scholarly journals Monitoring of polymer type and plastic additives in coating film of beer cans from 16 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlatifah ◽  
Haruhiko Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Almost All

AbstractPlastic debris has gained attention as anthropogenic waste in the environment, but less concerned given to metal waste despite its high abundance in aquatic environment. Metal packaging, such as can, utilizes polymeric coating films as barrier between metals and products which leads to be potential source of microplastic pollution. In this study, 27 beer cans from 16 countries for both body and lid parts as well as inside and outside layers were investigated. Despite the country’s origin, epoxy resin was the major polymeric coating used in all beer cans for lid (inside and outside) and body (inside). Whereas poly(1,2-butanediol isophthalate) was frequently used for outside layer of can body. DEHP and BHT were detected in almost all samples with the highest concentration of 5300 ng/g and 520 ng/g. Despite its lower detection frequency, DOA was detected as high as 9600 ng/g in Belgian beer can. There was no apparent relationship present between the home countries of beer cans and amount of additives used. Despite of being broken down, additives concentration in one environmental sample was found to be one to two orders of magnitude higher compared to the new can. This result proved that adsorption of chemical additives took place in the environment and degraded metal debris may become source of microplastic with higher risk of additives pollution in the environment.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Polymer Type and Plastic Additives in Coating Film of Beer Cans From 16 Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlatifah ◽  
Haruhiko NAKATA
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polymer Type

Abstract Plastic debris has gained attention as anthropogenic waste in the environment, but less concerned given to metal waste despite its high abundance in aquatic environment. Metal packaging, such as can, utilizes polymeric coating films as barrier between metals and products which leads to be potential source of microplastic pollution. In this study, 27 beer cans from 16 countries for both body and lid parts as well as inside and outside layers were investigated. Despite the country’s origin, epoxy resin was the major polymeric coating used in all beer cans for lid (inside and outside) and body (inside). Whereas poly(1,2-butanediol isophthalate) was frequently used for outside layer of can body. Marketing countries turned out not specify the amount of additives used in can. DEHP and BHT were detected in almost all samples with the highest concentration of 5,300 ng/g and 520 ng/g. Despite its lower detection frequency, DOA was detected as high as 9,600 ng/g in Belgian beer can. Although being broken down, additives concentration in one environmental sample was found to be one to two orders of magnitude higher compared to the new can. This result suggests that metal debris may become source of microplastic and additives in the environment.

Novel Method for Visualizing Water Transport Through Phase-Separated Polymer Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jansson ◽  
Catherine Boissier ◽  
Mariagrazia Marucci ◽  
Mark Nicholas ◽  
Stefan Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Novel Method

AbstractDrug release from oral pharmaceutical formulations can be modified by applying a polymeric coating film with controlled mass transport properties. Interaction of the coating film with water may crucially influence its composition and permeability to both water and drug. Understanding this interaction between film microstructure, wetting, and mass transport is important for the development of new coatings. We present a novel method for controlled wetting of polymer coating films in an environmental scanning electron microscope, providing direct visual information about the processes occurring as the film goes from dry to wet. Free films made of phase-separated blends of water-insoluble ethyl cellulose (EC) and water-soluble hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were used as a model system, and the blend ratio was varied to study the effect on the water transport properties. Local variations in water transport through the EC/HPC films were directly observed, enabling the immediate analysis of the structure–mass transport relationships. The leaching of HPC could be studied by evaporating water from the films in situ. Significant differences were observed between films of varying composition. The method provides a valuable complement to the current approach of making distinct diffusion and microscopy experiments for studying the dynamic interaction of polymer films with water.

scholarly journals Preparation of Cellulose-Based Fluorescent Materials as Coating Pigment by Use of DMSO/DBU/CO2 System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Cao ◽  
Jinyue Dai ◽  
Xin Bao ◽  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Fluorescence Response ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Fluorescent Materials ◽  
Bright Color ◽  
Molecular Skeleton ◽  
Quenching Phenomenon

