Nitrogen deficiency precludes a growth response to CO2 enrichment in C3 and C4 Panicum grasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Jann P. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Deficiency

We investigated the interaction of nitrogen (N) supply and CO2 enrichment on the growth and photosynthesis of Panicum laxum (C3), P. coloratum (C4) and P. antidotale (C4). Plants were grown at ambient CO2 partial pressures (pa) of either 36 (low) or 71 (high) Pa, in potted soil supplied with 0 (low) or 60 (high) mg N kg-1 soil week-1. Elevated CO2 enhanced total plant dry mass of all three species by approximately 28% under high N supply, but had no effect on biomass accumulation under N deficiency. CO2 enrichment resulted in reductions of CO2 assimilation rates (A; measured at comparable pa) of P. laxum, indicating acclimation of photosynthesis. This acclimation, which was more pronounced under N stress, was unrelated to changes in leaf N or non-structural carbohydrate concentrations, because neither were affected by CO2 enrichment. In the C4 grasses grown at low N, A were fully saturated at the current ambient pa, whereas at high N, A increased slightly when CO2 was raised to 71 Pa. N deficiency reduced the initial slope of the CO2 response curve of A in P. antidotale, and this effect was more pronounced at high CO2. In conclusion, the preclusion of a growth response to CO2 enrichment by N deficiency was correlated with a strong inhibition of A in the C3 species, and the saturation of A at below current atmospheric pa in C4 species.

scholarly journals Microstructural and physiological responses to cadmium stress under different nitrogen levels in Populus cathayana females and males

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Liu ◽  
Jingwen Bi ◽  
Xiucheng Liu ◽  
Jieyu Kang ◽  
Helena Korpelainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Although increasing attention has been paid to the relationships between heavy metal and nitrogen (N) availability, the mechanism underlying adaptation to cadmium (Cd) stress in dioecious plants has been largely overlooked. This study examined Cd accumulation, translocation and allocation among tissues and cellular compartments in Populus cathayana Rehder females and males. Both leaf Cd accumulation and root-to-shoot Cd translocation were significantly greater in females than in males under a normal N supply, but they were reduced in females and enhanced in males under N deficiency. The genes related to Cd uptake and translocation, HMA2, YSL2 and ZIP2, were strongly induced by Cd stress in female roots and in males under a normal N supply. Cadmium largely accumulated in the leaf blades of females and in the leaf veins of males under a normal N supply, while the contrary was true under N deficiency. Furthermore, Cd was mainly distributed in the leaf epidermis and spongy tissues of males, and in the leaf palisade tissues of females. Nitrogen deficiency increased Cd allocation to the spongy tissues of female leaves and to the palisade tissues of males. In roots, Cd was preferentially distributed to the epidermis and cortices in both sexes, and also to the vascular tissues of females under a normal N supply but not under N deficiency. These results suggested that males possess better Cd tolerance compared with females, even under N deficiency, which is associated with their reduced root-to-shoot Cd translocation, specific Cd distribution in organic and/or cellular compartments, and enhanced antioxidation and ion homeostasis. Our study also provides new insights into engineering woody plants for phytoremediation.

The Influence of Nitrogen on the Elevated CO2 Response in Field-Grown Rice

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
LH Ziska ◽  
W Weerakoon ◽  
OS Namuco ◽  
R Pamplona
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Root Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
N Supply

Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR72) was grown in the tropics at ambient (345 μL L-1) or twice ambient (elevated, 700 μL L-1) CO2, concentration at three levels of supplemental nitrogen (N) (no additional N (N0), 90 kg ha-1 (N1) and 200 kg ha-1 (N2)) in open-top chambers under irrigated field conditions from seeding until flowering. The primary objective of the study was to determine if N supply alters the sensitivity of growth and photosynthesis of field-grown rice to enriched CO2. A second objective was to determine the influence of elevated CO2 on N uptake and tissue concentrations. Although photosynthesis was initially stimulated at the leaf and canopy level with elevated CO2 regardless of supplemental N supply, with time the photosynthetic response became highly dependent on the level of supplemental N, increasing proportionally as N availability increased. Similarly, a synergistic effect was noted between CO2 and N with respect to above-ground biomass with no effect of elevated CO2 observed for the No treatment. Most of the increase in above-ground biomass with increasing CO2 and N was associated with increased tiller and, to a lesser extent, root production. The concentration of above-ground N decreased at elevated CO2 regardless of N treatment; however, total above-ground N did not change for the N1 and N2 treatments because of the greater amount of biomass associated with elevated CO2. For rice, the photosynthetic and growth response to elevated CO2 may be highly dependent on the supply of N. If additional CO2 is given and N is not available, lack of sinks for excess carbon (e.g. tillers) may limit the photosynthetic and growth response.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll fluorescence and biomass partitioning within light and nitrogen deficiency: An example of the use of the R programming language for teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e2629
Author(s):  
Junior Pastor Pérez-Molina ◽  
Raquel Castro Lara ◽  
Ian Portuguez Brenes ◽  
Valerie Araya Trejos ◽  
Andrey Quesada Traña
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
R Programming Language ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
R Programming

Introduction: Chlorophyll Fluorescence (Fv/Fm) detects damage in photosystem II (PSII) in plants exposed to stress (biotic and/or abiotic). Objective: In this context, Fv/Fm for the diagnosis of the effect of N deficiency and light in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) was evaluated. Methods: We used the software R to analyze data from an experiment consisted of two light treatments (high and low) and two Hoagland nutritive solutions (N deficiency: (-)N; and complete solution: C). Twenty tomato plants within the two light treatments, with two nutrient levels ((-)N and C) were used. For four weeks, weekly measurements for height (H), leaf number (NL), and Fv/Fm were made. On the fourth week, the dry mass partitioning (root: RMR; stem: SMR; and leaves: LMR) and chlorophyll concentration (a, b, a/b, and total) was measured. Results: We found statistically significant differences between treatments for H, NL and Fv/Fm (KW> 14,5, g.l.= 3,76, P<0,01), but no differences for chlorophyll concentration (F<2,2; g.l.=1, 16, P>0,05). In both light conditions it was higher LMR in C treatment, but with lower RMR compared to (-)N. Statistically significant correlations (% Spearman, P<0,05) between Fv/Fm and LMR, RMR, and SMR (-76%, 69%, and 37%, respectively) were found. Conclusion: Overall, we can emphasize that the Fv/Fm is a sensitive variable to the stress caused by nitrogen and light deficiency, whose progress of stress time-course can assess. Finally, Fv/Fm proved to be an indicator of the dry mass partition of stress induced by N deficiency and could be implemented as diagnostic in breeding programs.    

scholarly journals Nitrogen deficiency results in changes to cell wall composition of sorghum seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ramdan Rivai ◽  
Takuji Miyamoto ◽  
Tatsuya Awano ◽  
Rie Takada ◽  
Yuki Tobimatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Guaiacyl Lignin

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has been gaining attention as a feedstock for biomass energy production. While it is obvious that nitrogen (N) supply significantly affects sorghum growth and biomass accumulation, our knowledge is still limited regarding the effect of N on the biomass quality of sorghum, such as the contents and structures of lignin and other cell wall components. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of N supply on the structure and composition of sorghum cell walls. The cell walls of hydroponically cultured sorghum seedlings grown under sufficient or deficient N conditions were analyzed using chemical, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, gene expression, and immunohistochemical methods. We found that the level of N supply considerably affected the cell wall structure and composition of sorghum seedlings. Limitation of N led to a decrease in the syringyl/guaiacyl lignin unit ratio and an increase in the amount and alteration of tissue distribution of several hemicelluloses, including mixed linkage (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-d-glucan, and arabinoxylan. At least some of these cell wall alterations could be associated with changes in gene expression. Nitrogen status is thus one of the factors affecting the cell wall properties of sorghum seedlings.

