scholarly journals Analysis of the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Pure and Microemulsified Bullfrog Oil in Acute Lung Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
André Davim ◽  
Tereza Dantas ◽  
Márcia Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bullfrog Oil

AbstractInfectious diseases account for more than a third of all hospital admissions, and are highly prevalent in intensive care units. Currently, sepsis is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, with death rates reaching up to 60% among intensive care patients, according to statistics from low-income countries. The prominence of multi-resistant microorganisms is rising, while the possibilities of development of new target drugs are being exhausted. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of bullfrog oil in its pure state and in a microemulsion system in an experimental model of sepsis. Mice were separated into three groups and treated with bullfrog oil in its pure state, in a microemulsion, and with saline solution, and subsequently submitted to induction of sepsis. Bronchoalveolar lavages were performed for cell counts, as well as analyses of lung tissue samples. When the washings were analyzed, no statistically significant difference was observed in cell migration between the experimental groups, but a difference was observed between these groups and the saline solution group. When the lung tissue samples were analyzed, intense tissue wear was observed in the bullfrog oil groups, with the presence of cellular infiltrate and rupture of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. However, in the microemulsion group, no major tissue wear was observed, and the pulmonary parenchyma was more preserved. Thus, we concluded that bullfrog oil in pure form and in a microemulsion system are good modulators of the inflammatory response, with the microemulsion system being more efficient in protecting lung tissue.

scholarly journals Pulp tissue dissolution capacity of QMix 2in1 irrigation solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilara Arslan ◽  
Mehmet Burak Guneser ◽  
Alper Kustarci ◽  
Kursat Er ◽  
Seyda Herguner Siso
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue dissolution efficacy of four root canal irrigation solutions (sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], chlorhexidine gluconate [CHX], Octenidine [OCT], and QMix 2in1) on bovine pulp tissue. Materials and Methods: Fifty bovine pulp tissue samples, each weighing 6.55 mg, were prepared and randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 10) according to the dissolution irrigants used: (1) 5.25% NaOCl group; (2) 2% CHX group; (3) OCT group; (4) QMix 2in1 group; and (5) control group (saline solution). These samples were then placed into special bovine dentin reservoir models and immersed for 1 h with each test solution (0.1 mL of each) at room temperature. The pulp samples were then blotted dry and weighed again. The percentage of weight loss was calculated. Statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests (P = 0.05). Results: Saline solution did not dissolve the bovine pulp tissue. All groups, except OCT, dissolved pulp samples more effectively than the control group (P < 0.05). The highest tissue dissolution was observed in 5.25% NaOCl group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the tissue-dissolving effect between QMix 2in1 and those of 2% CHX. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, NaOCl exhibited the best tissue-dissolving effect out of all solutions tested. CHX and QMix 2in1 were able to dissolve pulp tissue but less than NaOCl. OCT and saline solutions could not exhibit significantly tissue-dissolving effectiveness. This study shown that QMix 2in1 has little capacity to dissolve pulp tissue therefore used alone is not sufficient for this purpose.

