Observations on the gametophytes of Grammitis billardieri Willd. and Ctenopteris heterophylla (Labill.) Tindale (Grammitidaceae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
IG Stone
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Grammitid Ferns ◽  
Longitudinal Division

An account is given of the spores, germination, and vegetative features of the prothalli of Grammitis billardieri and Ctenopteris heterophylla, and of the reproductive organs of G. billardieri. The characteristic germination is unlike that found in other ferns. The trilete green spore frequently divides in the unruptured sporangium and the first division produces two equal prothallial cells. Growth is extremely slow, the filament long and often branched, and the rhizoids which appear late may branch. The first longitudinal division occurs in a cell back from the apex, and the gametophyte at maturity is elongated and ribbon-like, with or without a slightly indented apex, brown marginal rhizoids, and discontinuous axial cushions two to three cells thick. The thallus, which is extremely slow in reaching maturity, is dark green, and the walls perpendicular to the surface are pitted. Regeneration is common. The most distinctive feature of the gametophyte of G. billardieri is the development of characteristic spine-like hairs unlike those found on fern prothalli of other families. These hairs are marginal in the anterior region and develop from wedge-shaped initial cells. They differ in form and origin from those found in members of the Polypodiaceae. The antheridia appear at an unusual stage in development, occurring after some of the archegonia have been produced and forming with them on the cushions. The archegonia have longer necks and the antheridia are slightly more complex than those found in members of the Polypodiaceae which have been investigated. It is considered that the separation of the family Grammitidaceae from the Polypodiaceae on sporophytic characters is supported by the gametophytic generation of the two Victorian grammitid ferns G. billardieri and C. heterophylla.

The transfer of transthyretin and receptor-binding properties from the plasma retinol-binding protein to the epididymal retinoic acid-binding protein

2002 ◽  
Vol 362 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manickavasagam SUNDARAM ◽  
Daan M. F. van AALTEN ◽  
John B. C. FINDLAY ◽  
Asipu SIVAPRASADARAO
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
The Family ◽  
Surface Receptor ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Members of the lipocalin superfamily share a common structural fold, but differ from each other with respect to the molecules with which they interact. They all contain eight β-strands (A—H) that fold to form a well-defined β-barrel, which harbours a binding pocket for hydrophobic ligands. These strands are connected by loops that vary in size and structure and make up the closed and open ends of the pocket. In addition to binding ligands, some members of the family interact with other macromolecules, the specificity of which is thought to be associated with the variable loop regions. Here, we have investigated whether the macromolecular-recognition properties can be transferred from one member of the family to another. For this, we chose the prototypical lipocalin, the plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and its close structural homologue the epididymal retinoic acid-binding protein (ERABP). RBP exhibits three molecular-recognition properties: it binds to retinol, to transthyretin (TTR) and to a cell-surface receptor. ERABP binds retinoic acid, but whether it interacts with other macromolecules is not known. Here, we show that ERABP does not bind to TTR and the RBP receptor, but when the loops of RBP near the open end of the pocket (L-1, L-2 and L-3, connecting β-strands A—B, C—D and E—F, respectively) were substituted into the corresponding regions of ERABP, the resulting chimaera acquired the ability to bind TTR and the receptor. L-2 and L-3 were found to be the major determinants of the receptor- and TTR-binding specificities respectively. Thus we demonstrate that lipocalins serve as excellent scaffolds for engineering novel biological functions.

Study of the ecology of the Tephritidae family (Insecta: Diptera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 047-080
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
And Control

Fruit flies belong to the Tephritidae Family which is one of the largest within the Order Diptera. This family is among the pests with the greatest economic expression in the world's fruit industry, as they attack the reproductive organs of plants, fruits with pulp and flowers. These insects are an important group of pests in the fruit industry worldwide, as they have a life cycle in which their larval period develops especially inside the fruits, feeding, in general, on their pulp. The objective of this study is to report the Ecology and Biology of Tephitidae. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family, Subfamily and Species (taxonomic groups) and conceptual aspects such as: biology, geographical distribution, methodologies, and traps for collecting and their parasitoids and strategies for Drosophlidae with control, species, life cycle, damage, economic importance, medicinal importance, biological aspects, monitoring and control and reproduction. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1993 to 2021. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, and Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periódicos CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International and VADLO.

