A comparative UHPLC-Q/TOF–MS-based eco-metabolomics approach reveals temperature adaptation of four Nepenthes species

AbstractNepenthes, as the largest family of carnivorous plants, is found with an extensive geographical distribution throughout the Malay Archipelago, specifically in Borneo, Philippines, and Sumatra. Highland species are able to tolerate cold stress and lowland species heat stress. Our current understanding on the adaptation or survival mechanisms acquired by the different Nepenthes species to their climatic conditions at the phytochemical level is, however, limited. In this study, we applied an eco-metabolomics approach to identify temperature stressed individual metabolic fingerprints of four Nepenthes species: the lowlanders N. ampullaria, N. rafflesiana and N. northiana, and the highlander N. minima. We hypothesized that distinct metabolite regulation patterns exist between the Nepenthes species due to their adaptation towards different geographical and altitudinal distribution. Our results revealed not only distinct temperature stress induced metabolite fingerprints for each Nepenthes species, but also shared metabolic response and adaptation strategies. The interspecific responses and adaptation of N. rafflesiana and N. northiana likely reflected their natural habitat niches. Moreover, our study also indicates the potential of lowlanders, especially N. ampullaria and N. rafflesiana, to produce metabolites needed to deal with increased temperatures, offering hope for the plant genus and future adaption in times of changing climate.

Download Full-text

RNA-Seq reveals expression signatures of genes involved in oxygen transport, protein synthesis, folding, and degradation in response to heat stress in catfish

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00026.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 462-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Shikai Liu ◽

Xiuli Wang ◽

Fanyue Sun ◽

Jiaren Zhang ◽

Jianbin Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Oxygen Transport ◽

High Reliability ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Transport Protein ◽

Temperature Adaptation ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Wide Range

Temperature is one of the most prominent abiotic factors affecting ectotherms. Most fish species, as ectotherms, have extraordinary ability to deal with a wide range of temperature changes. While the molecular mechanism underlying temperature adaptation has long been of interest, it is still largely unexplored with fish. Understanding of the fundamental mechanisms conferring tolerance to temperature fluctuations is a topic of increasing interest as temperature may continue to rise as a result of global climate change. Catfish have a wide natural habitat and possess great plasticity in dealing with environmental variations in temperature. However, no studies have been conducted at the transcriptomic level to determine heat stress-induced gene expression. In the present study, we conducted an RNA-Seq analysis to identify heat stress-induced genes in catfish at the transcriptome level. Expression analysis identified a total of 2,260 differentially expressed genes with a cutoff of twofold change. qRT-PCR validation suggested the high reliability of the RNA-Seq results. Gene ontology, enrichment, and pathway analyses were conducted to gain insight into physiological and gene pathways. Specifically, genes involved in oxygen transport, protein folding and degradation, and metabolic process were highly induced, while general protein synthesis was dramatically repressed in response to the lethal temperature stress. This is the first RNA-Seq-based expression study in catfish in response to heat stress. The candidate genes identified should be valuable for further targeted studies on heat tolerance, thereby assisting the development of heat-tolerant catfish lines for aquaculture.

Download Full-text

Differential Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Heat Stress in Two Blueberry Species

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2481

Author(s):

Jodi Callwood ◽

Kalpalatha Melmaiee ◽

Krishnanand P. Kulkarni ◽

Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽

Diarra Aicha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Transcriptomic Changes ◽

