From experiment to real-life data

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Surkyn ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove ◽  
Dominiek Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Automatic Retrieval ◽  
The Social

Abstract We examine unintentional spelling errors on verb homophones in informal online chat conversations of Flemish adolescents. In experiments, these verb forms yielded an effect of homophone dominance, i.e., most errors occurred on the lower-frequency form (Sandra et al., 1999). Verb homophones are argued to require the conscious application of a spelling rule, which may cause a temporary overload of working memory resources and trigger automatic retrieval of the higher-frequency spelling from the mental lexicon. Unlike most previous research, we investigate homophone intrusions in a natural writing context. Thus, we test the ‘ecological validity’ of psycholinguistic experiments. Importantly, this study relates these psycholinguistic constructs to different social variables in social media writing to test a prediction that directly follows from Sandra et al.’s account. Whereas social factors likely affect the error rates, they should not affect the error pattern: the number of working memory failures occurs at another processing level than the homophone intrusions. Hence, the focus is on the interaction between homophone dominance and the social variables. The errors for two types of verb homophones reveal (a) an impact of all social variables, (b) an effect of homophone dominance, and (c) no interaction between this effect and the social factors.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sosial Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Mie Instan Indomie (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Telanaipura Kecamatan Telanaipura Jambi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Denny Asmas ◽  
Ahmad Tarmizi
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Social Variable ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Instant Noodle

The increasing number of residents, especially in Telanaipura Village Telanaipura sub-district will have far-reaching implications also on the decision to purchase instant noodle products.  the background outlined above, can be taken to formulate a problem: How social variables affect the decision to buy Instant Indomie noodle products. The purpose of this study is as follows: To analyze the influence of social variables on the decision to buy instant indomie noodle products. To find out the social influence and purchasing decisions used the regression formula. The accumulated results of respondents' answers showed that on average, all respondents' answers showed that the purchase decision variable was at a pretty good level with an average score of 320. The accumulated respondent's response to social variables was 325.8. This value is in a fairly good interval class. This means that social factors are considered by consumers to consume instant indomie noodle food. determination coefficient or (R Square) of independent variable regression (Social Variable) to the Decision to Purchase indomie instant noodle products 0.643. social variable t-calculated value of 2,003, because the t-count value (2,003) is greater than t-Table (1,684) then at the error rate 5% Ho rejected Ha accepted

Social influence in the use of the present perfect in Bilbao

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Burgo
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Constraints ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
Semantic Domains

The Present Perfect (PP) in some Peninsular Spanish dialects is following the same path as other Romance languages; it is going through a grammaticalization process where the PP is usurping the semantic domains of the Preterite. This is the case of many Peninsular dialects such as Alicante (Schwenter, 1994) and Madrid (Serrano, 1994) among others as well as Bilbao (Kempas, 2005). He found that the frequencies of PPs in hodiernal contexts were higher than in other Spanish cities so these findings point out to a more advanced path of grammaticalization in this city. Previous studies have paid more attention to the linguistic constraints that favor the use of the PP instead of the Preterite rather than the social factors that influence this linguistic change. In this article, I focus on the study of three social variables (age, gender and class) to account for evidence of a change in progress in Bilbao Spanish.

Realization Patterns of Request Strategies in Sudanese Arabic and English

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Abdel Gadir Tag Eldin
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indirect Requests ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study tried to identify the Sudanese university students’ preferences of request strategies. It explored the claim of the universality of the speech act’s three levels of directness i.e. direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventionally indirect. It contrasted and compared the subjects’ choice of strategies in Arabic and English languages. It also investigated the impact of some social factors on the subjects’ strategy choice. The data collected from the subjects showed that they used direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventionally indirect requests when they responded to English and Arabic Discourse Completion Tests. This finding consolidated the universality claim of the three levels of directness. The data also showed that the subjects preferred to use direct requests more than the conventionally indirect ones and hints. The collectivist culture of the students’ society influenced their choice of direct strategies as it is based on solidarity, intimacy, etc. The results also showed that the different social variables i.e. the social distance between the interactants, the power one interlocutor has over the other, and the degree of request imposition had impact on the subjects’ choice of strategies. </p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>:</strong> Pragmatics, Request Strategies, Speech acts, Sudanese university students, Sudanese Colloquial Arabic.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of analogical effects and social factors on the spelling of partially homophonous verb forms in informal social media writing

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Hanne Surkyn ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove ◽  
Dominiek Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Correct Spelling ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study examines unintentional spelling errors on past participles produced by Flemish teenagers in private online writing. Previous psycholinguistic research on verb spelling errors in Dutch mainly focused on identical homophones (Bosman 2005; Frisson & Sandra 2002; Sandra et al. 1999). The present study, however, deals with past participles that are only partially homophonous with other forms in the inflectional paradigm and investigates whether the spelling of these verbs is affected by whole-word frequency, paradigmatic and bigram support for the correct spelling and the token frequency of the past participles’ morphological family. The error rates reflect the effect of both paradigmatic and bigram support. Moreover, the unique database makes it possible to analyze the impact of three social factors (Gender, Educational track and Age). Our results reveal an effect on the error rates of all social variables. Finally, these social factors do not interact with paradigmatic and bigram support.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF GDP GROWTH AND MODELING ISSUES: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Shahzad Farid ◽  
◽  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Ahmad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Growth Modeling ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
The Social

