Changes in the Messenger RNA Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in Healthy Infants According to Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (06) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Galliano ◽  
Maria Garro ◽  
Andrea Savino ◽  
Paolo Manzoni ◽  
Valentina Daprà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Median Expression

Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are potentially useful indicators of several pediatric disease states. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which inflammation is regulated by interactions between microbiota and the host. Little data are available regarding the expression of TLRs in postnatal healthy infants. TLR 2 and TLR4 are extracellular TLRs that act as innate immune receptors by recognizing a wide range of endogenous ligands and microorganisms. Methods The aim of this study was to use real-time polymerase chain reaction to investigate the expression of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of TLR2 and TLR4 in blood samples obtained from healthy full-term infants and toddlers. Results We analyzed the mRNA expression levels of TLRs in 88 healthy term children separated according to age. The median expression level of TLR2 was 1.49 ± 1.10 arbitrary units (AU) (n = 25) in infants younger than 3 months, 0.67 ± 0.72 AU (n = 25) in infants aged between 3 and 12 months, and 0.03 ± 0.02 AU (n= 38) in infants older than 12 months. The median expression level of TLR4 was 1.25 ± 0.79 AU (n = 25) in infants younger than 3 months, 0.75 ± 0.54 AU (n = 25) in infants aged 3 to 12 months, and 0.44 ± 0.28 AU (n = 38) in infants older than 12 months. There was difference in the mRNA expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 between infants aged 0 to 3 and 3 to 12 months and those aged more than 1 year (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) Conclusion We found that the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 were associated with age. In particular, we observed that their expression increased during the suckling period and then clearly decreased once the infants reached 1 year of age (p < 0.001). These findings could be related to microbial colonization and the immune system.

Effect Of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Mobilization On The Expression Of Th1/Th2 Chemokines and Their Receptors

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4512-4512
Author(s):  
Li Xuan ◽  
Xiuli Wu ◽  
Zhenyi Jin ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Min Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Th2 Chemokines ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Median Expression

Background Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) has been used more frequently than bone marrow as the source of stem cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Although it contains more mature T cells, neither the incidence nor the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is higher compared with bone marrow transplantation. This might be due to the immunoregulatory effects of G-CSF on adaptive immunity, including that G-CSF directly modulated via its receptor on T cells or indirectly modulated T cell immune responses via effector cells and cytokines. However, these mechanisms are not fully understood, and whether G-CSF could influence the expression of Th1/Th2 chemokines and their receptors remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of G-CSF mobilization on the expression of Th1/Th2 chemokines and their receptors. Methods The expression levels of Th1 chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), Th2 chemokines (CCL17, CCL22) and their receptors CXCR3 and CCR4 were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 25 donors before and after G-CSF mobilization, using real-time RT-PCR with SYBR Green±staining. The β2-microglobulin gene (β2-MG) was used as an endogenous reference, and the relative mRNA expression level of each gene was evaluated by the 2-ΔC t×100% method. Results The median expression level of CXCR3 was similar before and after G-CSF mobilization (0.1426% and 0.1109%) (P=0.278), while the expression level of CCR4 after G-CSF mobilization (0.0985%) was significantly lower than that before mobilization (0.1415%) (P=0.039). The median expression levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 genes before mobilization (0.0048%, 0.0576% and 0.0079%) were not significantly different from that after G-CSF mobilization (0.0143%, 0.0666% and 0.0088%)(P=0.086, P=0.535 and P=0.680). The median expression levels of CCL17 and CCL22 were also similar before and after G-CSF mobilization (P=0.155, P=0.476). The expression pattern of three Th1 chemokines before mobilization was CXCL10> CXCL11> CXCL9, whereas it changed to CXCL10> CXCL9> CXCL11 after mobilization. The expression pattern of two Th2 chemokines before mobilization was CCL17> CCL22, whereas it changed to CCL22> CCL17 after mobilization. The relative expression levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11 genes before mobilization both showed a positive correlation to that after mobilization (P<0.001, r=0.760; P=0.024, r=0.470). Before mobilization, significant positive correlation was observed between the expression levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10, CXCL11 and CXCR3, CXCL11 and CCL22, CXCR3 and CCL22 (P<0.001, r=0.902; P=0.003, r=0.584; P=0.022, r=0.473; P<0.001, r=0.674, respectively). After G-CSF mobilization, significant positive correlation was observed between the expression levels of CXCL9 and CCL22, CXCL10 and CXCL11, CXCR3 and CCR4, CXCR3 and CCL22, CXCR3 and CCL17, CCL22 and CCL17 (P=0.001, r=0.653; P=0.001, r=0.665; P=0.002, r=0.602; P=0.028, r=0.458; P<0.001, r=0.738; P=0.044, r=0.424, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that G-CSF mobilization might mainly influence the expression level of CCR4 genes in Th1/Th2 chemokines and their receptors. The expression patterns of Th1 chemokines and Th2 chemokines might both change after G-CSF mobilization. Disclosures: Li: This work was supported by Grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871091 and 91129720), the Collaborated grant for HK-Macao-TW of Ministry of Science and Technology (2012DFH30060), the Guangdong Science & Technology Project (2012B0506: Research Funding. Liu:It was supported by 863 Program (No. 2011AA020105).: Research Funding; It was supported by National Public Health Grand Research Foundation (Grant No. 201202017), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647).: Research Funding; It was supported by Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174).: Research Funding.

