Automatic Inhibition Zone Diameter Measurement for Disc Diffusion Test Using Image Segmentation

Abstract Background: Since the pandemic of ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) and the emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales there is a renewed interest in temocillin. However, as the molecule was little used, except in Belgium and UK, there are few guidelines for its antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). We aim to assess the accuracy of the disc diffusion method (DDM) for temocillin susceptibility testing. Methods: Eight hundred eighty-eight Enterobacterales clinical strains of which 61.7% were resistant to 3 rd generation cephalosporin (3GC-R) were included. AST was performed using DDM in comparison to gradient strip tests (GST) and interpreted using the diameter breakpoint of 20mm and MIC breakpoint of 8 mg/L for DDM and GST as recommended by EUCAST-CASFM recommandations. Results: At breakpoint of 8mg/L, temocillin rates of susceptibility were 76.9%, 95.6% and 67.7% for overall, 3GC-S and 3GC-R strains respectively. Ninety-four (10.6%) discrepancies were noticed including 68 (72.3%) major errors and 26 (27.6%) very major errors. Sixty-eight (72.3%) of all errors correspond to inhibition diameters comprised between 17 and 23 mm. The presence of colonies within the inhibition diameter was noticed for 32 (5.3%) strains susceptible to temocillin. Conclusions: DDM lacks accuracy for strains displaying borderline inhibition zone diameter. We suggest applying the concept of area of technical uncertainty (ATU) for standard DDM. The strains displaying a diameter within the ATU should be tested by another method. The significance of colonies within the inhibition zone diameter should be explored.

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Antifungal and growths regulation activity of new metal-organic compounds

Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv ◽

10.7124/visnyk.utgis.16.2.1051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 143-149

Author(s):

O. V. Bashta ◽

L. P. Pasichnyk ◽

N. M. Voloshchuk ◽

G. G. Repich ◽

O. O. Zholob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Copper Complex ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chelate Complexes ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Metal Organic

The aim of present paper is to study the antifungal activity of the new platinum, palladium and copper chelate complexes with different organic ligands against Fusarium strains and to determine the influence of these compounds on the germination energy and seed germination of investigated grain crops. Methods. In vitro antifungal activities of new chelate complexes were studied by the agar disk diffusion method. New complexes were tested against pathogenic Fusarium strains such as — F. culmorum 3260/4, F. verticillioides and F. sporotrichioides. The toxic effect of new complexes was evaluated according to changes in germination power and seed germination of grain crops — winter wheat, vernal barley and maize. The determination of these characteristics was carried out in accordance with the standard demands. Results. Our results revealed that palladium complex H exhibited fungicidal activity against F. culmorum 3260/4 and fungistatic activity against F. verticillioides with growth inhibition zone diameter 25 mm ad 20 mm respectively. Copper complex 2 showed a moderate fungicidal effect against F. culmorum 3260/4 strain (inhibition zone diameter 12 mm). The treatment of grain crops seeds with the H and 2 complexes demonstrated the less toxicity than standard agent — commercial fungicide tebuconazol. These complexes had also less negative influence on the germination power for all test cultures than tebuconazol. Copper complex 2 showed a noticeable growth promoting effect on studied seeds compared to seeds under conditions without treatment. Conclusions. Thus, the studied complexes can be considered as promising antifungal agents with growth regulating properties. The directional modification of the complexes to obtain the more potent derivatives will be performed.Keywords: metal-organic compounds, antifungal, growths regulation activity.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) TERHADAP Salmonella typhi dan Escherichia coli

JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung ◽

10.37090/jfl.v10i1.496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nofita Nofita ◽

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Agar Diffusion ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) was a typical plant of Kalimantan. Empirically dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) used by the comunity to treat skin infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of dayak onion power against Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli bacteria. The highest concentration used was 100%, and the lowest concentration was 0,5%. As a control of cloramfenikol for Salmonella typhi and ciprofloxacin for Escherichia coli bacteria. This research method used agar diffusion. The results showed the ethanol extract of dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenols with the highest levels was by tannins at 7,45%. Dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) are inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of 1% with a inhibition zone diameter of 6,24 mm and 0,9% with a inhibition zone diameter of 6,20 mm at Escherichia coli bacteria.Keywords : Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Agar diffusion, MIC

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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LIME LEAVES (Citrus hystrix DC) ETHANOL EXTRACT ON Enterococcus faecalis BACTERIA

Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) ◽

10.46862/interdental.v17i2.2400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Ratih Widyasari ◽

