Threshold space for prevention and control of COVID-19 exposed environment

Abstract Dwelling as an alternative to cure and isolate confirmed positive or asymptomatic people of COVID-19 becomes an essential place. However, it is necessary to ensure no physical contact between dwelling users since COVID-19 can be transmitted through droplets. Preventing and controlling the transmission is achieved by inserting transitional space between users, activities, or programs. The idea of transitional space is determined from Rumoh Aceh, an adaptive vernacular design that provides a boundary between public and private zones to limit access to strangers. This paper aims to translate space configurations of Rumoh Aceh as local wisdom to break the chain of COVID-19 transmission by making transitional space, a separation between confirmed positive or asymptomatic and healthy people. The data is obtained from the observation of three Rumoh Aceh in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. The space configurations are translated into five types of threshold space, promoting social distancing between users, providing cleaning space for personal hygiene, giving atmosphere for self-isolation, having natural ventilation features, and daylight exposure. Then, these types are explored and adapted in a contemporary dwelling design. As a final translation and exploration, this paper provides strategies and design recommendations for a threshold space in a contemporary dwelling design. The strategies and recommendations are explored and adapted in a 60 square meter house plan.

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A Cross-Sectional Survey of Personal Hygiene Positive Behavior Related to COVID-19 Prevention and Control among Indonesian Communities

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14010169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Fatma Lestari ◽

Abdul Kadir ◽

Muhammad Idham ◽

Fahrul Azwar ◽

Ganis Ramadhany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Positive Behavior ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Council ◽

And Control

People’s behaviors can affect the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Public behaviors, including proper personal hygiene and healthy life practices, the use of appropriate masks, and the application of good disinfectants, have an important role in human health and protection towards prevention and control of COVID-19 spread. This study aims to perform a survey of public behavior and best practices related to COVID-19 prevention and control among Indonesian communities. A cross-sectional study was designed to collect information using an online survey. Respondents were gathered from 34 provinces in Indonesia through the Indonesia National Safety and Health Council network and Universities network. Respondents voluntarily submitted their response to a predesigned online questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS 24.0. A total of 771 respondent subjects (male 386; female 385) were recruited. The results show that 96% of participants implement positive behavior of personal hygiene, including wearing a mask when going outside their house, and almost 67.3% of respondents sprayed a disinfectant in their house. The majority of participants hold a door handle (37.2%) and desk (28.1%) at a frequency of more than six times a day. There were 8.2% of participants implementing good personal hygiene, including hand-washing at least once a day and maximum of more than six times after going to the toilet. At-risk behaviors were conducted by respondents in which they touched part of their face at a frequency of once during an hour. It was identified that males are less likely to perform better hand hygiene as opposed to females. In conclusion, the study showed that positive behavior of personal hygiene related to COVID-19 has been implemented among Indonesian communities. This result suggests that positive behavior based on community-based prevention and control needs to be continually maintained in order to prevent and control COVID-19 spread.

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Point-of-care training program on COVID-19 infection prevention and control for pediatric healthcare workers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-24793/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yingzi Ye ◽

Peng Shi ◽

Yonghao Gui ◽

Albert M. Li ◽

Guoying Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Infection Control ◽

Training Program ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Online Training ◽

Control Measures ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of training on knowledge and practices of infection prevention and control (IPC) among pediatric health care workers (HCW) in Shanghai, China, in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online training program was designed by the Shanghai Pediatric Clinical Quality Control Center (SPQCC) during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic on disease knowledge and practice of IPC. Training took place in the 81 partner hospitals affiliated with SPQCC. A 25-item self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge gained from the training. Stratified-random sampling was used to select HCW according to three professionals (i.e., pediatricians, nurses and administrators) within each partner hospital. Awareness and knowledge of COVID-19 and its related infection control and practice was assessed by comparing survey results between different types of hospitals, professionals and professional ranks. A higher survey score meant that the respondent was more prepared and knowledgeable about COVID-19 and its infection control measures. Results: Completed questionnaires were returned from 1,062 subjects (385 pediatricians, 410 nurses, and 267 administrators), giving a response rate of 96.5%. Overall, awareness of clinical information related to COVID-19, importance of personal hygiene and isolation policy was high among the respondents. No statistical difference of scores on knowledge of COVID-19, IPC and relevant practice between the tertiary and peripheral hospitals. Among all respondents, middle-ranked health care personnel were most knowledgeable and achieved the highest score. Conclusions: Majority of pediatric HCW showed good recognition and practice in infection protection and control measures. The online training was able to achieve its aim to enhance knowledge and awareness and could have contributed to the zero infection rate among HCW caring for confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shanghai.

