scholarly journals Research on the content of pathogenic micromycetes and benz(a)pyrene in soils of urbanized territories of Perm Krai

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Emma Voronina ◽  
Alevtina Balandina ◽  
Tatiana Mazunina ◽  
Svetlana Dubrovina
Keyword(s):  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Pathogenic Micromycetes

The content of phytopathogenic fungi and the concentration of benz(a)pyrene in soil samples located near the oil refinery has been investigated. It has been found that in the vast majority of soil samples pathogenic micromicetes are represented by genera Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora, which have a negative effect on crops growth. The highest content of pathogenic micromycetes, amounting to10 CFU per 1 g of soil, was found in soil samples located directly on oil spill territory. It has been found that in an overwhelming number of soil samples, the concentration of benz (a) pyrene, which belongs to organic substances of grade I hazard, exceeds the MPC. The results of the study are consistent with earlier evidence that concentrations of pathogenic micromycetes and benz (a) pyrene are higher in anthropogenic-afected soils. This is due to the negative effect of oil hydrocarbons and benz (a) pyrene on useful soil microflora, and further settlement of the released ecological niche by pathogens. The company is given recommendations on the use of soil for cultivating technical crops or its exclusion from agricultural use.

Soil response to chemicals used in a field experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jezierska-Tys ◽  
A. Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The effect of chemicals (Reglone 200 SL and Elastiq 550 EC) on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity was estimated. The study was conducted in a field experiment which was set up in the split-block design and comprised three treatments. Soil samples were taken six times, twice in each year of study. The results showed that the application of chemicals generally had no negative effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The application of Reglone 200 SL caused an increase of proteolytic and ureolytic activity and affected the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The soil subjected of Elastiq 550 EC was characterized by lower activity of dehydrogenases, protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase.

scholarly journals Effect of organic substances on iron-release kinetics in a calcareous soil after basil harvesting

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 941-952
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Safarzadeh ◽  
Sadegh Kasmaei ◽  
Abadi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid ◽  
Iron Release ◽  
Constant Rate

Desorption of iron from soil is important for evaluating the availability and toxicity of soil Fe in agriculture. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of organic substances (cow and sheep manures and vermicompost) on Fe release from a calcareous soil and determine the best models for the description of the Fe desorption kinetics. Organic substances were added to soils at the rate of 3 %. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seeds were sown in each pot and pots were kept at 24?25?C at about field capacity for 90 days. After 90 days, plants were harvested and soil samples were used for Fe desorption analysis. Seven kinetic models were evaluated to describe the rate of Fe desorption in soil extracted with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Results showed that Fe release from soil samples increased with time. Release of Fe was rapid at first and then became slower. Iron release in the organic substances treatments was higher than in the unamended soil and the two-constant rate, parabolic diffusion and simple Elovich models were the best equations for the description of Fe release from soils.

Effects of weed and erosion control on communities of soil mites (Oribatida and Gamasina) in short-rotation willow plantings in central New York

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Minor ◽  
Roy A. Norton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Soil Mites ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Species Specific

Several pre-emergent herbicides (azafenidin, oxyfluorfen, and imazaquin–pendimethalin mixture), used for weed control during the establishment of short-rotation willow plantings, were tested for their impact on population density, species richness, and community structure of predaceous (Gamasina) and saprophagous and (or) mycophagous (Oribatida) soil mites. The experimental control was hand-weeded (no herbicide). Two site preparation treatments were used: conventional (disked) and erosion controlled (no-till with cover crop of winter rye). The influence of herbicide application on non-target organisms (soil mites) cannot be generalized, with groups being differentially affected. Overall, Oribatida were most affected by herbicides. Among specific herbicides, azafenidin and oxyfluorfen had a negative effect on density and species richness of soil mites. The response of Oribatida and Gamasina to herbicides was species-specific. Two species of Oribatida ( Sellnickochthonius immaculatus (Forsslund) and Liochthonius lapponicus (Trägårdh)) declined significantly in all herbicide-treated plots. The cover crop residue had positive effect on both Oribatida and Gamasina; the negative effect of herbicides on Oribatida was greatly mitigated by cover crop. Herbicides appear to reduce mite diversity and alter community structure, but they do not always affect abundance. We speculate that the sensitivity of Oribatida to herbicides can reflect the indirect impacts of herbicides on soil microflora.