◽

Willy Hadinata Halim ◽

Atia Nurul Sidiqa ◽

Dewa Made Wedagama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

The Difference

Introduction: Endodontic treatment failure can be caused by the bacterium E. faecalis, which has a prevalence of up to 90%. E. faecalis is difficult to eradicate because it forms a biofilm to defend itself against antibacterial agents. Lime leaves are one of the many herbal products available in Indonesia (Citrus hystrix DC). Lime leaf extracts include antibacterial components such as essential oils, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of lime leaf extract against E. faecalis bacterium. Material and Methods:The agar diffusion technique was used for four experimental groups, using lime leaf extract at 4% (group 1), 8% (group 2), and 16% (group 3) as the negative control. Each group was repeated six times on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium with a paper disc, and the diameter of the inhibitory zone was measured with a caliper. Results and Discussions: The results revealed that a 4 % concentration of lime leaf extract had an average inhibition zone diameter of 7.31 mm, an 8 % concentration had an average inhibition zone diameter of 8.59 mm, and a 16 % concentration had an average inhibition zone diameter of 11.41 mm. The difference in the inhibition zone was statistically significant (p= 0,000) evaluated using the one-way ANOVA. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lime leaf extract is antibacterial potential against E. faecalis bacteria in the endodontic treatment.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN AND HYDROLYZED COCONUT OIL AND THEIR COMBINATION AGAINST BACILLUS CEREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.11768 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jansen Silalahi ◽

Petrika Situmorang ◽

Popi Patilaya ◽

Yosy Ce Silalahi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Research Centre ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

E Coli ◽

Zone Diameter

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan, hydrolyzed coconut oil and their combination againstBacillus cereus and Escherichia coli.Methods: The materials used in this study were powder of chitosan (obtained from prawn shell produced by Laboratory of Research Centre FMIPAUniversity of Sumatera Utara) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) product of Siti Nurbaya-Indonesia. VCO was partially hydrolyzed by Lipozyme TL IM(active at sn-1,3 position) and the result called hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil (HVCO). The bacteria used in this study were B. cereus and E. coli. Theantibacterial activity of chitosan in 1% acetic acid and HVCO in dimethylsulfoxide was tested by Kirby–Bauer agar diffusion method using paper discwith diameter of 6 mm.Results: The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of chitosan against B. cereus and E. coli is at concentration of 0.05% withinhibition zone diameter of 6.86 mm and 7.56 mm, respectively. MIC of HVCO against B. cereus is at concentration of 0.25% with inhibition zonediameter of 6.40 mm, and against E. coli is at a concentration of 0.50% with inhibition zone diameter of 6.20 mm. The inhibition zone diameter ofchitosan 0.05% and HVCO 0.25% in combination against B. cereus is 8.33 mm which is higher than half the sum of chitosan 0.05% and HVCO 0.25%(6.63 mm). The inhibition zone diameter of chitosan 0.05% and 0.5% HVCO in combination against E. coli is 8.53 mm which is higher than half thesum of chitosan 0.05% and HVCO 0.5% (6.53 mm).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that chitosan is more antibacterial than HVCO, and the interaction between chitosan and HVCO incombination demonstrated to be synergistic against B. cereus and E. coli.Keywords: Antibacterial, Chitosan, Coconut oil, Combination, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli.®

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ISOLAT KAPANG ENDOFIT DARI KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Meer)

JURNAL BIOSENSE ◽

10.36526/biosense.v4i02.1569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

pp. 20-30

Author(s):

Siti Hamidatul Aliyah ◽

Musfirotun Musfirotun ◽

Nur Antriana

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Pineapple Peel ◽

Living Organisms

Pineapple contains an enzyme called bromelain which is can be used as antiseptic of mouth, antibacterial, antifungal, and disinfectant. Endophytic mold is a microbe that forms colonies in healthy tissues of living organisms, generally, endophytic microbes do not cause harmful symptoms in the tissue of their host. This study aims to isolate the endophytic shell origin of pineapple peel that has acted as an antibacterial. A total of 3 endophytic capsules, Ac-I, Ac-II and Ac-III were isolated from pineapple skin using PDA media. The three isolates were purified and microscopic examinations were performed. Antibacterial testing was performed by fermentation to produce supernatant, then tested using disc method (Kirby-Bauer method) with Staphylococcus aureus and Escerichia coli test bacteria. The 3 isolates obtained only 1 isolate Ac-III isolates that have activity as antibacterial, with the inhibition zone diameter in bacterium Staphylococcus aureus 7.65 mm while in the bacterium Escerichia coli 6,9 mm.