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EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES RELATING TO EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE (EVD) PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology ◽

10.51406/jnset.v15i2.1706 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 131-150

Author(s):

O J AWOYOMI ◽

A B ADEGOKE ◽

O O KEHINDE ◽

J A NWANTA

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Ebola Virus ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Ebola Virus Disease ◽

Suspected Case ◽

Ogun State ◽

And Control

A cross sectional study was carried out from 1st June to 30th June, 2015, to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices related to the prevention and control of Ebola Virus Disease in Ogun State, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 300 respondents selected by multistage sampling technique across four local governments in the state. The data collected included socio-demographics, awareness, knowledge, practices and misconceptions about EVD among the respondents. Knowledge of respondents about EVD was assessed on 20 items with a 3-points rating scale of good >14, fair 10-14 and poor <10. Of the 308 respondents that took part in the study, 111 (36%) were males and 127 (41.2%) rural dwellers and 43 (14%) of the respondents were between the ages of 9-18, 139 (45.1%) were between the ages of 19-25, 83 (26.9%) were between the ages of 26-35 and the remaining 43 (14%) were above 35 years of age. Five (1.6%) of the respondents had no formal education, 9 (2.9%) had primary education, 133 (43.2%) had secondary education and 161 (52.3%) had tertiary education. All the respondents (100%) have heard of Ebola. Only 2.6% had poor knowledge of Ebola with 12% being able to identify four misconceptions surrounding Ebola transmission and prevention. Respondents in the study reported various changes in practices such as avoidance of physical contact (33.4%), regular hand washing with soap and water (69.2%) and hand cleaning with other disinfectants (61.7%), nevertheless 73.1% of the respondents will not report infected member of the family. Television was the major source of receiving information with the internet being the trusted source of receiving information on Ebola by the respondents. In Ogun State, awareness and comprehensive knowledge on Ebola Virus Disease transmission is high with good knowledge on misconceptions. There is need to emphasize importance of reporting suspected case(s) to the hospital

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A cross sectional survey of personal hygiene positive behaviour related to COVID-19 prevention and control among Indonesian communities

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132920/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fatma Lestari ◽

Abdul Kadir ◽

Muhammad Idham ◽

Fahrul Azwar ◽

Ganis Ramadhany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

Risk Behaviour ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Council ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: The trend of COVID-19 confirmed cases has continually risen in Indonesia, this pandemic situation has affected several life sectors, including health sectors, education, economic, services, and employment sectors. Public health and social measures as recommended by Word Health Organization are required to be implemented in order to prevent the coronavirus disease spread. People’s behaviours can also affect the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Public behaviours including proper personal hygiene and healthy life practices, the use of appropriate masks, and the application of good disinfectants have an important role in human’s health and protection towards prevention and control of COVID-19 spreads. This study aims to perform a survey of public behaviour and best practices related to COVID-19 prevention and control among Indonesian communities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to collect information related to public behaviour related to COVID-19 prevention and control using an online survey. Respondents were gathered from 34 provinces in Indonesia through the Indonesia National Safety and Health Council network and Universities network. Respondents voluntarily submitted their response to a pre-designed online questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Results: A total of respondents 771 subjects (male 386; female 385) were submitted their response. The results show that 96% of participants implementing positive behaviour of personal hygiene including wearing a mask when going outside their house and almost 67.3% of respondents sprayed a disinfectant in their house. The majority of participants hold a door handle (37.2%) and desk (28.1%) at frequency of more than six times a day. There were 8.2% of participants implementing good personal hygiene including hand washing at least once a day and maximum of more than six times after going to the toilet. At risk behaviour were conducted by respondents at which they touched part of their face at frequency once during an hour. It has been identified that male are less likely to perform better hand hygiene as opposed to female. In conclusion, study showed that positive behaviour of personal hygiene related to COVID-19 has been implemented among Indonesian communities. This result suggested that positive behaviour based on community based prevention and control need to be continually maintain in order to prevent and control COVID-19 spreads.