Palate Morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Wee ◽  
Bruce S. Babiarz ◽  
Stephen Zimmerman ◽  
Ernest F. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Serotonin Antagonists ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Muscle Contractile ◽  
Contractile Cells

Previous studies have localized non-muscle contractile systems in the posterior (region 2) and the anterior (region 3) ends of mouse palates at the time of shelf movement. In order to determine whether these contractile systems function in shelf rotation, effects of pharmacologic agents have been analyzed in embryo culture. First, it was shown that the posterior end of the palate rotates before the anterior end, and its rotation in culture was proportionally greater as development of the embryo progressed. Generally, the posterior end of the palate was more easily inhibited in embryo culture than the anterior end. Serotonin at 10–−8 M to 10–−5 M was shown to significantly stimulate rotation atthe anterior end of the palate after 2 h in embryo culture. The effect on the posterior palate was less pronounced. To investigate further the role of this neurotransmitter on palate shelf rotation, serotonin antagonists were employed. Methysergide (10–−4 M) inhibited anterior shelf rotation to 12% of control values (P < 0·005), while not significantly affecting the posterior end. Ergotamine (10–−6 M) significantly inhibited the stimulation induced by 10–−5 M serotonin (P < 0·025). Cyproheptadine (10–−9 M) partially inhibited anterior and posterior shelf rotation in embryo culture. When injected into the pregnant dam, cyproheptadine partially inhibited shelf rotation and fusion. The palate was examined histologically after embryo culture. In the presence of 10–−4 M methysergide, the elongated contractile cells in region 3 at the anterior and midpalatal mesenchyme were prevented from rounding. Thus, serotonin may be regulating rotation of the anterior end of the palate by an effect on a cell-mediated process.

Caterina Sforza

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
Niccolò Machiavelli ◽  
Early Modern Italy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spiritual Retreat ◽  
A Cell

Caterina Sforza (b. 1462/63–d. 1509) was the daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza (b. 1444–d. 1476), duke of Milan (r. 1467–1476), and his mistress Lucrezia Landriani (b. 1440/45–d. 1507). In 1477, she married Girolamo Riario (b. 1443–d. 1488), nephew of Pope Sixtus IV and ruler of Imola since 1473. He gained possession of Forlì in 1480. Sforza bore at least eight children with Riario, six of whom survived infancy, and she became regent for her son Ottaviano (b. 1479–d. 1533) when Riario was assassinated in 1488. She survived several conspiracies against her rule of Imola and Forlì in the 1490s, and she was deposed only when Cesare Borgia (b. 1475/76–d. 1507) invaded the Romagna region in late 1499. Taken prisoner in early 1500, she was released in July 1501. Sforza moved to Florence, where she plotted to retake the family territories. Neither she nor the Riario family ever resumed power and she died after a long illness in 1509. She was buried in the Murate convent, where she had maintained a cell for spiritual retreat. Sforza’s political cunning and forceful rule fascinated many in early modern Italy, including Niccolò Machiavelli, who came to Forlì in 1499 to negotiate her son Ottaviano’s military contract with Florence. In The Prince, Machiavelli highlights Sforza’s use of fortresses for protection. His version of her actions after Riario’s assassination in 1488 did much to promote her reputation as a sexually bold and merciless ruler. By all accounts, when Sforza entered the Rocca di Ravaldino to facilitate its surrender to the rebels, she instead mounted the ramparts with the intention to rule and challenged her enemies to kill her children, who were hostages. According to Machiavelli, in the Discourses, she then lifted her skirts to reveal her genitals, a gesture meant to emphasize her claim that she could bear more children, who would eventually avenge Riario’s murder. This purported act is an exaggeration of her actions, but this version of the events remains influential as part of her legend. Sforza has often been cast as an exceptional woman not only because of her long regency, but also because of her sexual independence during her widowhood and regency. Without a husband or father to patrol her sexuality, Sforza inspired many rumors about possible sexual partners. During her widowhood, she did indeed maintain relationships with at least two men, whom she claimed after their deaths to have married. Giacomo Feo (b. 1470–d. 1495) achieved much power in her court and was assassinated. They had a son, Carlo (b. 1490–d. 1550s). The second, Giovanni di Pierfrancesco de’ Medici (b. 1467–d. 1498), of the cadet branch of the Florentine family, did not gain political power and died of natural causes. During her final years in Florence, Sforza won custody of their son, Giovanni (b. 1498–d. 1526). She then oversaw his education and estates, and he grew up to became a famous military commander in Italy, known as Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, and father of the future duke of Florence, Cosimo I de’ Medici (b. 1519–d. 1574). Sforza’s Medici connections augmented her fame after her death.

