that most of the studies in the field were published by North American and European institutions with a reasonable proportion of the publications were also by Japanese institutions from Asia. From the perspective of research progress, we found that the number of published papers on tDCS has increased significantly in the past 10 years, between them a remarkable positive correlation exists.

scholarly journals Museum Collections as a Reflection of Cultural Landscape: the Interpretation of Collective Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Habjanič ◽  
Verena Perko
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Collections

The article deals with the relationship between the local community, museum collections, collective memory and the cultural landscape. The ICOM Code of Museum Ethics defines a museum collection as a cultural and natural heritage of the communities from which they have been derived. The collections, especially in regional museums, are inextricably linked to the community. The cultural landscape can be read also as a bridge between the society and natural environment. The cultural landscape is vitally connected with a national, regional, local, ethnic, religious or political identity. Furthermore, the cultural landscape is a reflection of the community's activities. Therefore, private collections are the foundation of the collective memory and empower museums for important social tasks. They offer an opportunity for multilayered interpretation of the past and give a possibility for museums to work on the inclusion of vulnerable groups. The collections could be a mediator and unique tool for recovering of the “broken” memory. In this way certain tragic past events, ignored or only bigotedly mentioned by history, can be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Lessons on the Economics of Pandemics from Recent Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sewon Hur ◽  
Michael Jenuwine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Studies

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a dual public health and economic crisis. Many economic studies in the past few months have explored the relationship between the spread of disease and economic activity, the role for government intervention in the crisis, and the effectiveness of testing and containment policies. This Commentary summarizes the methods and findings of a number of these studies. The economic research conducted to date shows that adequate testing and selective containment measures can be effective in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the absence of adequate testing capabilities, optimal interventions involve social distancing and other lockdown measures.

National Mentality and Risks of the Transformation of Belarusian Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-49
Author(s):  
Victoria V. Anohina
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Reflexive Modernization ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Risks

The article analyzes the socio-cultural risks of the modernization of Belarusian society as well as the opportunities to minimize these through communication mechanisms of cultural tradition. Since in the postmodern conditions social transformation takes the form of a “reflexive” modernization, its inherent risks should be considered as closely linked with globalization of culture, in particular, with glocalization, pluralization of social identity, hybridization of cultural traditions, fragmentation of the “lifeworld” and of the nation’s historical memory. The author considers various levels of the structure of cultural tradition, paying special attention to the national mentality as its basic layer. The goal of this paper is to show how the specific features of Belarusian mentality become sources of risk and to reveal the role of cultural traditions in preventing or reducing such risks. Analyzing different strategies for constructing the national identity, the author defines the vulnerabilities involved. It argues that the formation of modern forms of national identity in Belarusian society is due to interaction of at least two identification models: the “strong” and “weak” ones. By analyzing the specifics of the “strong” national identity of Belarusians, the author notes that its poles – the nationalist and the patriotic ones – are largely compatible and do not respond to the most urgent challenges. On the contrary, the model of a “weak” identity has a high capacity to adapt to the conditions of “reflexive” modernization. This model is implemented in the process of constructing a pluralistic civic identity of Belarusians, but it has potential risks, especially in conditions of geopolitical turbulence and external pressure on Belarusian society. A reflexive attitude to the past is considered a possibility to minimize such risks, to avoid or to limit potential adverse impacts of social mobilization or national identity construction. It is emphasized that discussions about the past should be carried out in the form of a dialogue that meets the rules and requirements of communicative rationality.

L'interprete fra culture, societŕ ed economie: un'indagine demografica

2009 ◽  
pp. 73-119
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
The North

- The purpose is to contribute to related sociological research since it seems to be very limited (from the early 1960s), to clarify the role of interpreters as social actors and to represent the corresponding labour market, trying to overcome the idea of interpretation as mechanicalexercise. The theoretical part is concentrated on the history and on parameters reflecting the present rules governing this activity. Some preceding sociological research have been included to illustrate the main themes explored in the past. The practical part aims to explain the structure of the labour market and social conditions of interpreters in Italy. The author finds a feminization of the profession and confirms the growing relevance of English and community interpreting. Professional skills strengthen together with the demand for the simultaneous mode, causing difficult market penetration. The economic crisis and competition boost unfair practices (above all in the North). Nevertheless the profession is highly followed.

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