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Effects of Different Solvents to Extract Phytochemical Materials of Rhazya stricta Against Salmonella typhimurium Activity

Gene Cell and Tissue ◽

10.5812/gct.117543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Bahman Fazeli Nasab ◽

Hasan Ahmadi ◽

Mehrangiz Ghafari

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Average Growth ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Rhazya Stricta ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Background: The use of plant extracts prepared from medicinal plants is common in the developing countries. Meanwhile, due to the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, researchers are looking to discover new antimicrobials. Medicinal plants play an essential role in this regard. Objectives: This study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial properties of various extracts of Rhazya stricta plant against Salmonella typhimurium. Methods: Methanolic, aqueous, ethanolic, hydroalcoholic, and ethyl acetate extracts of R. stricta were prepared. S. typhimurium strains were isolated from poultry feces. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this plant. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone using was determined using Whatman paper. Results: The lowest MIC against S. typhimurium was obtained from the hydroalcoholic solvent with 3.1 ppm. The most effective extraction solvent to inhibit the growth of S. typhimurium was the hydroalcoholic type with an average growth inhibition zone diameter of 12.25 mm, followed by the ethanolic extract with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 12.12 mm. Conclusions: According to the results of research and increasing resistance to synthetic antibacterial substances, it seems that R. stricta plant with the help of hydroalcoholic solvent, can be considered an effective plant in eliminating some bacteria, including S. typhimurium.

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Optimization of medium composition for the production of compounds effective against Xanthomonas campestris by bacillus subtilis

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1445247r ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 247-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zorana Roncevic ◽

Jovana Grahovac ◽

Damjan Vucurovic ◽

Sinisa Dodic ◽

Bojana Bajic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter

The biocontrol agents are a very promising alternative to synthetic pesticides that are presently used to control plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms. Members of the Bacillus genera are soil bacteria that produce significant quantities of agriculturally important bioactive compounds. Production of these compounds can be improved by changing the nutritional and environmental conditions. The aim of this study was the optimization of medium composition, using response surface methodology, for the production of compounds effective against Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951 by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. To study the production of antimicrobial compounds by selected Bacillus strain, the producing microorganisms were cultivated on nutrient broth. The inhibition zone diameter of 18.0 mm obtained by the diffusion-disc method indicated that the used Bacillus subtilis strain produces compounds with antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951. To optimize the composition of the cultivation medium in terms of glycerol, sodium nitrite and phosphates content, experiments were carried out in accordance with Box-Behnken design, and optimization of multiple responses was performed using the concept of desirability function. The developed model predicted that the maximum inhibition zone diameter (26.23 mm) against tested phytopathogen is achieved when the initial content of glycerol, sodium nitrite and phosphate were 50.00 g/L, 2.85 g/L and 11.00 g/L, respectively. To minimize the consumption of medium components and costs of effluents processing, additional optimization set was made. The techno-economic analysis of the obtained results has to be done to select optimal medium composition for industrial production of antimicrobial compounds.

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POTENCY AND ACTIVITY OF SECONDARY METABOLITE OF Trichoderma harzianum AC1(b) J2 INHIBITOR GROWTH Colletotrichum capsici IPBCC 13.1098

BIOVALENTIA Biological Research Journal ◽

10.24233/biov.5.1.2019.130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nurkayah Nurkayah ◽

Elisa Nurnawati ◽

Hary Widjajanti

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Colletotrichum Capsici ◽

Layer Chromatography

Trichoderma harzianum is a fungus that can produce secondary metabolites which able to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum capsici. a pathogenic fungus causing anthracnose in plants. the Aims of this research were to obtain and analyze the ability of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum AC1 (b) J2 isolated from Scleria poaeformis. to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum capsici IPBCC13.1098. The secondary metabolite eluat of Trichoderma harzianum were tested for the antifungal activity toward Colletotrichum capsici IPBCC 13.1098. Fractionation was carried out by Column Chromatography and produced 31 eluat. The secondary metabolite eluat of Trichoderma harzianum with the highest inhibition zone diameter was eluat 1 with 8.4 mm in diameter. The secondary metabolite eluat with the highest value of inhibition zone was carried out by MIC test and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Based on the MIC results, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the secondary metabolite of Trichoderma harzianum to fungus Colletotrichum capsici was 250 ppm with inhibition zone diameter was 0.10 mm. The results of TLC showed orange spots on the TLC plate that indicated alkaloite compounds.

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