Abstract 472: PPARγ-agonist Rosiglitazone Modulates Macrophage Proliferation, Polarization, and Inflammatory Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Hyatt ◽  
Francis J Alenghat
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Pparγ Agonist ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Background: Macrophages are central to the initiation, progression, and repair of inflammation. Rosiglitazone (Rosi), an antidiabetic thiazolidinedione (TZD), is a PPAR-γ agonist. Although TZDs improve certain cardiovascular risk factors and surrogate endpoints, they do not appear to reduce major cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular risk of Rosi has been a particular concern. Previously undetected effects on macrophages could provide a more nuanced understanding of how Rosi and other TZDs impact inflammation. Results: To this end, we have characterized the effects of Rosi on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) in vitro . M2-polarized BMMs express canonical mRNA markers, IL10 and Ym1. In this system, compared to polarized untreated cells and M2s treated with 1μM of the TZD Pioglitazone (Pio), M2s treated with 1μM Rosi express lower levels of anti-inflammatory M2 markers (IL10: 0.07 ± 0.01 for Rosi vs. 0.73 ± 0.04 for untreated vs. 1.00 ± 0.06 a.u. for Pio; Ym1: 0.06 ± 0.00 for Rosi vs. 0.81 ± 0.06 for untreated vs. 1 ± 0.04 a.u. for Pio). M2s polarized in the presence of Rosi express diminished protein levels of the M2 marker CD206 when compared to untreated M2s (Rosi 0.44 vs. untreated 1.00 a.u.). Culture of marrow with BMM-differentiating media in the presence of Rosi increased proliferation compared to untreated marrow and to marrow treated with Pio or the PPARγ antagonist GW9662, as measured by cell counts (Rosi 189 ± 19% relative to untreated BMM counts; Pio 115 ± 4%; GW9662 103 ± 4%; n=4, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Mature BMMs showed greater increase in cell counts with Rosi when compared to untreated BMMs or those treated with Pio or GW9662 (Rosi +70 ± 7%, untreated +2 ± 1%, Pio +24 ± 10%, GW9662 +8 ± 5%, n=3, p < 3 x 10 -3 ). In an in vitro system of efferocytosis, macrophages differentiated in the presence of Rosi show impaired uptake of apoptotic foam cells in comparison to untreated BMMs (Rosi 0.77 vs. untreated 1.00 a.u.). Conclusion: Overall, we find that rosiglitazone, more than pioglitazone, increases macrophage proliferation and reduces anti-inflammatory markers and effector functions. Future work will seek to delineate the mechanism of this apparent inflammatory effect on macrophages.

scholarly journals Antitussive, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Septum Extract Rich in Bioactive Compounds

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Ionel Fizeșan ◽  
Marius Emil Rusu ◽  
Carmen Georgiu ◽  
Anca Pop ◽  
Maria-Georgia Ștefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Antitussive Effect ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of a walnut (Juglans regia L.) septum extract (WSE), rich in bioactive compounds were investigated using the citric acid aerosol-induced cough experimental model in rodents. Wistar male rats were treated orally for three days with distilled water (control), codeine (reference), and WSE in graded doses. On the third day, all rats were exposed to citric acid aerosols, the number of coughs being recorded. Each animal was sacrificed after exposure, and blood and lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis and the assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The results of the experiment showed a significant antitussive effect of WSE, superior to codeine. This activity could be due to cellular protective effect and anti-inflammatory effect via the stimulation of the antioxidant enzyme system and the decrease of IL-6 and CXC-R1 concentration in the lung tissue of WSE-treated animals. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WSE were confirmed by biochemical assays and histopathological analysis. This is the first scientific study reporting the antitussive effect of walnut septum, a new potential source of non-opioid antitussive drug candidates, and a valuable bioactive by-product that could be used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of anti-inflammatory agents on the integration of autogenous bone graft and bovine bone devitalized matrix in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Antoniolli da Silva ◽  
Djalma José Fagundes ◽  
Andréia Conceição Milan Brochado Antoniolli Silva ◽  
Karin Ellen Sisti ◽  
Themis Maria Milan Brochado de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Collagen Formation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group Ii

PURPOSE: To study the repair of bone defect filled with autograft or bovine bone devitalized matrix in rats under anti-inflammatory action. METHODS: Two hundred and forty Wistar rats were distributed to two groups of 120 animals each. A 2mm-diameter defect was created in the femoral diaphysis. Animals of Group I had the bone defect filled with autograft and those of Group II, with bovine bone devitalized matrix. Animals of each group were redistributed to four subgroups according to the intramuscular administration of anti-inflammatory drug or saline solution: A - diclofenac sodium; B - dexamethasone; C - meloxicam; D - saline solution. Evaluation periods were 7, 14 and 30 days. Histological evaluation consisted of quantifying the inflammatory process, the bone neoformation, the collagen formation and the presence of macrophages. RESULTS: Animals of Group I did not show significant difference considering inflammatory reaction. Significant and progressive increase of bone neoformation was observed in both groups. The animals that received meloxicam and autograft showed less collagen formation at 14 and 30 days. The number of macrophages was higher in Group II than in Group I. The animals treated with dexamethasone and saline solution did not show statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Diclofenac sodium and meloxicam delayed bone graft repair and dexamethasone did not interfere in it.