Go Terms

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are highly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, especially increasing temperatures. To gain insight into mechanisms underpinning the response to heat stress, two blueberry species were subjected to heat stress for 6 and 9 h at 45 °C, and leaf samples were used to study the morpho-physiological and transcriptomic changes. As compared with Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium darrowii exhibited thermal stress adaptation features such as small leaf size, parallel leaf orientation, waxy leaf coating, increased stomatal surface area, and stomatal closure. RNAseq analysis yielded ~135 million reads and identified 8305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during heat stress against the control samples. In V. corymbosum, 2861 and 4565 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h of heat stress, whereas in V. darrowii, 2516 and 3072 DEGs were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h, respectively. Among the pathways, the protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the highly enriched pathway in both the species: however, certain metabolic, fatty acid, photosynthesis-related, peroxisomal, and circadian rhythm pathways were enriched differently among the species. KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important biosynthesis and metabolic pathways crucial in response to heat stress. The GO terms enriched in both the species under heat stress were similar, but more DEGs were enriched for GO terms in V. darrowii than the V. corymbosum. Together, these results elucidate the differential response of morpho-physiological and molecular mechanisms used by both the blueberry species under heat stress, and help in understanding the complex mechanisms involved in heat stress tolerance.

Download Full-text

Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2836

Author(s):

Khawar Shahzad ◽

Muhammad Sultan ◽

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Hadeed Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Low Cost ◽

Evaporative Cooling ◽

Thermal Exposure ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Body ◽

Dew Point ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Humidity Index

Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

Download Full-text

Are seed mass and seedling size and shape related to altitude? Evidence in Gymnocalycium monvillei (Cactaceae)

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2015-0026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

pp. 529-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Karen Bauk ◽

Reyes Pérez-Sánchez ◽

Sebastián R. Zeballos ◽

M. Laura Las Peñas ◽

Joel Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Relationship ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

Altitudinal Distribution ◽

Seedling Morphology ◽

Seedling Size ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Seedling Traits ◽

Species Response

Several studies reported a negative relationship between altitude and seed mass. In cactus species, seed mass has been also related to seedling morphology (size and shape). Here we studied Gymnocalycium monvillei (Lem.) Pfeiff. ex Britton & Rose, a cactus species with a wide altitudinal distribution, with the main aim of analyzing how altitude affects seed mass and seedling size (height and width) and shape (globose or columnar). We collected seeds from five sites along the entire altitudinal distribution of the species in the Córdoba Mountains (sites were located between 878 and 2230 m a.s.l.), encompassing a marked climatic gradient (6 °C of mean annual temperature difference between the extreme sites). Seed mass and seedling traits were measured in the laboratory. Seedling height increased with altitude, whereas seed mass was not related to this parameter. Seedlings became more globose (reduced surface/volume ratio) with decreasing altitude. Variation in seedling shape along the altitudinal gradient may be related to the contrasting climatic conditions to which seedlings are exposed, and could account for the wide altitudinal distribution of G. monvillei. Our results highlight the importance of seedling traits in the species’ response to climatic change.

Download Full-text

Natural resistance of marals of Altai-Sayan breed during the process of adaptation under the environments of the Republic of Tyva

Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding) ◽

10.33920/sel-03-2009-05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-49

Author(s):