The study claimed that economic variables, exclusively, have been prioritized to determine GDP growth while social variables are comparatively vigorous for the determination. Therefore, the study determined GDP growth using economic variables which produced robust results whereas the social variables determined GDP growth concretely. This indicated the modeling issues in terms of economic variables to be used solely. I concluded that social variables to determine GDP growth (using Granger causality) satisfy the conditions of causality – necessity and sufficiency – and formulated a narrative equation (equation a) that reflected most effective predictor(s) of GDP growth. Keywords: GDP growth, Modeling, Social factors, Economic factors

scholarly journals Immersive virtual reality gameplay captures age differences in naturalistic prospective memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Saito ◽  
Nathan Rose
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Phone Calls

Age differences in prospective memory (PM)—memory for delayed intentions—have shown paradoxical patterns between laboratory and naturalistic settings. Virtual reality (VR) has been used to try and enhance the ecological validity of PM assessments, but methodological differences and limited validation have undermined interpretation of previous findings. We compared age differences between VR- and naturalistic-based measures of PM performance for younger (18-30 years) and older (56-83 years) adults (N = 111) to explore the role of task context and familiarity. Participants completed PM tasks embedded in the Job Simulator VR videogame and a Breakfast task that involved setting a table and simulating breakfast food preparation. We also included two real-world measures in which participants tried to remember to exchange personal belongings with the experimenter (Belongings task) and return phone calls at specific times outside the lab (Call-back task). We found comparable age deficits in Job Simulator and the Breakfast task. However, the age-PM paradox persisted in the Belongings and Call-back tasks. Hierarchical regression modeling was conducted to determine the roles of working memory, vigilance, and personality traits in each. Regression analyses revealed that significant variance in lab-based PM performance was accounted for by individual differences in working memory and agreeableness in older adults, while variance in naturalistic PM performance was accounted for by vigilance and neuroticism in young adults. This study suggests that immersive VR gameplay helped to provide ecologically valid PM assessment and advance a theoretical account of the age-PM paradox with a systematic, task-based analysis of age and individual differences in PM. Different mediators predicted young and older adults’ PM differently across real-world and in-lab contexts (despite measuring similar, naturalistic PM in the same individuals in both VR and in real life). There are methodological, cognitive, &amp; personality moderators, but the “paradox” appears to be a real developmental phenomenon.

Hedges in Japanese conversation: The influence of age, sex, and formality

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuka Lauwereyns
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Casual Speech ◽  
Two Age Groups

Hedges in Japanese conversation are discussed in relation to three social variables: age, sex, and formality. In the present study, hedges are defined as expressions of uncertainty, possibility, or tentativeness, all of which convey a sense of vagueness. I quantified the use of 26 Japanese hedges (e.g., toka ‘or something’, kana ‘I wonder’, nanka ‘like’, and tabun ‘probably’). Three hypotheses were posited to investigate the effect of the social variables: hedges are used (1) more often by younger speakers than by older speakers; (2) more often by women than by men; (3) more often in casual speech than in formal speech. Data of 20 single-sex dyads were collected from two age groups and from both sexes. The data supported hypotheses (1) and (2), but not (3). Most notably, younger female speakers use hedges often. Social factors of the speaker as well as context play an important role in the use of hedges in Japanese conversation.

Neuropsychology in the Real World

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Peper ◽  
Simone N. Loeffler
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Current ambulatory technologies are highly relevant for neuropsychological assessment and treatment as they provide a gateway to real life data. Ambulatory assessment of cognitive complaints, skills and emotional states in natural contexts provides information that has a greater ecological validity than traditional assessment approaches. This issue presents an overview of current technological and methodological innovations, opportunities, problems and limitations of these methods designed for the context-sensitive measurement of cognitive, emotional and behavioral function. The usefulness of selected ambulatory approaches is demonstrated and their relevance for an ecologically valid neuropsychology is highlighted.

Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

The Hitman Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Ferguson ◽  
Stephanie M. Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mood Management ◽  
Video Game Play ◽  
Video Game Playing ◽  
Violent Video Game ◽  
The Social

This article explores commonly discussed theories of violent video game effects: the social learning, mood management, and catharsis hypotheses. An experimental study was carried out to examine violent video game effects. In this study, 103 young adults were given a frustration task and then randomized to play no game, a nonviolent game, a violent game with good versus evil theme (i.e., playing as a good character taking on evil), or a violent game in which they played as a “bad guy.” Results indicated that randomized video game play had no effect on aggressive behavior; real-life violent video game-playing history, however, was predictive of decreased hostile feelings and decreased depression following the frustration task. Results do not support a link between violent video games and aggressive behavior, but do suggest that violent games reduce depression and hostile feelings in players through mood management.

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