scholarly journals Pretreated of banana pseudo-stem as raw material for enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusmiyati ◽  
Ryzka Pratiwi Sukmaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Development of alternative energy is needed to solve the energy problem, including bioethanol. Banana pseudo-stem is a lignocellulose material that can used to produce bioethanol. Banana pseudo-stem has 28.83% cellulose and 19.39% lignin. The amount of lignin will reduce by pretreatment process. Variations of pretreatment methods by autoclaving of banana-pseudo stem in a steam, 0.5N, 1N, 1.5N, 2N NaOH solutions for 90 minutes were employed. Then the preteated samples were further enzymatic hydrolysed for 24, 48, 72 hours. The fermentation method of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was applied using cellulase enzyme and yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 120 hours. The variation of the pretreatment process by increasing of NaOH concentration solutions led to decreased the lignin content while increased in cellulose content. The lowest lignin content was 11.44% and the highest cellulose was 51.66%. The highest sugar content was 29.8 g/L (at pretreatment 2N NaOH solution, 72 hours hydrolysis). The highest bioethanol amount (4.32 g/L) was produced from pretreated banana stem using 2N NaOH solution.

scholarly journals BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM SEAWEED PROCESSING WASTE BY SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION (SSF)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Andi Hakim ◽  
Ekowati Chasanah ◽  
Uju Uju ◽  
Joko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Seaweed processing waste has been used for bioethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). SSF is commonly used for bioethanol production to shorten the process and to increase the yield of ethanol produced by Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The aim of this research was to obtain the best concentration of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae to produce bioethanol by SSF. The concentration of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae used was 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20% (v/v). The SSF process was carried out by using shaking incubator at 35 °C and rotation of 150 rpm for 3 days. The untreated and hot water treated seaweed processing waste used in this study have moisture content values of 12.94±0.08% and 15.38±0.19%, ash content values of 16.72±0.08% and 18.39±0.19%, lignin content values of 15.38±0.11% and 12.74±0.38%, and cellulose content values of 26.92±0.57% and 34.57±0.81%, respectively. The result of SSF process of seaweed processing waste showed that different concentrations of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae (control, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) yielded significant effect (p<0.05) on the total reducing sugars and ethanol produced. The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) showed that the treatment 10% of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae concentration in the seaweed processing waste treated with hot water was the best treatment producing highest yield of ethanol.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Starch-Free Sugar Palm Trunk (Arenga pinnata) to Enhance Saccharification in Bioethanol Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusmiyati ◽  
Duwi Maryanto ◽  
Ringga Sonifa ◽  
Sabda Aji Kurniawan ◽  
H. Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Fermentable Sugar ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Starch-Free Sugar Palm Trunk (Arenga pinnata) can be utilized to produce bioethanol because of their high lignocellulosic contents. Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials consist of pre-treatment, saccharification and fermentation processes. In this work, conversion of starch-free sugar palm trunk (Arenga pinnata) to fermentable sugar and bioethanol was carried out through g pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation processes. The pretreatment was carried out by addition of 1% (v/v) HNO3 and NH4OH for 30 min and 60 min, respectively. The saccharification was carried out at enzyme celullase loadings of 10 and 20 FPU/g and substrate loadings of 10 and 20 g for NH4OH pretreated samples. Fermentation was carried out using two methods i.e. separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) techniques. The results showed that pretreatment using NH4OH was more effective than HNO3 for 60 minutes. IFurthermore, the results also presented the reduction of the lignin content of 9.44% and the increase of cellulose content to 18.56% for 1% (v/v) NH4OH 60 min of pretreatment. The increase of enzyme cellulase (20 FPU/g substrate) and substrate loading (20 g) could produce more reducing sugar (17.423 g/L and 19.233 g/L) than that at 10 FPU/g substrate and 10 g substrate (11.423 g/L and 17.423 g/L), respectively. The comparison of SHF and SSF showed that SHF process yielded higher ethanol (8.11 g/L) as compared to SSF (3.95 g/L) and nontreatment process (0.507 g/L) for 72 h..

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hand Sanitiser Production Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Based Bioethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap ◽  
Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan ◽  
Catia Angli Curie ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf Arya Ramadhan ◽  
Penjit Srinophakun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a potential raw material abundantly available for bioethanol production. However, the second-generation bioethanol is still not yet economically feasible. The COVID-19 pandemic increases the demand for ethanol as the primary ingredient of hand sanitisers. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of hand sanitiser production using OPEFB-based bioethanol. OPEFB was alkaline-pretreated, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was then performed by adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulose enzyme. The cellulose content of the OPEFB increased from 39.30% to 63.97% after pretreatment. The kinetic parameters of the OPEFB SSF at 35 °C, which included a µ max, ks, and kd of 0.018 h−1, 0.025 g/dm3, and 0.213 h−1, respectively, were used as input in SuperPro Designer® v9.0. The total capital investment (TCI) and annual operating costs (AOC) of the plant were $645,000 and $305,000, respectively, at the capacity of 2000 kg OPEFB per batch. The batch time of the modelled plant was 219 h, with a total annual production of 32,506.16 kg hand sanitiser. The minimum hand sanitiser selling price was found to be $10/L, achieving a positive net present value (NPV) of $108,000, showing that the plant is economically feasible.