scholarly journals Differential effects of pesticides on soil microflora in cultivated soil of Indian rice field agro-ecosystems

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyanee Sharma Bhagabati ◽  
Hemen Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of indiscriminant use of common pesticides especially insecticide on the population of soil micro flora in cultivated soil of Indian rice field agro-ecosystems. Endosulfan and Dichlorvos @ 1ml/l (normal dose) did not show any adverse effect on soil micro flora; but a high dose 2ml/l showed a negative effect. On the other hand Carbofuran @ 9 kg/acre (normal dose) and 12kg/ acre (high dose) showed an adverse effect on the growth of actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi. The important findings of the present study is that the effect on microbes by applying insecticides reflects the ecological imbalance of microbes in cultivated soil and hamper the microbial equilibrium to some extent. The study focused that the uses of the pesticides as a plant protection agent occasionally hamper the growth of soil micro flora in cultivated rice field.

scholarly journals Potential of biochar after the biological activation by native soil microflora

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. e2219
Author(s):  
Helena Dvorackova ◽  
Jaroslav Záhora ◽  
Lubica Pospíšilová ◽  
Vítězslav Vlček
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control

Objective. Dehydrogenase activity after the biological activation of biochar by the native soil microorganisms was studied. The main aim was to improve biochar properties by activation and make it more friendly for the soil microflora. Materials and methods. The activation was reached by aerating with the soil solution for two weeks. No special inoculum of microorganisms was applied. The following treatments in four replicates were prepared: conventional raw biochar (BR), activated biochar (BA), mineral fertilizer DAM 390 (NF), and control (C). A statistical test for comparing treatments means (Fisher p≤0.05; program STATISTICA 12.0; StatSoft software Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA) was used. Results. Statistically significant differences in the dehydrogenase activity between the treatments BR, BA, and C were found. Application of mineral fertilizers had a negative effect and increasing of nitrogen leaching was observed. Conclusions. Activating of biochar is suitable metods for impove soil biota conition compared with convention biochar.

scholarly journals BACTERIA OF THE ORDER BACILLALES AS PROMISING ANTAGONISTS OF FUSARIUM PATHOGENS AND THEIR IMPACT ON WINTER WHEAT PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Vasilchenko ◽  
◽  
A.V. Gorovtsov ◽  
V.A. Chistyakov ◽  
M.S. Mazanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Wort Agar ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The possibility of using bacteria of the order Bacillales as agents of biological control of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium was studied. In the work, 28 soil samples were studied, from which antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Antagonism was detected by cultivating a pasteurized soil suspension with a culture of the fungus Fusarium graminearum on wort agar. In the course of this work, 1040 antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Subsequently, the influence of the selected strains of microorganisms on the germination winter wheat seeds and several other morphometric parameters was studied.

scholarly journals California Bearing Ratio of Palm Oil Contaminated Subgrade under Soaked Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M Adeyinka
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Work ◽  
Negative Effect

The effects of palm oil contaminant on the soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of subgrade was investigated. The following objectives were set out in accordance with BS 1377: 1-8 (1990) and BS 1924 (1990); Particle Size Distribution, Atterberg Limits, Compaction and California Bearing Ratio for oil-palm contaminated and uncontaminated subgrade. Palm oil and four soil samples are used in this research work. The air-dried samples were contaminated with oil-palm at 0, 2,4, 6, 8 & 10% of the dry weight of the samples for 7 days thereafter air-dried for another 7 days. Laboratory experiments on the control (0%) and palm oil-contaminated subgrade samples were conducted after 24 hours of soaking the samples in accordance with BS 1924 (1990). It was found that the soaked CBR for the contaminated soil showed a lower values (17.45%, 24.80%, 49.50% and 21.50%) than the control CBR values (48.20%, 138.40%, 160.00 and 132.10%) for sample A, B, C and D respectively. It is therefore concluded that palm oil has a negative effect on the geotechnical properties and the mechanical strength of the soil hence it is not suitable in any Civil Engineering work.

scholarly journals Assessing of Oil Refinery Plant Residues on Soil Contamination in Kasnazan District – Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Ismaeel T. Ahmed ◽  
Darseem B. Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Refinery Plant ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Mn Concentration