Plasma TS mRNA expression as a potential predictive biomarker for pemetrexed and raltitrexed in gastric cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21034-e21034
Author(s):  
Baorui Liu ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jia Wei ◽  
Lixia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
In Vitro Chemosensitivity

e21034 Background: Plasma mRNA opens up new investigational opportunities and has great potential for use in disease and treatment assessment. Pemetrexed and raltitrexed are novel water-soluble quinazoline folate analogues and act as direct and specific TS inhibitors. Although TS expression levels detected in tumor have shown potential in predicting sensitivity to those two chemotherapeutic agents, current knowledge is limited on the role of plasma TS mRNA as a predictive biomarker. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma TS mRNA expression and in vitro chemosensitivity to pemetrexed and raltitrexed in gastric cancer. Methods: 150 freshly-removed gastric tumor specimens and corresponding blood samples before surgery were collected. Pemetrexed and raltitrexed sensitivity was determined by histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) procedures. Plasma and tumor TS mRNA expression level were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results: A significant correlation was observed between plasma and tumor TS mRNA expression levels (rho=0.665, P<0.001). Plasma TS expression level was negatively correlated with in vitro sensitivity to pemetrexed and raltitrexed in gastric cancer (pemetrexed-sensitive sub-group: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66-1.16; pemetrexed-resistant sub-group: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.38-2.26, P<0.001; raltitrexed-sensitive sub-group: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.64-1.22; raltitrexed-resistant sub-group: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.06-2.17, P=0.013). There was no significant association between clinical characteristics and plasma TS mRNA levels or in vitro chemosensitivity. Conclusions: Our results indicated that plasma TS mRNA expression could be a prominent predictive biomarker for raltitrexed in gastric cancer, enabling the development of ‘‘real-time’’ individualized chemotherapy while tumor progression.

scholarly journals Th2 cytokine bias induced by silver nanoparticles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ta Li ◽  
Lei-Ya Wang ◽  
Hui-Wen Chang ◽  
Wei-Cheng Yang ◽  
Chieh Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in many commercial products due to their excellent antibacterial ability. The AgNPs are released into the environment, gradually accumulate in the ocean, and may affect animals at high trophic levels, such as cetaceans and humans, via the food chain. Hence, the negative health impacts caused by AgNPs in cetaceans are of concern. Cytokines play a major role in the modulation of immune system and can be classified into two types: Th1 and Th2. Th1/Th2 balance can be evaluated by the ratios of their polarizing cytokines (i.e., interferon [IFN]-γ/Interleukin [IL]-4), and animals with imbalanced Th1/Th2 response may become more susceptible to certain kinds of infection. Therefore, the present study evaluated the in vitro cytokine responses of cetacean peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) to 20 nm citrate-AgNPs (C-AgNP20) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methods Blood samples were collected from six captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). The cPBMCs were isolated and utilized for evaluating the in vitro cytokine responses. The cytokines evaluated included IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The geometric means of two housekeeping genes (HKGs), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β2-microglobulin (B2M), of each sample were determined and used to normalize the mRNA expression levels of target genes. Results The ratio of late apoptotic/necrotic cells of cPBMCs significantly increased with or without concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation after 24 h of 10 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment. At 4 h of culture, the mRNA expression level of IL-10 was significantly decreased with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment. At 24 h of culture with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20, the mRNA expression levels of all cytokines were significantly decreased, with the exceptions of IL-4 and IL-10. The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was significantly decreased at 24 h of culture with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment, and the IL-12/IL-4 ratio was significantly decreased at 4 or 24 h of culture with 0.1 or 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of TNF-α was significantly decreased by 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 after 24 h of culture. Discussion The present study demonstrated that the sublethal dose of C-AgNP20 (≤1 µg/ml) had an inhibitory effect on the cytokine mRNA expression levels of cPBMCs with the evidence of Th2 cytokine bias and significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of TNF-α. Th2 cytokine bias is associated with enhanced immunity against parasites but decreased immunity to intracellular microorganisms. TNF-α is a contributing factor for the inflammatory response against the infection of intracellular pathogens. In summary, our data indicate that C-AgNP20 suppresses the cellular immune response and thereby increases the susceptibility of cetaceans to infection by intracellular microorganisms.