scholarly journals Recent Updates on the Conversion of Pineapple Waste (Ananas comosus) to Value-Added Products, Future Perspectives and Challenges

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221
Author(s):  
Adila Fazliyana Aili Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah ◽  
Hasfalina Che Man ◽  
Nur Syakina Jamali ◽  
Shamsul Izhar Siajam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Protease Enzyme

Pineapple waste accounts for a significant part of waste accumulated in landfill which will further contribute to the release of greenhouse gases. With the rising pineapple demands worldwide, the abundance of pineapple waste and its disposal techniques are a major concern. Exploiting the pineapple waste into valuable products could be the most sustainable way of managing these residues due to their useful properties and compositions. In this review, we concentrated on producing useful products from on-farm pineapple waste and processing waste. Bioenergy is the most suitable option for green energy to encounter the increasing demand for renewable energy and promotes sustainable development for agricultural waste. The presence of protease enzyme in pineapple waste makes it a suitable raw material for bromelain production. The high cellulose content present in pineapple waste has a potential for the production of cellulose nanocrystals, biodegradable packaging and bio-adsorbent, and can potentially be applied in the polymer, food and textile industries. Other than that, it is also a suitable substrate for the production of wine, vinegar and organic acid due to its high sugar content, especially from the peel wastes. The potentials of bioenergy production through biofuels (bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel) and biogas (biomethane and biohydrogen) were also assessed. The commercial use of pineapples is also highlighted. Despite the opportunities, future perspectives and challenges concerning pineapple waste utilisation to value-added goods were also addressed. Pineapple waste conversions have shown to reduce waste generation, and the products derived from the conversion would support the waste-to-wealth concept.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre-hydrolysis on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Native Rye Starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Strąk-Graczyk ◽  
Maria Balcerek
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract The rising population and increasing demand for food place added pressure on the agricultural sector to maintain high process efficiency while implementing environmentally friendly methods. In this study, we investigate the effect of pre-hydrolysis of native rye starch and its influence on the yield of ethanol obtained by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) from high gravity rye mashes with 25% and 28% w w−1 dry matter content. Fermentation was carried out in a 3-day system at a temperature of 35 ± 1 °C using the dry distillery yeast Ethanol Red (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The characteristics of the tested raw material and changes in the native rye starch during enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images revealed characteristic changes on the surface of the starch, which was found to have a layered structure, as well as interesting behavior by the yeast during SSF when the glucose concentration in the environment was lowered. Both in the mashes with 25% and 28% w w−1 dry matter, starch pre-hydrolysis did not significantly increase either the initial amounts of sugars available to the yeast or the fermentation efficiency and ethanol yield in comparison to the mashes without this pre-treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim., an endemic fiber tree

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557
Author(s):  
Hui-Jin Liu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yan-Nian Xu ◽  
Xiao-Ping Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Significant Expression

The bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim., an endemic tree in Ulmaceae, is the main raw material for manufacturing Xuan Paper which is widely used in calligraphy and painting field. The characteristics of P. tatarinowii bark is the main limiting factor for the quality of Xuan Paper specially the content of cellulose and lignin. The molecular basis related to cellulose and lignin synthesis in P. tatarinowii would be helpful to understand and seek higher quality raw materials for Xuan Paper. RNA-seq was utilized to reveal transcriptome differences in P. tatarinowii from three far isolated localities (AL, JX and XA) under different climate environments. A total of 290 million reads were generated for further analysis in three libraries. In total, 2,850, 2,038 and 1,986 DEGs were identified in XA, JX and AL, respectively. Compared with the sample from XA, there were 822 up-regulated and 1706 down-regulated in AL sample. AL sample has 611 up-regulated genes and 647 down-regulated genes in comparison with JX sample. Comparing XA and JX samples, 443 were up-regulated and 1,783 were down-regulated in XA. Three samples had similar GO enrichment patterns. There were 19 and 9 genes identified as CESA and CSL (E-value less than 1.0E-20), respectively. Although no significant expression differences were found in three samples, KOB1, GPI-anchored protein gene and CTL1 were differently expressed, and KOB1 and GPI-anchored protein gene were up-regulated in JX. A number of the unigenes (474) that were involved in ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’, were mostly not differently expressed. Only a few genes annotated as PAL, 4CL, C4H and CAD were significantly different in expression. In AL, 3 CAD and 1 PAL were up-regulated, whereas 6 CAD, 3 4CL and 1 HCT were up-regulated in XA, and 1 PAL, 2 4CL, 2 C4H in JX. JX sample had the highest cellulose content and XA sample had the highest lignin content, which being consistent with the hierarchical cluster analysis of differently expressed genes. Differences in the expression of these genes might influence the cellulose and lignin content.