scholarly journals Peculiaries of interactions between proteins of the macroglobulin family and with the endocytic receptors (a possible mechanism of transmembrane transfer)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
V.N. Zorina ◽  
R.M. Zorina ◽  
N.A. Zorin
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein

We have conducted a series of experiments, for specification of mechanisms which proteins of the macroglobulin family deliver regulatory substances inside of a cells. We have shown that all members of the family are not only compete for binding to proteinases, but also can interact with each other. We have confirmed that only a complex of alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) with proteinase is capable to react with the major endocytic receptor (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, LRP). For the first time we have demonstrated, that interaction of α2-MG firstly with proteinase, and then with LRP provokes a progressive conformational consolidation of the multicomplex, which is accompanied by a paradoxical increase of the electrophoretic mobility in comparison with native α2-MG. We suggest that such stepwise conformational consolidation, together with earlier demonstrated charge neutralization (versus pI of internal environments) after interaction firstly with proteinase, and then with LRP, components of is the key moment of the mechanism of transmembrane transfer. Taking into account, that α2-MG transfers a broad spectrum of protein regulators, and interacts not only with LRP, but also with a signal receptor (grp78), and also can regulate (under certain conditions) both own synthesis, and synthesis of LRP and its blocker (receptor - associated protein, RAP), we suggest that this main member of the macroglobulin family plays a leading role in the regulation of intercellular interactions and in the transmission of signal inside of a cell.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PLACENTAL DISORDERS AMONG RISK FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF ISOLATED HYPOSPADIAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
V. V. Nikolaev ◽  
Yury N. Solontsov ◽  
A. A. Protasov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
The Family ◽  
Male Line ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Placenta Pathology ◽  
Retrospective Questionnaire

Aim of the study. The incidence of hypospadias increased by 2-3 times within the last 50 years. Changes in the frequency occurred mostly due to the gain of the distal isolated forms. The etiology of the majority of cases of the isolated hypospadias isn’t clear. The study of the origin hypospadias is at a stage of the search and assessment of the value of risk factors. The multifactorial pathology is supposed to be caused by changes in an organism of the mother, a placenta and environment factors. Our research is devoted to the assessment of placental factors in the formation of hypospadias. Material and Methods. We have performed a retrospective questionnaire among parents of 99 children with the isolated forms of hypospadias. The special attention was paid to the collecting of the family anamnesis, including data on diseases of reproductive organs, both at parents and at the immediate family in the male line and also data on a occupation, addictions (smoking) of parents. Information was also collected about the peculiarities of the course of the prenatal period and the outcome of childbirth. On the basis of the obtained data, an assessment of the influence of various “parental” factors on the formation of the isolated hypospadias forms in their sons is given. Results. In 4 out of 99 cases, the origin of isolated hypospadias has been caused by genetic deviations. Primary diseases of reproductive organs in parents have been noted as follow: in fathers in 18 of 95 cases, and in mothers in 12 cases. Most often the placenta pathology in the first trimester of pregnancy was shown by the threat of a spontaneous miscarriage (in 35 cases from 95). Placental disturbances during all pregnancy were accompanied by premature births in 25 cases. In 22 cases placental disorders were shown by a fetus arrest of development. Conclusions. In our research placental disturbances were the most frequent risk factors in the formation of the isolated hypospadias.

scholarly journals Process of Oogenesis in Proechinocephalus Egreti (A Digenetic Trematode) Shrivastava, 1960

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Cattle Egret ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Indian Cattle ◽  
Whole Mounts ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