An Integrated Analysis of The Prognosis And Immune Cell Infiltration of ITGB Superfamily Members In Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-hong Li ◽  
Lei Meng ◽  
Zhang-ming Chen ◽  
Wan-nian Sui ◽  
Pei-feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract Background:Members of the integrin β superfamily(ITGBs) have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in various human cancers and involved in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of the entire ITGB family members in gastric cancer(GC) has not been systematically investigated.Methods:In the current study, Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan Meier plotter, TIMER, GeneMANIA, STRING and Metascape database were employed to explore the transcriptional and survival data of ITGB superfamily members in GC. Moreover, we confirmed the mRNA expression levels of ITGB superfamily members in GC cell lines by qRT-PCR.Results:The mRNA expression level of ITGB1/2/4/5/8 was upregulated in GC, while the expression level of ITGB7 was downregulated. Higher expression of ITGB2/7 was significantly associated with the tumor stage of patients with GC. However, we found that the expression level of ITGB1/2/4/5/6/7/8 was remarkably increased in GC cell lines compared to stomach normal cell lines, while ITGB3 expression was decreased in the former than in the latter. Meanwhile,higher expression levels of ITGB2/6/7 were closely correlated with better overall clinical survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in GC patients, while higher ITGB3/4/5 expression were strongly associated with poorer OS and RFS.We also discovered that the functions of ITGBs and their adjacent genes are mainly related to protein complexes involved in cell adhesion. the functions of ITGBs and their adjacent proteins are mainly related to focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, proteoglycans in cancer, small cell lung cancer, rap1 signaling pathway, IgA production by intestinal immune network, and microRNAs in cancer.In addition, the expression of ITGBs was significantly correlated with the infiltration of multiple immune cells, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells.Conclusions:Our results suggested that abnormal expression of ITGBs plays a key role in the progression of GC and that ITGBs may be potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC.

Expression of RUNX1 and RUNX1T1 Correlates with Cytogenetic Subgroups in Pediatric AML: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1425-1425
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Kutny ◽  
Todd A. Alonzo ◽  
Robert B. Gerbing ◽  
Janet Franklin ◽  
Susana C. Raimondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Monosomy 7 ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Standard Risk ◽  
Runx1 Expression