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Traditions & Customs of Ancient Indian Culture and Their Role in COVID 19 Pandemic Prevention and Control

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 317-323

Author(s):

Abhishek Tiwari ◽

Manish Kumar Manar ◽

Shivendra Kumar Singh ◽

Udit Mohan ◽

Kanchan Panday ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Global Economy ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Indian Culture ◽

The World ◽

Scientific Principles ◽

And Control

The truth of COVID 19 Pandemic is that it has already changed the demography of many countries, still changing the Climate & Environment and will continue to change the Global Economy for quite some time. The simple good personal hygiene and physical distancing measures were identified as one of the most effective protections against COVID 19. The Indian way of living has many scientific principles inherited in it to combat infectious diseases. We follow the Sanatan Sanskriti concepts traditionally, sometimes not even realizing the rationale behind it. This article tries to explore the correlation between the preventive measures and our traditional Sanatan practices. The pandemic has shaken the globe and time has come to rethink and move back to basics of our ancient traditions for a sustainable future. There is a need to promote our cultural practices and avoid running behind the ultra-modern ways of living so that the world learns to combat and live with the COVID 19.

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Implementation of Assimilation of Criminals in The Time of The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study in The Legal Area of Class IIA Prisons in Banda Aceh

Syiah Kuala Law Journal ◽

10.24815/sklj.v5i3.23278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 305-316

Author(s):

Nurhafifah Nurhafifah ◽

Teuku Irvan Riyadi

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Supervision System ◽

And Control ◽

Public Concerns ◽

Banda Aceh

The Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number M.HH-19.PK.01.04.04 of 2020 concerning the Release and Release of Prisoners and Children Through Assimilation and Integration in the Context of Prevention and Control of the Spread of Covid-19 stated that the provision of assimilation was given to reduce the prevention of Covid-19 However, in the implementation of the assimilation of prisoners at the Class IIA prison in Banda Aceh, it is still not running optimally due to increasing public concerns and unrest amid economic difficulties as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. In an effort to provide assimilation of inmates with the Assessment and Supervision system of officers to assimilation prisoners at the Class IIA Banda Aceh Prison, the prisoners must behave well, as evidenced by not undergoing disciplinary punishment within the last 6 months.

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Utility of Clinical-Epidemiological Profiles in Outbreaks of Foodborne Disease, Catalonia, 2002 through 2006

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-73.1.125 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 125-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. DOMÍNGUEZ ◽

S. BRONER ◽

N. TORNER ◽

A. MARTÍNEZ ◽

J. M. JANSÀ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Foodborne Disease ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Outbreak Investigations ◽

And Control

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of clinical-epidemiological profiles for classifying non–laboratory-confirmed outbreaks of foodborne disease (FBD) in Catalonia between 2002 and 2006 and for elucidating associations among factors contributing to these outbreaks. A total of 275 nonfamily outbreaks were studied, of which 190 (69.1%) were laboratory confirmed and 85 (30.9%) were not. In 176 (92.6%) of laboratory-confirmed outbreaks and 69 (81.2%) of non–laboratory-confirmed outbreaks, information was obtained on contributing factors (P = 0.009). In 72% of non–laboratory-confirmed outbreaks, the etiology was assigned by using clinical-epidemiological profiles; thus, 93% of outbreaks eventually were associated with an etiology. In laboratory-confirmed outbreaks, poor personal hygiene was positively associated with norovirus (odds ratio [OR], 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47 to 4.89; P = 0.0007) and negatively associated with Salmonella and Campylobacter (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.89; P = 0.01), and an unsafe source was positively associated with Salmonella and Campylobacter (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.72 to 10.09; P = 0.001) and negatively associated with norovirus (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.58; P = 0.001). No differences were found among contributing factors associated with outbreaks with a laboratory-confirmed etiology and those associated with outbreaks with an etiology assigned according to the clinical-epidemiological profiles. Clinical-epidemiological profiles are useful for determining what prevention and control strategies are appropriate to the agents involved in each community and for designing outbreak investigations.