Ch. N. Sambyla ◽

N. M. Bessonova ◽

R. B. Chysyma

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Phagocytic Index ◽

Mountain Forest ◽

Altai Republic ◽

The Republic

The Republic of Tyva is a region in the geographical center of Asia, which located at the junction of the Siberian taiga and Central Asian desert-steppe landscapes, in a wide band of mountains and intermountain plains. The mountain-forest area of Tyva has long been considered a natural habitat for antler deer, one of which is the maral (Cervus elaphus sibiricus). In order to restore maral breeding and increase the number of marals in the former limits, marals of the Altai-Sayan breed have been imported to the Republic of Tyva from the Republic of Altai. The preservation of productive traits, reproductive function and the realization of the genetic potential of animals introduced to new climatic conditions largely depends on the ability of these animals to adapt to existing environments. We have assessed in this paper the natural resistance of the marals of Altai-Sayan breed during introduction in the Tyva Republic in comparison with the indicators of the marals have been bred in the Altai Republic. The researches have been carried out in 2019. The research material was blood samples of marals of Altai-Sayan breed imported to the Republic of Tuva (n=27) and marals of the same breed bred in the Republic of Altai (n=17). Studies have shown some deviations in the blood leukogram of imported marals, such as a decrease in the number of eosinophils and rod nuclear neutrophils (P < 0,001), the increase in the number of segmented nuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes (P < 0,05). The number of monocytes have been increased in 18,6 times compared to the Altai marals. The change in the number of monocytes exceeded the physiological norm by 24,7 %. The indicator of adaptation evaluation in imported marals had higher values (6,8), which were in 1,7 times higher than in marals bred in the Altai Republic (4,1), which indicates the intensity of adaptive mechanisms in imported animals during adaptation. Analysis of phagocytic activity and phagocytic index revealed intensive phagocytosis in imported marals: phagocytic activity – by 12,4 % (P < 0,05), phagocytic index – by 5,1 %, and the increase in the content of lysosomal and cationic proteins by 12,8 % (P < 0,05). Analysis of the bactericidal activity of blood serum has shown its lower level in imported animals (45,97±1,36 %), compared with marals of the same breed bred in the Altai Republic (52,19±2,15 at P < 0,05). Thus, according to most indicators of natural resistance marals of Altai-Sayan breed imported to Tyva have a fairly high level of natural protection, which indicates that they can be adapted to the natural climatic and feeding conditions of the Republic of Tyva.

Download Full-text

Significance of Metabolic Response in Livestock for Adapting to Heat Stress Challenges

Asian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajas.2016.224.234 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (4-5) ◽

pp. 224-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Joy Aleena ◽

Prathap Pragna ◽

P.R. Archana ◽

Veerasamy Sejian ◽

Madiajagan Bagath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Metabolic Response

Download Full-text

Constitutively Up-regulated Carbon Metabolism is an Adaptation to Low Temperature in the Antarctic Psychrophile Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241

10.22541/au.161648381.17103807/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Cvetkovska ◽

Beth Szyszka-Mroz ◽

Nina Malczewski ◽

David Smith ◽

Norman P. A. Huner

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Steady State ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Physiological Characteristic ◽

Rate Characteristic ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Chlamydomonas Sp

The Antarctic alga Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241 is an obligate psychrophile that thrives in the cold but is unable to survive at moderate, seemingly innocuous temperatures. We dissect the responses of UWO241 to temperature stress using global metabolomic approaches. UWO241 exhibits slow growth at 4°C, a temperature closest to its natural habitat, and faster growth at higher temperatures of 10-15°C. We demonstrate that the slower growth-rate characteristic of UWO241 at 4⁰C is not necessarily a hallmark of stress. UWO241 constitutively accumulates high levels of protective metabolites including soluble sugars, polyamines and antioxidants at a range of steady-state temperatures. In contrast, the mesophile Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates these metabolites only during cold stress. Despite low growth rates, 4°C-grown UWO241 cultures had a higher capacity to respond to heat stress (24°C) and accumulated increased amounts of antioxidants, lipids and soluble sugars, when compared to cultures grown at 10-15°C. We conclude that the slower growth rate and the unique psychrophilic physiological characteristic of UWO241 grown at 4⁰C result in a permanently re-routed steady-state metabolism, which contributes to its increased resistance to heat stress. Our work adds to the growing body of research on temperature stress in psychrophiles, many of which are threatened by climate change.

Download Full-text

Differential Expression Gene/Protein Contribute to Heat Stress-Responsive in Tetraena propinqua in Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-143815/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hayat Ali Alafari ◽