Abstract Abstract 1425 Background: The t(8;21) translocation results in the fusion oncogene RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (also called AML1-ETO) and confers a favorable prognosis in both pediatric and adult AML. Little is known about the expression of RUNX1 and its translocation partner RUNX1T1 in myeloid leukemia. In this study we examined the mRNA expression of both genes in children with newly diagnosed AML and correlated patient clinical features with gene expression. Methods: We isolated mRNA from diagnostic specimens of 206 patients enrolled on COG AAML03P1. RUNX1 and RUNX1T1 mRNA expression was measured using qRT-PCR. GUSB gene served as control for mRNA quality and to standardize expression. Expression was correlated with patient and disease characteristics and clinical outcomes. Results: Relative RUNX1 expression ranged from 0.09 to 11.32 with a median of 1.45. The patient population was divided into quartiles (n=51, 52, 51, 52) with quartile 1 (Q1) having the lowest expression and quartile 4 (Q4) the highest expression. There was no significant difference in sex, age, race, ethnicity, hematologic parameters at diagnosis, or CNS status. Cytogenetic groups t(8;21), inv(16), abnormal 11q23, and monosomy 7 differed significantly in RUNX1 expression. The percentage of patients with t(8;21) decreased for increasing quartiles of RUNX1 expression with 28% of Q1 having t(8;21) compared to 12% of Q2, 8% of Q3 and 0% of Q4 (p=<0.001). Conversely, the percentage of patients with inv(16) increased for increasing quartiles of RUNX1 expression with only 2% of Q1 having inv(16) compared to 12% of Q2, 27% of Q3 and 20% of Q4 (p=0.006). Percentage of patients with abnormal 11q23 decreased for increasing quartiles of RUNX1 expression (Q1=36%, Q2=22%, Q3=15% and Q4=7%, p=0.003). All 4 patients with monosomy 7 had RUNX1 expression levels in Q4 (p=0.005). RUNX1 expression did not differ by FLT3-ITD, CEBPa mutant and NPM mutant. On recent COG studies, low risk includes core binding factor (CBF) patients and CEBPa or NPM mutant, high risk -5/5q-, −7 or FLT3-ITD high AR, and standard risk being all others. There was no difference in distribution of low or standard risk patients. The high risk group had higher RUNX1 expression attributable to the high expression in monosomy 7 (p=0.027). There was no difference across quartiles for rates of CR, 5 yr EFS or OS. Relative RUNX1T1 expression had a wide range from 0 to 139,786 with 69% of patients having no detectable expression. Due to the number of patients with no expression and the logarithmic distribution of expression, we divided the cohort into no expression (“exp=0”, n=143), expression levels >0 to 1 (“exp>0–1”, n=23) and expression >1 (“exp>1”, n=40). Among these 3 groups, there was no difference in sex, age, race, ethnicity, or CNS status. WBC at diagnosis was higher (median 38,000/μL) for exp=0 compared to exp>0–1 (median 14,100/μL) and exp>1 (median 15,800/μL) (p=0.045). RUNX1T1 expression differed significantly in patients with t(8;21) and monosomy 7. Patients with t(8;21) made up a larger proportion of the high RUNX1T1 expression group including 35% (13/37) having exp>1 compared to 0% of patients with exp>0–1 and 7% (10/134) with exp=0 (p=<0.001). Inv(16) patients showed trend toward the lower RUNX1T1 expression group but not significantly (p=0.11). Monosomy 7 patients clustered in the higher expression group accounting for 8% (3/37) of patients with exp>1 compared to 0% with exp>0–1 and 1% (1/134) with exp=0 (p=0.017). Expression did not differ in the molecular groups or risk groupings. Rates for CR, OS and EFS did not differ significantly by RUNX1T1 expression. However, there was a trend toward higher relapse risk among those with higher RUNX1T1 expression in standard risk patients (exp=0, RR=34±14%; exp>0–1, RR=28±33%; exp >1, RR=68%±33; p=0.138). Conclusion: Both RUNX1 and RUNX1T1 expression correlate with cytogenetic subgrouping, particularly in CBF and monosomy 7. Patients with inv(16) and monosomy 7 make up a larger percentage of the high RUNX1 expression patients but t(8;21) patients tend to be in the low expression groups. For RUNX1T1, t(8;21) and monosomy 7 patients had higher percentages in the high expression group, while inv(16) patients showed a trend toward the lower expression group. RUNX1 or RUNX1T1 expression levels alone did not predict OS or EFS, but further study is warranted to understand the role of high RUNX1 and RUNX1T1 expression in the rare high risk pediatric patients with monosomy 7. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Relationship between the mRNA expression levels of calpains 1/2 and proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodeling

Acta Naturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Gelena V. Kakurina ◽  
Elena S. Kolegova ◽  
Elena E. Shashova ◽  
Olga V. Cheremisina ◽  
Evgeniy L. Choynzonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cytoskeletal Reorganization ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cytoskeleton Remodeling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Remodeling of the cytoskeleton underlies various cellular processes, including those associated with metastasis. The role of the proteases and proteins involved in cytoskeletal reorganization is being actively studied. However, there are no published data on the relationship between the mRNA expression levels of calpains 1/2 (CAPN 1/2) and the proteins associated with cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to establish the relationship between the mRNA expression levels of CAPN 1/2 and the proteins involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, such as cell motility markers (SNAI1, VIM, and RND3) and actin-binding proteins (CFN1, PFN1, EZR, FSCN1, and CAP1) using the model of laryngeal/laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LC). The gene expression level was determined by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR and calculated using the 2-Ct method in paired tissue samples of 44 patients with LC (T1-4N0-2M0). The patients were divided into two groups: those with low and those with high CAPN 1/2 expression levels. It was found that metastasis in LC patients was associated with decreased expression levels of VIM and CAP1, and increased levels of CAPN1. A high level of CAPN2 was accompanied by a high expression level of EZR, indicating the activation of invasion processes. The results obtained need to be confirmed in further studies using a larger sample of patients and target genes. Our study is important in elucidating the mechanisms that underlie cancer progression and metastasis, a development that could subsequently open the way to a search for new prognostic and predictive markers of laryngeal/laryngopharyngeal cancer progression.

