Conceptual complexes in cognitive modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Fictive Motion ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract The present paper goes beyond previous treatments of cognitive models, especially conceptual metaphor and metonymy, by drawing on linguistic evidence. It introduces needed refinements into previous meaning construction accounts by investigating the activity of conceptual complexes, i.e., combinations of cognitive models whose existence can be detected from a careful examination of the meaning effects of some linguistic expressions. This improvement endows the linguist with a more powerful set of analytical tools capable of dealing with a broader range of phenomena than previous theories. The paper first explores metaphoric and metonymic complexes, and their meaning effects. Then, it addresses the metonymic exploitation of frame complexes and image-schematic complexes. The resulting analytical apparatus proves applicable to the study of fictive motion and image-schema transformations, which have so far been addressed in Cognitive Linguistics without making explicit any relation between them or with other phenomena. We give evidence that these two phenomena can be dealt with as specific cases of metonymic domain expansion and domain reduction respectively. This means that fictive motion and image-schema transformations can be fully integrated into an encompassing account of cognitive modeling based on the activity of single or combined cognitive operations on basic or complex cognitive models.

scholarly journals A COGNITIVE-CONCEPTUAL MAPPING OF THE HUMAN ELEMENT IN ORTEGA Y GASSET´S ESSAY LA DESHUMANIZACIÓN DEL ARTE (1925). TOWARDS A BIOPOETIC APPROACH1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (XIX) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Michał Góral ◽  
Juani Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Conceptual Mapping ◽  
Cognitive Dynamics ◽  
Human Element ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Conceptual Integration Theory

The aim of this paper is to map cognitive dynamics of meaning constructionin Spanish language as articulated in Ortega y Gasset’s philosophical essay Ladeshumanización del arte / The Dehumanization of Art [1925]. We will focus on howthe human element is conceptualized, i.e., created and understood by the author. Ourmethod is based on the application of cognitive models of conceptual analysis foundin Cognitive Linguistics known as Idealized Cognitive Models – ICMs [Lakoff & Johnson1980] like Image Schema, Metaphor, Metonymy, and their developments as conceptualblends in Conceptual Integration Theory – CIT [Fauconnier & Turner 2002].The high philosophical complexity of this text’s nuclear conceptual structure HUMANand DEHUMANIZATION makes it necessary to initially map them from theoreticallyestablished cognitive approaches to language organization. In this paper we developsuch analysis as groundwork for a subsequent study involving a more dynamicist viewof their emergent meanings in the framework of Biopoetics [Guerra 2013, 2016].

scholarly journals A conceptual blending analysis of a metaphorical advertisement: applications in elt

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Elisa Mattos de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Print Advertisement

Advances in Cognitive Linguistics have focused on the centrality of meaning and conceptual structure in human language (Evans & Green, 2006; Geeraerts, 2006), placing phenomena such as metaphor as central to human cognition (Lakoff, 2006; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). This paper analyzes the process of meaning construction of a metaphorical print advertisement in which cognitive operations of conceptual integration (cf. Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) can be mapped through the interplay between verbal and nonverbal language. Seeing that adverts can provide learners with real-life communicative opportunities for language development due to theirup-to-date language, cultural-bound content, and creative discourse techniques (Mishan, 2005; Picken, 2000; 1999), this paper additionally provides four pedagogical applications of the chosen advertisement in English Language Teaching, drawing on the principles of the theoreticalframework presented.

Simple and complex cognitive modelling in oblique translation strategies in a corpus of English

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sandra Peña-Cervel ◽  
Carla Ovejas-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
English Drama ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Peninsular Spanish

Abstract This article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the translation of English drama film titles into Peninsular Spanish, drawing on cognitive modelling and following preliminary findings in Peña-Cervel (2016). Our study is consistent with the epistemological and ontological grounding of Cognitive Linguistics (Samaniego-Fernández 2007) and contributes to satisfying one of the major challenges Rojo-López and Ibarretxe-Antuñano (2013a, 10) identify for present-day Translation Studies: To reveal the conceptual substratum that guides the translation process. Our approach does not rely on an exhaustive classification of clear-cut and well-defined translation techniques, but rather on a broad distinction between direct and oblique strategies. We demonstrate how the notion of cognitive operation, as proposed by Ruiz de Mendoza-Ibáñez and Galera-Masegosa (2014), can help elucidate the sometimes seemingly arbitrary relationship between original English titles and their counterparts in Spanish, especially in cases of traditionally so-called free translations. Stands-for relations, such as expansion and reduction, are shown to play a fundamental role in the translation process and the fruitful combination of cognitive operations into conceptual complexes is explored. Our study attempts to go beyond descriptive adequacy in order to achieve explanatory adequacy.

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELEMENTS OF THE DIESEL COOLING SYSTEM ON ITS THERMAL STABILIZATION BY MEANS OF COMPUTER MODELING

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Zayats Yuriy Aleksandrovich ◽  
◽  
Zayats Tatiana Mikhailovna ◽  
Savelyev Maksim Anatolevich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mechatronic Systems

Logistics support of products at all stages of the life cycle is gaining increasing influence. This is facilitated by the increasing complexity of structures, a large number of elements, the intro-duction of mechatronic systems. Under these conditions, the relevance of developing methods for analyzing the design of samples increases. The developed model for analyzing the diesel cooling system is based on the principles of cognitive modeling. The practical significance of cognitive models is shown, which consists in the possibility of predicting changes in the influence of system elements on the target function in various operating conditions.

scholarly journals Standing up to the canoe: Competing cognitive biases in the encoding of stative spatial relations in a language with a single spatial preposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-841
Author(s):  
Åshild Næss
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Fictive Motion ◽  
Search Domain