Abstract A series of cellulose-based fluorescent materials are prepared under relative mild conditions by use of the DMSO/DBU/CO2 system to utilize as coating pigments. Through the observation under 365nm UV light, the cellulose-based fluorescent materials exhibit good fluorescence response and bright color. Furthermore, due to the limitation of the molecular skeleton of cellulose, the intrinsic aggregation caused quenching phenomenon commonly existed in conventional organic fluorescent pigments can be effectively inhibited, which is very helpful to retain good fluorescence response in epoxy-based coating material and its coating films. Moreover, the addition of cellulose-based fluorescent materials also increases the mechanical properties of the coating film. The increase of tensile strength and tensile modulus respectively reaches ~39% and ~66%. Solvent resistance and thermal property of the coating films generally remain unchanged. The fabrication of cellulose-based fluorescent materials in DMSO/DBU/CO2 system provides a feasible way to develop the functional application of cellulose.

scholarly journals A Study on the Annealing Ambient Effect on the Anti-Pollution Characteristics of Functional Film for PV Modules

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Sejin Jung ◽  
Jung Kim ◽  
Jang Ko ◽  
Wonseok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Pv Modules

In this study, functional coating film was fabricated on glass for photovoltaic (PV) modules to improve the anti-pollution characteristics of PV modules. The functional coating film applied to a glass substrate through the spray coating method was annealed at 300 °C for 10 min in H2, N2, Ar, O2, and vacuum ambient. The contact angle of the coated surface was measured and it was confirmed that the anti-pollution characteristics were improved as the contact angle decreased. The light transmittance was measured and it exhibited the most excellent characteristics in vacuum. The hardness and adhesion were measured as the mechanical characteristics and they were all excellent regardless of the annealing ambient. Based on the analyzed characteristics, the process conditions of functional coating films were optimized to improve the anti-pollution and mechanical characteristics. If the coating process optimized in this study is applied to PV modules based on these results, improvement in the anti-pollution characteristics can be expected.

Tool Wear of Aluminum/Chromium/Tungsten/Silicon-Based-Coated End Mill Cutters in Milling Hardened Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Wada ◽  
Hiroyuki Hanyu
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Type I ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
End Mill ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Coated Cemented Carbide

In turning hardened steel, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (cBN) compacts are widely used, due to their high hardness and high thermal conductivity. However, in milling hardened steel, fracture of cBN cutting tools readily occurs because they have poor fracture toughness. Therefore, coated cemented carbide tools, which have good fracture toughness and wear resistance, are generally and widely used. In this study, hardened steel (ASTM D2, JIS SKD11, 60HRC) was milled with three physical vapor deposition coated cemented carbide end mill cutters in order to determine effective tool materials for milling hardened steel. The coating films used were two types of aluminum/chromium/tungsten/silicon-based-coating films and (Ti,Al)N-coating film. The two types of aluminum/chromium/tungsten/silicon-based-coating films are a new type of coating film, and the Type I and Type II coating film was a two-layered and multi-layered structure, respectively. The following results were obtained: (1) In milling hardened steel at a cutting speed of 2.5 m/s, Type II coating film was the best coating material among the three types of coated film. Type I coating film was superior to (Ti,Al)N-coating film. (2) The critical scratch load of both Type I and Type II of over 130 N became larger than that of the (Ti,Al)N-coating film of 65 N. (3) The multi-layered structure is expected to improve the tool life.

Magnetic and Magneto-Optical Properties of Al Substituted Bi-RIG Particles Dispersed in a Plastic Binder

1998 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hirano ◽  
K. Yoshida ◽  
Y. Yamazaki ◽  
T. Namikawa ◽  
M. Kishi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Magnetic Compensation ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
Annealing Method

AbstractNano-size R2BiAlxFe5-xO12(R: Dy, Gd, Th) particles were prepared with a coprecipitation and annealing method. The coating films of the particles were prepared with a coating technique. The magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the particles and films were investigated. The coercive forceHcof the particles and films was increased and saturation magnetizationMs. dropped with the Al contentx. TheHcof the coating films was about 200 Oe at the compositions of dispersed particles for which theMswas almost zero. These results suggest that the increase was made with magnetic compensation. The BiTb2A10.6Fe4.4O12coating film shows Faraday rotation spectra. The figure of merit of the film is about 0.5 at 520 nm. The coating BiTb2A10.6Fe4.4O12film is one of the candidate materials for a new economical magneto-optical storage medium.