The Effect of Leaf Nitrogen and Temperature on the CO2 Response of Photosynthesis in the C3 Dicot MChenopodium album L

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Sage ◽  
TD Sharkey ◽  
RW Pearcy
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

The CO2 response of photosynthesis was studied in the C3 annual, Chenopodium album L. Both the initial slope of the photosynthetic CO2 response and the CO2 saturated rate of photosynthesis were linearly dependent on organic leaf nitrogen content. As leaf nitrogen increased or leaf temperature declined, the CO2 saturation point of photosynthesis declined. Increasing leaf temperature from 15 to 34°C stimulated the CO2-saturated rate of photosynthesis but had little effect on the initial slope of the photosynthetic CO2 response. According to the photosynthesis model of Sharkey (1985 Bot. Rev. 51: 53-105), these results indicate that as leaf nitrogen increased, the capacity for RuP2 carboxylase and RuP2 regeneration increased to a greater extent than the capacity of starch and sucrose synthesis to regenerate orthophosphate. As a result, in high nitrogen leaves, photosynthesis appeared to be limited by the capacity to regenerate phosphate at lower CO2 partial pressures than in low nitrogen leaves. In high nitrogen leaves, increasing temperature appeared to enhance the phosphate regeneration capacity to a greater extent than the capacity of RuP2 carboxylase. Consequently, while under cool conditions (<20°C), CO2 assimilation in normal atmospheric air appeared to be limited by the phosphate regeneration capacity, under warm conditions (34°C), RuP2 carboxylase capacity appeared to limit CO2 assimilation.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of the CO2 Enrichment and Nitrogen Supply on the Biomass Accumulation, Gas Exchange Properties, and Mineral Elements Concentrations in Cucumber Plants at Different Growth Stages

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Li ◽  
Jinlong Dong ◽  
Nazim S. Gruda ◽  
Wenying Chu ◽  
Zengqiang Duan
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Concentration Changes

The concentration changes of mineral elements in plants at different CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) and nitrogen (N) supplies and the mechanisms which control such changes are not clear. Hydroponic trials on cucumber plants with three [CO2] (400, 625, and 1200 μmol mol−1) and five N supply levels (2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 mmol L−1) were conducted. When plants were in high N supply, the increase in total biomass by elevated [CO2] was 51.7% and 70.1% at the seedling and initial fruiting stages, respectively. An increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by more than 60%, a decrease in stomatal conductance (Gs) by 21.2–27.7%, and a decrease in transpiration rate (Tr) by 22.9–31.9% under elevated [CO2] were also observed. High N supplies could further improve the Pn and offset the decrease of Gs and Tr by elevated [CO2]. According to the mineral concentrations and the correlation results, we concluded the main factors affecting these changes. The dilution effect was the main factor driving the reduction of all mineral elements, whereas Tr also had a great impact on the decrease of [N], [K], [Ca], and [Mg] except [P]. In addition, the demand changes of N, Ca, and Mg influenced the corresponding element concentrations in cucumber plants.

scholarly journals Growth, Mineral Nutrients, Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters of Citrus in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
Wei-Tao Huang ◽  
Yi-Zhi Xie ◽  
Xu-Feng Chen ◽  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Huan-Huan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
N Deficiency

Limited data are available on the physiological responses of Citrus to nitrogen (N) deficiency. ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and ‘Shantian pummelo’ (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) seedlings were fertilized with nutrient solution at a N concentration of 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 mM for 10 weeks. N deficiency decreased N uptake and N concentration in leaves, stems and roots and disturbed nutrient balance and homeostasis in plants, thus inhibiting plant growth, as well as reducing photosynthetic pigment levels and impairing thylakoid structure and photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) in leaves, hence lowering CO2 assimilation. The imbalance of nutrients intensified N deficiency’s adverse impacts on biomass, PETC, CO2 assimilation and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Citrus displayed adaptive responses to N deficiency, including (a) elevating the distributions of N and other elements in roots, as well as root dry weight (DW)/shoot DW ratio and root-surface-per-unit volume and (b) improving photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). In general, N deficiency had less impact on biomass and photosynthetic pigment levels in C. grandis than in C. sinensis seedlings, demonstrating that the tolerance of C. grandis seedlings to N deficiency was slightly higher than that of C. sinensis seedlings, which might be related to the higher PNUE of the former.