<div><p>         <em>Present paper deals with the study of process of oogenesis of a digenetic trematode Proechinocephalus egreti (a digenetic trematode) of the family Echinostomatidae was collected from the intestine of an Indian cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus. A few of parasites were flattened on a clean slide under the slight pressure of a cover glass &amp; fixed in Alcoholic Bouin,s fluid for 12 hours. Stains like Gover’s Carmine, Mayer’s Para carmine &amp; Haemalum were  used for the preparation of whole mounts for identification &amp; the study of female reproductive organs &amp; the process of oogenesis in Proechinocephalus egreti.  </em></p></div>

scholarly journals Preliminary Quantification of Phytochemicals in Methanolic Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L Using HPTLC

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathania Singh Mamta ◽  
Singh Hitender ◽  
Guleria Puspha ◽  
Sapna Sapna ◽  
Bhardwaj Payal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Dark Green

Rosmarinus officinalis L. commonly known as Rosemary belong to the family Lamiaceae. It is an aromatic herb which is hardy, dense and evergreen in natural habitat. It is one of the medicinal plants which is cultivated around the world for its medicinal, therapeutic purpose and is used as condiment and food preservative. It is one of the oldest Mediterranean shrub having strong, pungent aroma having dark green and elongated leaves with white or purple flowers. It is a perennial herb reaching 100 to 210 cm in height having pointed and hairy, resinous dark green leaves with lower white surface. The present study review about macroscopical/botanical description of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and its methanolic extraction analysis for preliminary quantification of chemical constituents by visualizing TLC plate under different wavelength of UV light i.e., 255nm, 366nm and 566nm to get chromatograph by HPTLC.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Pengetahuan Wanita Usia Subur Tentang Efek Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Progestin Terhadap Kesehatan Organ Reproduksi

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1236
Author(s):  
Nora Veri ◽  
Alchalidi Alchalidi ◽  
Dewita Dewita ◽  
Nuswatul - Khaira ◽  
T. Iskandar Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAK Pemerintah menggalakan program Keluarga Berencana (KB) untuk mengendalikan pertumbuhan penduduk. Salah satu program KB adalah dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi. Metode kontrasepsi yang saat ini yang paling banyak digunakan oleh Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) adalah suntikan Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) yang berisi hormon progesteron. DMPA memiliki efek samping yang merugikan organ reproduksi untuk penggunaan jangka panjang. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan wanita usia subur tentang efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal DMPA jangka panjang pada organ reproduksi. Metode pelaksanaan adalah dengan edukasi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang kontrasepsi DMPA dengan sasaran wanita usia subur akseptor KB DMPA sebanyak 60 orang. Hasil kegiatan diperoleh bahwa mayoritas pengetahuan wanita usia subur pada kategori kurang pada saat pretest sebanyak 41 orang (68,33%) dan pada saat posttest mayoritas berada pada kategori baik sebanyak 53 orang (88,33%). Adanya peningkatan pengetahuan setelah dilakukan edukasi tentang penggunaan kontrasepsi DMPA dan efek samping yang ditimbulkan akibat penggunaan jangka panjang terhadap kesehatan organ reproduksi. Kata Kunci :   Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA), Wanita Usia Subur, Kontrasepsi, Keluarga Berencana  ABSTRACT The government is promoting the Family Planning (KB) program to control population growth. One of the family planning programs is the use of contraception. The method of contraception currently most widely used by women of reproductive age is the injection of Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) which contains the progesterone hormone. DMPA has adverse side effects on reproductive organs for long-term use. The purpose of this service is to increase the knowledge of women of reproductive age about the side effects of long-term use of DMPA hormonal contraceptives on the reproductive organs. The method of implementation is education to increase knowledge about DMPA contraception with the target of women of reproductive age DMPA to acceptors as many as 60 people. The results of the activity showed that the majority of knowledge of women of reproductive age were in the lack knowledge at the time of the pretest as many as 41 people (68.33%) and at the time of the posttest the majority were in the good knowledge category as many as 53 people (88.33%). There is an increase in knowledge after education about the use of DMPA contraceptives and the side effects caused by long-term use on the health of the reproductive organs. Keywords: Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA), women of reproductive age, Contraception, Family Planning

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