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Comparative assessment of infection prevention and control practice among maternity unit health workers in public and private secondary health facilities in Kaduna state, Nigeria

Annals of Medical Research and Practice ◽

10.25259/anmrp_18_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Joseph Sunday ◽

Muawiyya Babale Sufiyan ◽

Clara Ladi Ejembi ◽

Butawa Nuhu Natie ◽

Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Health Workers ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Face Mask ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Objectives: Infection prevention and control (IPC) practice in health facility (HF) is abysmally low in developing countries, resulting in significant preventable morbidity and mortality. This study assessed and compared health workers’ (HWs) practice of IPC strategies in public and private secondary HFs in Kaduna State. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was employed. Using multistage sampling, 227 participants each were selected comprising of doctors, midwives, and nurses from public and private HF. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire and observation checklist and analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Statistical significance determined at P < 0.05. Results: The practice of infection prevention was poor. Overall, 42.3% of the HWs did not change their gowns in-between patients, with the significantly higher rates in 73.1% of private compared to 42.3% of public HF workers (P < 0.001). In addition, 30.5% and 10.1% of HWs do not use face mask and eye goggle, respectively, when conducting procedures likely to generate splash of body fluids, however, there was no significant difference in these poor practices in public compared to private HFs. The mean IPC practice was 51.6 ± 12.5%, this was significantly lower among public (48.8 ± 12.5%) compared to private (54.5 ± 11.9%) HF workers (P < 0.0001). Private HF workers were 3 times more likely to implement IPC interventions compared to public HF workers. Conclusion: IPC practice especially among public HF workers was poor.

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Kriptosporidiosis di Indonesia

BALABA JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA ◽

10.22435/blb.v13i1.239 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 73-82

Author(s):

Tri Wijayanti

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Cryptosporidium Species ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Intestinal Infection ◽

Food Treatment ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

The Third ◽

Important Health ◽

And Control ◽

Hiv Aids

Cryptosporidiosis included to waterborne and soil transmited diseases, caused by Cryptosporidium, obligat intraceluller pathogen organism. Cryptosporidium cause intestinal infection of human and animal acute diarrhea. Lung cryptosporidiosis on HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis patients was reported. Diarrhea still be important health problem because diarrhea was be the third dominant contributor of children morbidity and mortality at some country include Indonesia. Every children have 1,6-2x diarrhea onset annually. Diarrhea cases caused by Cryptosporidium sp parasite was around 4-11%. Focus of this review is about cryptosporidiosis on children, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis patients, animal, environment, diagnostic and it’s prevention and control. Cryptosporidium species confirmed in Indonesia are C. wrairi, C. muris, C. felis, C. hominis, C. meleagridis and C. parvum, indicated that there was a big rule of animal on Cryptosporidium transmission. Cryptosporidium was necessary to be one of diseases diagnose on HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis patients. Transmission of Cryptosporidium by respiratory secretion (droplet, aerosol or contact with vomiting) must be anticipated to prevent cryptosporidiosis especially on imunocompromissed/imunodeficiency people. Rapid Diagnostic Test that have highly sensitivity and spesificity is very important on Cryptosporidium cases finding and surveillance in Indonesia. Environment and cattle sanitation, personal hygiene, water and food treatment, is necessary to prevent cryptosporidiosis transmission.

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‘There we are failing’ … Infection prevention practices associated factors among nurses working in public and private newborn units in Kenyan hospitals

10.21203/rs.2.20635/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mary M. Nyikuri

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Public And Private ◽

Middle Income ◽

Isolation Room ◽

Security Officer ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Small and sick newborns continue to die in low- and middle-income countries as a result of among other causes, infection. Despite the existence of guidelines for infection prevention, little is known on practices and associated factors among nurses working in newborn units in many developing nations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess nurses’ practices and their perspectives on what influences their ability to adhere to infection prevention and control (IPC) norms in newborn units.Methods This qualitative study used an ethnographic research design to collect data. 150 hours of observations and through purposeful sampling, nurses working in the newborn units in three hospitals in Nairobi were interviewed using an interview guide. The face to face interviews lasted between 45-60 mins and were digitally audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and translated into English where necessary. Data were imported into Nvivo 10 software for management. All data were anonymised and subjected to thematic analysis.Results A total of 10 nurses from public, 11 from private and 8 from faith-based hospitals participated in the study. Structural organization factors such as proper ward layout, adequate staffing, controlled access of visitors on the ward, involvement of a security officer and presence of an isolation room were factors that facilitated nurses’ observance of infection control on the newborn units. On the other hand, overcrowding, absence of isolation room, improper ward layout, absence of hand hygiene resources, and uncontrolled presence of visitors and lack of enforcement of IPC protocol acted as barriers to non-adherence to IPC.Conclusions Knowledge of Infection prevention and control procedures among nurses may be necessary but are unlikely to be sufficient to deliver improved care. A deliberate investment in organization factors to improve the work environment can facilitate nurses’ ability to provide quality newborn care.

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