This investigation conducted on April 01, 2015, of the different locations surrounding oil refinery factories near the Kasnazan district on Sulaimani road (Latitude 36.211N, Longitude 44.157E), to assess the effects of oil refinery factory residues on soil contamination. Soil samples were collected towards (E and W) from the contamination source, with various distances (0.5, 1, and 1.5 m) and different depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) consequently. The concentrations of heavy metals such as chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc were sequentially extracted and measured using portable X-ray fluorescence at the soil and water department laboratories. The heavy metals concentration of the soil samples was significantly affected by both factors (distances and depths). Fe had the highest concentration value as ranged from 486.0 to 520.2 mg/kg with a mean (502.9 mg/kg), while Cr and Zn had the lowest concentration value, Cr ranged from 0.0 to 9.33 mg/kg with a mean (3.22 mg/kg) and Zn ranged from 0.0 to 1.9 mg/kg with a mean (1.43 mg/kg). Mn concentration ranged from 9.6 to 13 mg/kg with a mean (11.55 mg/kg) and Ni concentration ranged from 4.3 to 10.03 mg/kg with a mean (7.40 mg/kg). The geoaccumulation index values of most samples located under the class (1) uncontaminated to moderate index.

scholarly journals Transformation of land resources as a result of anthropogenic impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Elena Sivak ◽  
Svetlana Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
One Year

The article examined temporary matrices of transformation of soil processes related to the activity of microorganisms and humus in comparison with maternal matrices depending on age characteristics of man. The resulting match in value and productivity, from one year to 15 years, from 15 years to 40 years, from 40 years to 65 years, led to the idea of comparing human growth with soil zonal; Weights with indicators of activity of microbiological soil processes; Intelligence with active humus; Age with dynamics of development of temporary matrices on humus and microbiological activity. The dynamics of transformation of organic substances of upper soil horizons under the influence of agricultural use according to the general humus, taking into account their genesis, covers the period from 15 to 46 years; And on microbiological processes from 3 to 66 years. The conclusion is that the identification of human development with the development of soil-formation processes depending on their genesis brings us closer to a true understanding of our appearance, as a species possessing the power that can change the surrounding world through the noosphere in accordance with certain standards of transmutation.

scholarly journals Relationships between soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen fixing, nitrifying and denitrifying under varying land-use practices in the northwest region of Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pérez Brandan ◽  
Annabel Meyer ◽  
José Manuel Meriles ◽  
Jorgelina Huidobro ◽  
Michael Schloter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Microbial Groups

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response pattern of diazotrophic microbes, denitrifiers and nitrifiers to different types of land use management, such as soybean monoculture (M) during 5 and 24 years (M5 and M24) and soybean-maize rotation (R) during 4 and 15 years (R4 and R15) in two subsequent years at the time point of flowering. Soil samples from a site recently introduced into agriculture (RUA) and a pristine soil under native vegetation (NV) were used as controls. Abundances of different functional groups of microbes were assessed using the direct quantification of marker genes by quantitative real-time PCR using extracted DNA from rhizosphere samples. In addition, soil chemical and physical properties were analysed and correlated with the abundance data from the functional microbial groups under investigation. Overall, the results indicate that the abundance of nifH genes was higher under R treatments compared to M treatments. The abundance of ammonium monooxygenase genes amoA (AOA) was generally higher under rotation systems and decreased under M24. RUA evidenced a negative effect on the establishment and development of AOA communities. The influence of land use on nirS abundance was inconsistent. However, R treatments showed a high abundance of nirK genes compared to M treatments. In both growing seasons, the abundance of nosZ genes was higher under NV compared with the other treatments. Furthermore, M24 treatment was related to strongly changed chemical and physical soil properties compared with the other sites. As expected, soil samples from RUA showed the strong dynamics of measured parameters indicating the high sensitivity of soils under transition to environmental parameters. Our results also indicated that the long-term crop rotation modified the abundance of the investigated microbial groups compared to the monoculture and increased soil chemical and physical quality. Therefore, our results provide evidence for a stimulatory effect of the long-term crop rotation on the abundance of microbes involved in N transformation.

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