scholarly journals The Variants at APOA1 and APOA4 Contribute to the Susceptibility of Schizophrenia With Inhibiting mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Fan ◽  
Jun Gao ◽  
Yinghui Li ◽  
Xuefei Chen ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Transcript Variant ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Expression Levels

Objective: Abnormal lipid metabolism has a close link to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). This study mainly aimed to evaluate the association of variants at apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and APOA4 with SZ in a Chinese Han population.Methods: The rs5072 of APOA1 and rs1268354 of APOA4 were examined in a case–control study involving 2,680 patients with SZ from the hospital and 2,223 healthy controls screened by physical examination from the community population. The association was estimated with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by logistic regression. The APOA1 and APOA4 messenger RNA (mRNA) in peripheral blood leukocytes were measured by real-time PCR and compared between SZ cases and controls. Serum apoA1 levels were detected by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were detected by the homogeneous method.Results: Both of the rs5072 of APOA1 and rs1268354 of APOA4 had statistically significant associations with SZ. After adjustment for age and sex, ORs (95% CIs) of the additive model of rs5072 and rs1268354 were 0.82 (0.75–0.90) and 1.120 (1.03–1.23), and p-values were 3.22 × 10−5 and 0.011, respectively. The association of rs5072 with SZ still presented statistical significance even after Bonferroni correction (p-value×6). SZ patients during the episode presented lower levels of apoA1, HDL-C, mRNA of APOA1 common variants and transcript variant 4, and APOA4 mRNA than controls (p &lt; 0.01) while SZ patients in remission showed a significantly decreased APOA1 transcript variant 3 expression level and increased APOA4 mRNA expression level (p &lt; 0.01). mRNA expression levels of APOA1 transcript variant 4 significantly increased with the variations of rs5072 in SZ during the episode (ptrend = 0.017). After the SZ patients received an average of 27.50 ± 9.90 days of antipsychotic treatment, the median (interquartile) of serum apoA1 in the SZ episode significantly increased from 1.03 (1.00.1.20) g/L to 1.08 (1.00.1.22) g/L with the p-value of 0.044.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the genetic variations of APOA1 rs5072 and APOA4 rs1268354 contribute to the susceptibility of SZ, and the expression levels of APOA1 and APOA4 mRNA of peripheral blood leukocytes decreased in SZ patients during the episode while APOA4 increased after antipsychotic treatment.

scholarly journals iCodon: ideal codon design for customized gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Bazzini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Stability ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Codon Composition ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) stability substantially impacts steady-state gene expression levels in a cell. mRNA stability, in turn, is strongly affected by codon composition in a translation dependent manner across species, through a mechanism termed codon optimality. We have developed iCodon (www.iCodon.org), an algorithm for customizing mRNA expression through the introduction of synonymous codon substitutions into the coding sequence. iCodon is optimized for four vertebrate transcriptomes: mouse, human, frog, and fish. Users can predict the mRNA stability of any coding sequence based on its codon composition and subsequently generate more stable (optimized) or unstable (deoptimized) variants encoding for the same protein. Further, we show that codon optimality predictions correlate with expression levels using fluorescent reporters and endogenous genes in human cells and zebrafish embryos. Therefore, iCodon will benefit basic biological research, as well as a wide range of applications for biotechnology and biomedicine.

XXYLT1 Methylation Contributes to the Occurrence of Lung Adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zeng ◽  
ying wang ◽  
ying wang ◽  
yongjun zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Methylation Data ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to observe the methylation levels and mRNA expression of XXYLT1 and to further analyze their possible correlation with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: Thirty patients with lung adenocarcinoma (fifteen men and fifteen women) were recruited in this study. Cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were obtained from each of the patients. The expression levels of XXYLT1 mRNA were determined, and the DNA methylation status was analyzed by MassARRAY Spectrometry. The methylation data of individual units were generated by EpiTyper v1.0.5 software. Results: Among the male patients, the expression level of XXYLT1 mRNA was significantly higher in the para-carcinoma tissues compared to the cancer tissues. Meanwhile, among the male patients, the methylation rates of three CpG units (CpG_23, CpG_25, and CpG_60.61.62.63.64.65) within the XXYLT1 gene were lower in the para-carcinoma tissues compared to the cancer tissues.Conclusions: Our results show that XXYLT1 mRNA was down-regulated and methylation rates were increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than in para-carcinoma tissues. These suggested that methylation of XXYLT1 may have significance in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. Additional research is required to elucidate this aspect.

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