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Supply Ameliorates the Performance of Wheat Seedlings under Osmotic Stress in Genotype-Specific Manner

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Kartseva ◽  
Anelia Dobrikova ◽  
Konstantina Kocheva ◽  
Vladimir Alexandrov ◽  
Georgi Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Modern Variety ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
N Deficiency

Strategies and coping mechanisms for stress tolerance under sub-optimal nutrition conditions could provide important guidelines for developing selection criteria in sustainable agriculture. Nitrogen (N) is one of the major nutrients limiting the growth and yield of crop plants, among which wheat is probably the most substantial to human diet worldwide. Physiological status and photosynthetic capacity of two contrasting wheat genotypes (old Slomer and modern semi-dwarf Enola) were evaluated at the seedling stage to assess how N supply affected osmotic stress tolerance and capacity of plants to survive drought periods. It was evident that higher N input in both varieties contributed to better performance under dehydration. The combination of lower N supply and water deprivation (osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol treatment) led to greater damage of the photosynthetic efficiency and a higher degree of oxidative stress than the individually applied stresses. The old wheat variety had better N assimilation efficiency, and it was also the one with better performance under N deficiency. However, when both N and water were deficient, the modern variety demonstrated better photosynthetic performance. It was concluded that different strategies for overcoming osmotic stress alone or in combination with low N could be attributed to differences in the genetic background. Better performance of the modern variety conceivably indicated that semi-dwarfing (Rht) alleles might have a beneficial effect in arid regions and N deficiency conditions.

scholarly journals Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7674
Author(s):  
Ting Liang ◽  
Zhengqing Yuan ◽  
Lu Fu ◽  
Menghan Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
N Deficiency

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. The root system architecture is a highly regulated morphological system, which is sensitive to the availability of nutrients, such as N. Phenotypic characterization of roots from LY9348 (a rice variety with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)) treated with 0.725 mM NH4NO3 (1/4N) was remarkable, especially primary root (PR) elongation, which was the highest. A comprehensive analysis was performed for transcriptome and proteome profiling of LY9348 roots between 1/4N and 2.9 mM NH4NO3 (1N) treatments. The results indicated 3908 differential expression genes (DEGs; 2569 upregulated and 1339 downregulated) and 411 differential abundance proteins (DAPs; 192 upregulated and 219 downregulated). Among all DAPs in the proteome, glutamine synthetase (GS2), a chloroplastic ammonium assimilation protein, was the most upregulated protein identified. The unexpected concentration of GS2 from the shoot to the root in the 1/4N treatment indicated that the presence of an alternative pathway of N assimilation regulated by GS2 in LY9348 corresponded to the low N signal, which was supported by GS enzyme activity and glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) contents analysis. In addition, N transporters (NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.3, NRT2.4, NAR2.1, AMT1.3, AMT1.2, and putative AMT3.3) and N assimilators (NR2, GS1;1, GS1;2, GS1;3, NADH-GOGAT2, and AS2) were significantly induced during the long-term N-deficiency response at the transcription level (14 days). Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were significantly modulated by N deficiency. Notably, many transcription factors and plant hormones were found to participate in root morphological adaptation. In conclusion, our study provides valuable information to further understand the response of rice roots to N-deficiency stress.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Dissection of the Responses of Two Contrasting Wheat Genotypes to Nitrogen Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rezaul Karim ◽  
Ruonan Wang ◽  
Lu Zheng ◽  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
Renfang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Sulfate Assimilation ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Tetrapyrrole Synthesis ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
N Deficiency

Nitrogen deficiency usually occurs along with aluminum toxicity in acidic soil, which is one of the major constraints for wheat production worldwide. In order to compare adaptive processes to N deficiency with different Al-tolerant wheat cultivars, we chose Atlas 66 and Scout 66 to comprehensively analyze the physiological responses to N deficiency, coupled with label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. Results showed that both cultivars were comparable in most physiological indexes under N deficient conditions. However, the chlorophyll content in Scout 66 was higher than that of Atlas 66 under N deficiency. Further proteomic analysis identified 5592 and 5496 proteins in the leaves of Atlas 66 and Scout 66, respectively, of which 658 and 734 proteins were shown to significantly change in abundance upon N deficiency, respectively. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in cellular N compound metabolic process, photosynthesis, etc. Moreover, tetrapyrrole synthesis and sulfate assimilation were particularly enriched in Scout 66. Our findings provide evidence towards a better understanding of genotype-dependent responses under N deficiency which could help us to develop N efficient cultivars to various soil types.

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