Magda Abdelgawad

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Differential Regulation ◽

Dual Specificity ◽

Differential Expression Gene ◽

Sds Page ◽

Gene And Protein Expression

Abstract BackgroundWithin their natural habitat, plants are subjected to abiotic stresses that include heat stress. In the current study, the effect of 4h, 24h and 48h of heat stress on Tetraena propinqua ssp. migahidii seedling’s protein profile and proteomic analyses were investigated. ResultsTotal soluble protein SDS-PAGE profile showed 18-protein bands downregulated at 4h and 48h, however, 20-protein bands were upregulated at 24h of heat stress. A proteomic analysis showed that 81 and 59 targets are involved in gene and protein expression respectively. ConclusionsThe genes and proteins involved in transcription, translation, photosynthesis, transport and other unknown metabolic processes, were differentially expressed under treatments of heat stress. These ﬁndings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms related to heat stress, in addition to its inﬂuence on the physiological traits of T. propinqua seedlings. Heat stress mediated differential regulation genes indicate a role in development and stress response of T. propinqua. The candidate dual specificity genes identified in this study paves way for more molecular analysis of up- and down-regulation.

Download Full-text

Multi-omics analysis of thermal stress response in a zooxanthellate cnidarian reveals the importance of associating with thermotolerant symbionts

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.2654 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 285 (1877) ◽

pp. 20172654 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Maha J. Cziesielski ◽

Yi Jin Liew ◽

Guoxin Cui ◽

Sebastian Schmidt-Roach ◽

Sara Campana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Model Organism ◽

Temperature Adaptation ◽

Heat Stress Response ◽

Antioxidant Gene ◽

Aiptasia Pallida ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Gene And Protein Expression

Corals and their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium have a fragile relationship that breaks down under heat stress, an event known as bleaching. However, many coral species have adapted to high temperature environments such as the Red Sea (RS). To investigate mechanisms underlying temperature adaptation in zooxanthellate cnidarians we compared transcriptome- and proteome-wide heat stress response (24 h at 32°C) of three strains of the model organism Aiptasia pallida from regions with differing temperature profiles; North Carolina (CC7), Hawaii (H2) and the RS. Correlations between transcript and protein levels were generally low but inter-strain comparisons highlighted a common core cnidarian response to heat stress, including protein folding and oxidative stress pathways. RS anemones showed the strongest increase in antioxidant gene expression and exhibited significantly lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in hospite . However, comparisons of antioxidant gene and protein expression between strains did not show strong differences, indicating similar antioxidant capacity across the strains. Subsequent analysis of ROS production in isolated symbionts confirmed that the observed differences of ROS levels in hospite were symbiont-driven. Our findings indicate that RS anemones do not show increased antioxidant capacity but may have adapted to higher temperatures through association with more thermally tolerant symbionts.

Download Full-text

Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management

Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management ◽

10.47886/9781888569919.ch16 ◽

2007 ◽

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Middle Ages ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Temperature Adaptation ◽

Atlantic Sturgeon ◽

The North ◽

European Sturgeon ◽

The Baltic

Abstract. - Sea sturgeons are closely related anadromous fishes inhabiting both shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. They are classified in two species: the European sturgeon Acipenser sturio in Europe and the Atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus in North America. The Atlantic sturgeon is further separated into two subspecies: Atlantic sturgeon (North American East Coast populations) A. o. oxyrinchus and Gulf sturgeon A. o. desotoi. Most recent studies of morphology and genetics support these classifications. Furthermore, they produced evidence for a trans-Atlantic colonization event during the early Middle Ages. Atlantic sturgeon colonized Baltic waters, founding a self-reproducing population before they became extinct due to anthropogenic reasons. Today, populations of Atlantic sturgeon are found along the Atlantic Coast from the St. Johns River, Florida to the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, whereas only one relict spawning population of European sturgeon still exists in the Gironde River, France. The evidence of a population of Atlantic sturgeon in Baltic waters requires a detailed comparison of both sea sturgeon species, describing differences and similarities, which may influence the ongoing restoration projects in Europe as well as concerning conservation efforts in North America. This article reviews similarities and differences in the fields of genetics, morphology, and ecological adaptation of European sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon, concluding that, besides morphological and genetic differences, a wider range of spawning temperatures in Atlantic sturgeon is evident. This wider temperature adaptation may be a selective advantage under fast-changing climatic conditions, possibly the mechanism that enabled the species shift in the Baltic Sea during the Middle Ages.

Download Full-text