Fuel Ethanol Production from Wet Oxidised Corn Stover by S. Cerevisiae

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 963-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Qiang ◽  
Anne Belinda Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

In order to find out appropriate process for ethanol production from corn stover, wet oxidation（195°C，15 minutes）and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was carried out to produce ethanol. The results showed that the cellulose recovery of 92.9% and the hemicellulose recovery of 74.6% were obtained after pretreatment. 86.5% of cellulose was remained in the solid cake . After 24h hydrolysis at 50°C using cellulase（Cellubrix L）,the achieved conversion of cellulose to glucose was 64.8%. Ethanol production was evaluated from dried solid cake and the hydrolysate was employed as liquid fraction . After 142 h of SSF with substrate concentration of 8% (W/V), ethanol yield of 73.1 % of the theoretical based on glucose in the raw material was obtained by S. cerevisiae(ordinary baker’ yeast) . The corresponding ethanol concentration and volumetric productivity were 17.2g/L and 0.121g/L.h respectively. The estimated total ethanol production was 257.7 kg/ton raw material by assuming consumption of both C-6 and C-5. No obvious inhibition effect occurred during SSF. These instructions give you the basic guidelines for preparing papers for WCICA/IEEE conference proceedings.

scholarly journals Production of antipollutan mask based activated carbon from wasted coconut shell

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzan Nazif ◽  
Mahmud Sudibandriyo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest levels of air pollution in the world. Air pollution in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta due to the number of private vehicles increased at least 10% every year. This air pollution can have an impact on public health. One effort to do as a protection of people health is to use a mask. Activated carbon can be coated to mask in order to improve the effectiveness in reducing the pollutants. One good material used as material for activated carbon is coconut shell. Selection of coconut shell as the raw material of activated carbon is also based on cellulose content of 26.06%, hemicellulose content 27.07% and a lignin content of 29.40% in the dry state. This research was done in some variation such as activation methods, activated carbon mass, and adhesive material types. Based on pollutants adsorption test, mask with 6 grams of activated carbon, chemically activated, and used TEOS as adhesive is the best variation that able to adsorb as much 76,25% of CO2 Pollutants. Mask made in this research, has saturation time as long as 4 hours under high CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals Effect of different biological surfactants on engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corncob

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2512-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Xiao ◽  
Huiting Song ◽  
Huanan Li ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Yuxian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Application Of Surfactants ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Tea Saponin ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Lignocellulose is considered to be a good resource for producing renewable energy. This paper reports on the effect of three surfactants [polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate (POE80), rhamnolipid, and tea saponin] on cellulase (CBH/EG/BG) expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of corncob. In this work, the optimal surfactant concentrations for yeast growth were 0.1% POE80, 0.05% rhamnolipid, and 0.002% tea saponin. In the process of SSF, the reducing sugar content with 0.1% POE80 was 13.5% higher than the control at 24 h. The reducing sugar content with 0.05% rhamnolipid was higher than the control at 120 h, and reached the maximum difference of 18.2% in 120 h. The addition of 0.002% tea saponin exhibited the lowest promotion effect on the reducing sugar content in SSF compared with POE80 and rhamnolipid. However it reached the maximum difference of 8% in 120 h. Compared with the control, 0.1% POE80, 0.05% rhamnolipid, and 0.002% tea saponin presented different degrees of increase in reducing sugar content and viable count in the SSF. The results showed that the addition of the surfactants in SSF increased the growth rate of strains and promoted the saccharification efficiency of the substrate. This study lays a foundation for the application of surfactants in bio-energy research.

scholarly journals Structure, Composition, and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Fibers from Pueraria lobata Treated with a Combination of Steam Explosion and Laccase Mediator System

BioResources ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 6854-6866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Li ◽  
Guangting Han ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Yuanming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Pueraria Lobata ◽  
Mediator System ◽  
Laccase Mediator System

Cellulosic fibers from the bast of Pueraria lobata (P. lobata) vine were separated using a “green” and efficient method that combined steam explosion (SE) and a laccase mediator system (LMS). The chemical components, structure, and thermal alterations in the fibers were evaluated. The SE performed at 180 °C for 10 min did not change the chemical composition of P. lobata; however, SE did alter the fiber structure and rendered its surface more accessible to the laccase enzyme. Treated and untreated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and chemical methods. The cellulose content of the processed fibers was approximately 68.2%, and the lignin content was 11.8%, which was much lower than the 22.98% lignin content of the raw material. The cellulose fibers exhibited higher cellulose crystallinity and thermal stability compared with the untreated samples. This combined treatment approach may be useful for the isolation of cellulose fibers for composites, textiles, and other industrial applications.

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