scholarly journals Euphorbia cuneata Represses LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Its Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Hossam M. Abdallah ◽  
Dina S. El-Agamy ◽  
Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Gamal A. Mohamed ◽  
Wael M. Elsaed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Euphorbia cuneata (EC; Euphorbiaceae), which widely grows in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, is used traditionally to treat pain and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the protective anti-inflammatory effect of a standardized extract of EC against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and the possible underlying mechanism(s) of this pharmacologic activity. ALI was induced in male Balb/c mice using intraperitoneal injection of LPS. A standardized total methanol extract of EC or dexamethasone was administered 5 days prior to LPS challenge. Bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) and lung samples were collected for analysis. The results demonstrated the protective anti-inflammatory effect of EC against LPS-induced ALI in mice. Standardized EC contained 2R-naringenin-7-O-β-glucoside (1), kaempferol-7-O-β-glucoside (2), cuneatannin (3), quercetin (4), and 2R-naringenin (5) in concentrations of 6.16, 4.80, 51.05, 13.20, and 50.00 mg/g of extract, respectively. EC showed a protective effect against LPS-induced pulmonary damage. EC reduced lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and total protein content in BALF, indicating attenuation of the pulmonary edema. Total and differential cell counts were decreased in EC-treated animals. Histopathological examination confirmed the protective effect of EC, as indicated by an amelioration of LPS-induced lesions in lung tissue. EC also showed a potent anti-oxidative property as it decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidants in lung tissue. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of EC was obvious through its ability to suppress the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and hence its reduction of the levels of downstream inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the protective effects of EC against LPS-induced lung injury in mice, which may be due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of RTD-1 in a Murine Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection: Inhibition of NF-κB, Inflammasome Gene Expression, and Pro-IL-1β Biosynthesis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Mansour A. Dughbaj ◽  
Jordanna G. Jayne ◽  
A Young J. Park ◽  
Timothy J. Bensman ◽  
Marquerita Algorri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Vicious cycles of chronic airway obstruction, lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and neutrophil-dominated inflammation contribute to morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Rhesus theta defensin-1 (RTD-1) is an antimicrobial macrocyclic peptide with immunomodulatory properties. Our objective was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of RTD-1 in a murine model of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection. Mice received nebulized RTD-1 daily for 6 days. Bacterial burden, leukocyte counts, and cytokine concentrations were evaluated. Microarray analysis was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and lung tissue homogenates. In vitro effects of RTD-1 in THP-1 cells were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblots, confocal microscopy, enzymatic activity assays, and NF-κB-reporter assays. RTD-1 significantly reduced lung white blood cell counts on days 3 (−54.95%; p = 0.0003) and 7 (−31.71%; p = 0.0097). Microarray analysis of lung tissue homogenates and BALF cells revealed that RTD-1 significantly reduced proinflammatory gene expression, particularly inflammasome-related genes (nod-like receptor protein 3, Mediterranean fever gene, interleukin (IL)-1α, and IL-1β) relative to the control. In vitro studies demonstrated NF–κB activation was reduced two-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) by RTD-1 treatment. Immunoblots revealed that RTD-1 treatment inhibited proIL-1β biosynthesis. Additionally, RTD-1 treatment was associated with a reduction in caspase-1 activation (FC = −1.79; p = 0.0052). RTD-1 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in chronically infected mice. Importantly, RTD-1 inhibits inflammasome activity, which is possibly a downstream effect of NF-κB modulation. These findings support that this immunomodulatory peptide may be a promising therapeutic for CF-associated lung disease.

scholarly journals Downregulation of Cytokines and Chemokines By GB Virus C after Transfusion-Transmission in HIV+ Blood Recipients