Properties of Sol-Gel Coating Film from Colloidal Silica-Silane Sol

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 813-816
Author(s):  
Moon Kyong Na ◽  
Myeong Sang Ahn ◽  
Hoy Yul Park
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
In The Beginning

Two kinds of colloidal silica(CS)/silane sol solutions were prepared. Two sol solutions are involved with the kinds of silane such as methyltrimethoxysilane(MTMS) and -Glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane(ETMS) using LS CS. MTMS was added to two sol solutions. Whether ETMS was added or not, two kinds of sol solutions were synthesized. Using two kinds of sol solutions, sol-gel coating films were formed on glass substrates via dip-coating process. Here, seasoning effect of for enhancing properties of sol-gel coating layer on glass was investigated while such sol-gel solutions were left for 7days. Also, their properties such as surface free energy, roughness, thermal property, potential hardness and elastic portion were characterized in order to understand the effect of addition of ETMS. In this case of LS/MTMS sol, the coating film had low surface free energy and more enhanced flat surface than that of the case of LS/MTMS/ETMS sol. ETMS forms hydrophilic hydroxyl group in sol solution, then surface free energy of LS/MTMS/ETMS coating film increased. In the beginning of reaction sol solution seemed to be unstable, but 4days later their coating film properties such as surface free energy and roughness enhanced. The elastic portion of coating films obtained from LS/MTMS/ETMS sol increased with addition of ETMS, but thermal stability decreased.

scholarly journals Management of unusual metallosis and failed elbow replacement in rheumatoid female: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Nahar ◽  
Nikita Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Elbow Replacement ◽  
Almost All

<p class="abstract">42 years old female who was operated for rheumatoid arthritis elbow right side with revision of total replacement. Her elbow was primarily replaced 10 years before this surgery. She had severe metallosis and breakage of ulnar stem, loosening of cement (ulnar). Humerus stem was well fixed. Massive metal debris in soft tissue was removed. humerus side cement and stem were removed by splitting the bone. Revision stem was fixed with cement and circumferential wiring. On 6 yrs following surgery, patient is doing well in terms of pain relief and range of motion around elbow. She is doing almost all activities of daily life. Early detection and removal primary implant are the need of hour to save the ill effects of metallosis and bone resorption.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Coating Film Formation Process Using the Fluorescence Method

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Ayako Yano ◽  
Kyoichi Hamada ◽  
Kenji Amagai
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Fluorescence Method ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Tracer Particles ◽  
Overlap Ratio

In this paper, we invented a novel observation method of the coating film formation process using the fluorescence method. With this method, the temporal change in the coating film thickness can be evaluated quantitatively. In addition, since the thickness and flow of the coating film can be measured simultaneously, the detailed coating film formation process was clarified. In the experiment, the adhesion behavior of the spray-paint droplets when applied to a wall was investigated. The characteristics of coating films formed by the spray droplets, particularly the influence of injection pressure on the coating film formation, were determined using the fluorescence method. At the initial stage of the coating process, the coating area increased linearly. When the ratio of the coating area to the measurement range reached about 80%, the rate at which the coating area increased slowed down, and an overlap began. The amount of paint that adhered to the coating film formation could be estimated by calculating the overlap ratio. Moreover, the thickness and smoothness of the coating film were evaluated using the histogram data of the fluorescence intensity. The leveling process was discussed in relation to the standard deviation of the histogram data. In addition, the flow of the paint during the coating film formation was investigated using tracer particles, and the effect of the spray gun injection pressure on the leveling process was investigated. Changes in the film thickness and flow during the coating film formation process could be evaluated through fluorescence observation.

Properties of Sol-Gel Coating Film Synthesized from Nano Boehmite and Methyltrimethoxysilane

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 1041-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Hye Myung ◽  
Myeong Sang Ahn ◽  
Dong Pil Kang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Several sol solutions were synthesized by using two kinds of nanosized boehmite and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) according to the changing amount of MTMS at different reaction time. To understand their physical and chemical properties, sol-gel coating films were fabricated on glass. The sol solutions were prepared from boehmite of spherical shape (boehmite1)/MTMS and mixed boehmites of spherical and fibrous shapes (boehmite2)/MTMS. The soluble stability of boehmite1/MTMS was observed in the sol solution left for 24 h, however, that of boehmite2/MTMS was observed in the sol solution left for 48 h. The contact angle of sol-gel coating films from boehmite/MTMS increased with MTMS contents and reaction time. The films formed a flat surface with the increasing MTMS contents and decreasing reaction time. The electrical resistivity of films increased with MTMS contents. The thermal degradation of films occurred at approximately 400 oC.

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