AbstractThis paper discusses how verbal directional markers are used to encode stative spatial relations in the Oceanic language Äiwoo. It argues that the apparent reversal of directional meaning in stative expressions, where ‘up’ is used in expressions meaning ‘underneath’, ‘down’ in expressions meaning ‘above’, and ‘out’ in expressions meaning ‘inside’, can be explained by a fictive motion analysis where the figure is construed as metaphorically moving towards the ground. It moreover argues that in expressions where motion leads to a resulting spatial configuration, where ‘up’ means ‘on top of’ rather than ‘underneath’, this reading is overridden by the so-called goal bias, whereby the resultant configuration is more cognitively salient than the motion producing it. It suggests that the linguistic construal of stative spatial relations may to some extent be correlated with the formal means of expression, where marking by adpositions favours a ‘search domain’ construal whereas encoding within the verb favours a ‘fictive path’ construal. It thus provides a new angle on the linguistic encoding of spatial relations, an area which has been subject to much research within cognitive linguistics, but which so far has paid little attention to the possibility of encoding stative spatial relations within the verb.

scholarly journals Hyperbolic markers in modeling hyperbole: a scenario-based account

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Carla Ovejas Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
The Real ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

This article discusses hyperbolic markers in modeling hyperbole from the perspective of a scenario-based account of language use within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics. In this view, hyperbole is seen as a mapping across two conceptual domains (Peña y Ruiz de Mendoza, 2017), a source domain, here relabeled as the magnified scenario, which contains a hypothetical unrealistic situation based on exaggeration, and a target domain or observable scenario which depicts the real situation addressed by the hyperbolic expression. Since the hypothetical scenario is a magnified version of the observable scenario, the mapping contains source-target matches in varying degrees of resemblance. Within this theoretical context, the article explores resources available to speakers for the construction of magnified scenarios leading to hyperbolic interpretation. Among such resources, we find hyperbole markers and the setting up of domains of reference. Finally, the article also discusses hyperbole blockers, which cancel out the activity of the other hyperbolic meaning construction mechanisms.

scholarly journals All models are wrong, some are useful, but are they reproducible? Commentary on Lee et al. (2019)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael David Wilson ◽  
Russell Boag ◽  
Luke Joseph Gough Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Minimum Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Bare Minimum ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Lee et al. (2019) make several practical recommendations for replicable and useful cognitive modeling. They also point out that the ultimate test of the usefulness of a cognitive model is its ability to solve practical problems. Solution-oriented modeling requires engaging practitioners who understand the relevant applied domain but may lack extensive modeling expertise. In this commentary, we argue that for cognitive modeling to reach practitioners there is a pressing need to move beyond providing the bare minimum information required for reproducibility, and instead aim for an improved standard of transparency and reproducibility in cognitive modeling research. We discuss several mechanisms by which reproducible research can foster engagement with applied practitioners. Notably, reproducible materials provide a starting point for practitioners to experiment with cognitive models and evaluate whether they are suitable for their domain of expertise. This is essential because solving complex problems requires exploring a range of modeling approaches, and there may not be time to implement each possible approach from the ground up. Several specific recommendations for best practice are provided, including the application of containerization technologies. We also note the broader benefits of adopting gold standard reproducible practices within the field.

The contribution of Herrero Ruiz’s Understanding Tropes to the interplay between Cognitive Linguistics and Pragmatics

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Pedro A. Fuertes Olivera
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Creation

This article attempts to give a critical review of Javier Herrero Ruiz’s Understanding Tropes. At a Crossroads between Pragmatics and Cognition. It evaluates the book in view of the available literature dealing with the trend towards empiricism adopted by Cognitive Linguistics. It also focuses on the main hypothesis put forward, i.e., tropes such as irony, paradox, oxymoron, overstatement, understatement, euphemism, and dysphemism can be considered idealised cognitive models, and discusses the main contributions and arguments of the book, especially his idea that these idealised cognitive models are all constructed around the creation of contrast. A few concerns are also raised, mainly regarding corpus methodology. While these may have a negative impact on the reader, they are not severe enough to discredit the rigour with which the book was conceived.

scholarly journals Timelines in Spectral Composition: A cognitive approach to musical creativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
José L. Besada ◽  
Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Graphic Representations ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Cognitive Study ◽  
Challenging Question

What takes place in the minds of composers when they struggle to incorporate a given temporal concept into a musical work? Spectral composers have produced detailed theoretical proposals about time in music, but how exactly those ideas influenced their musical practices remains an extremely challenging question. Graphical representations in their sketches provide invaluable clues. Through the analyses of Gérard Grisey’s and Kaija Saariaho’s manuscripts, we show how the theoretical frameworks for the basic cognitive operations of blending and anchoring, which underlie the construction of complex meanings, can shed light on the intricate musical uses of timelines by spectral composers. We combine the universal claims of this cognitive analysis with the diachronic perspective of a musicological study, teasing out the mental paths that these composers may have followed to create novel aesthetic proposals from their experience with graphic representations of sound, mainly spectrograms, and from techniques of electroacoustic studios. Thus we pave the way towards a common language for understanding time representation across electroacoustics and music in general, based on this mixed methodology. Through such shared tenets, the cognitive study of music can reciprocally contribute to burgeoning fields such as time representation, meaning construction and creativity.

Arriving from Delphi at O'Hare: Predictive Cognitive Engineering in the O'Hare Modernization Project and Beyond

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Steven Estes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Modeling Effort ◽  
International Airport

This paper describes a cognitive modeling effort for the O'Hare Modernization Project (OMP). Beginning with a statement of the problem, it describes how cognitive modeling was used to measure the mental workload and work time of controllers running various positions at O'Hare International Airport, both under the current airport configurations and a future set of configurations (proposed in the OMP). The O'Hare case is used as an exemplar of the type of data that can be acquired with relatively simple cognitive models

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