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4122-4122
Author(s):  
Marion Lanteri ◽  
Farnaz Vahidnia ◽  
Sylvia Tan ◽  
Jack Stapleton ◽  
Philip J. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background: An association between GBV-C and improved HIV-infection outcome has been reported in HIV+ individuals with active GBV-C co-infection. The host immunological response underlying GBV-C and HIV co-infection that results in better HIV survival is not well characterized. This longitudinal study provides insight into the immune mechanisms underlying the potential protective role of GBV-C in HIV infected patients. Methods: Concentrations of 64 cytokines and chemokines were measured in plasma samples from the Viral Activation Transfusion Study (VATS) cohort before and longitudinally after GBV-C acquisition in 30 HIV+/GBV-C+ cases and 30 HIV+/GBV-C- controls up to 15 months following first transfusion. Adjusted mixed modeling was used to analyze the impact of GBV-C infection on cytokine/chemokine concentrations over time, adjusting for time elapsed, HAART treatment status, HIV VL, and subject. Pathway Analysis (PA; Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) was performed to help predict what effect the observed cytokine changes might have on the host immune system. Results: A significant decrease in HIV VL was observed in HIV+/GBV-C+ cases from a mean log10(HIV VL) = 4.33 at baseline down to 3.24 at 100 days post-GBV-C detection (p<0.01) and maintained at 3.39 at 300 days post-GBV-C detection (p=0.02). GBV-C+/HIV+ cases had higher CD4 T cell counts than controls after acquisition of GBV-C infection. At baseline, there was no significant difference between HIV+/GBV-C+ cases and HIV+/GBV-C- controls in cytokine/chemokine levels. Most of the modulated cytokines and chemokines were reduced post-GBV-C detection, including many pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting an overall anti-inflammatory effect of GBV-C after co-infection in HIV+ subjects (Figure 1). After adjustment for HIV VL and HAART status, GBV-C infection significantly associated with decreases in the levels of nine cytokines (p<0.05 and FDR≤0.2): one anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 , two pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-7, four chemo-attractants MIP-1α, 6Ckine, I-TAC and GCP-2, and the growth factor SCF (Figure 2). Pathway Analysis showed HIV+/GBV-C+ cases had an enrichment in genes associated with cell death and apoptosis pathways of various cells (phagocytes, leukocytes including T cells, myeloid cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes, APC, neutrophils, neuroglia) and in the development of phagocytes and function of APCs and a decrease in binding, migration, and movement of cells within 3 months post-GBV-C detection. Similarly, 300 days post-GBV-C detection, there was a further decrease in cellular activation (PBMCs, myeloid cells) and cellular trafficking with an increase in the proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells and leukocyte infection. Conclusion: GBV-C has a protective effect in part through a competition mechanism leading to decreased inflammation and improved HIV disease outcome in GBV-C+/HIV+ individuals. Further studies are necessary to establish whether this purportedly non-pathogenic virus causing immune down-regulation could have deleterious effects on the host at the cellular level, including depleting the cells which are HIV targets. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. D. Shelburne ◽  
Peter Ingram ◽  
Victor L. Roggli ◽  
Ann LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid attenuates ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozkan Karatas ◽  
Fikret Gevrek
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Collagenase Activity ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, which is also known as gallic acid, is an anti-inflammatory agent who could provide beneficial effects in preventing periodontal inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid on experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats. Alveolar bone loss, osteoclastic activity, osteoblastic activity, and collagenase activity were also determined. Methods: 32 Wistar rats were used in the present study. Study groups were created as following: Healthy control (C,n=8) group; periodontitis (P,n=8) group; periodontitis and 30 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G30,n=8); periodontitis and 60 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G60,n=8). Experimental periodontitis was created by placing 4-0 silk sutures around the mandibular right first molar tooth. Morphological changes in alveolar bone were determined by stereomicroscopic evaluation. Mandibles were undergone histological evaluation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expressions, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclast cells, osteoblast, and inflammatory cell counts were determined. Results: Highest alveolar bone loss was observed in the periodontitis group. Both doses of gallic acid decreased alveolar bone loss compared to the P group. TRAP-positive osteoclast cell counts were higher in the P group, and gallic acid successfully lowered these counts. Osteoblast cells also increased in gallic acid administered groups. Inflammation in the P group was also higher than those of C, G30, and G60 groups supporting the role of gallic acid in preventing inflammation. 30 and 60 mg/kg doses of gallic acid decreased MMP-8 levels and increased TIMP-1 levels. BMP levels increased in gallic acid administered groups, similar to several osteoblasts. Conclusion: Present results revealed an anti-inflammatory effect of gallic acid, which was indicated by decreased alveolar bone loss and collagenase activity and increased osteoblastic activity.

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