An initial study of woody-debris decomposition to reduce risk of repeated-fire incidence in tropical peatland ecosystem

Abstract As peatland ecosystems were formed from layered partially decomposed plant biomass, they were considered more vulnerable to fire, especially during extreme drought season. Woody debris accumulation in the field may increase the risk of peatland fire. In order to minimize the chance of repeated fire, an initial study on woody debris decomposition by employing a consortium of wood-decay microbes (consists of Scedosporium apiospermum, Pycnoporus sp., Pycnoporus sanguineus, and unidentified cellulolytic bacterial isolate) was conducted. Series of experiments of in vitro-, semi-controlled-, and field- conditions were carried out. After 12-weeks of incubation, the in vitro trial showed that all treatments on mineral-soil basal media were colonized by fungal mycelia, including the control. Meanwhile, the treatments on peat soil seem less supportive for fungal growth since only six out of ten treatments have been colonized by fungal mycelia. In semi-controlled conditions, effects of microbial inoculation showed questionable results as the trials were randomly occupied by Schizophylum commune, which was not included in the microbial inoculants. Un-clear effects of the microbial inoculants were also observed on the field trial as no significant difference of dry-weight loss between the inoculated woody logs and the un-inoculated control. Further comprehensive studies to reduce woody debris in peatland areas are required.

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The microbial diversity and structure in peat land forest in Indonesia

Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management ◽

10.3329/jbcbm.v5i1.42193 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 133-144

Author(s):

MJH Talukder ◽

Hui Sun

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

The Other ◽

Swamp Forest ◽

Peat Swamp Forest ◽

Soil P ◽

Peat Swamp ◽

Significant Difference

Soil of tropical forest ecosystem plays very crucial part in controlling the universal carbon cycle. The isolation of microorganisms and their identification are important for understanding their vital role on transformation of organic matter of this ecosystem. Soil storage maximum microbial genetic diversity because of it’s a multilayered environment. No complete methods were discovered yet to cultivate majority of soil microorganisms. A little is known about microbial structure and their essentiality in tropical peat lands compared to most other terrestrial and oceanic habitats. In providing insight to the impacts of land-use of peat land on microbes in Central Kalimantan, Borneo Indonesia, we examined the community structure and diversity of bacteria and fungi in different peat forest soil including: i) natural peat swamp forest (well mixed swamp forest type); ii) disturbed peat soil and iii) mineral soils by using 454 pyrosequencing technology. The results showed that no significant difference was found for diversity and evenness among the sites of fungal community. However, natural peat swamp forest had the highest species richness (Chao1), which was significantly higher than the other two sites (P<0.05 and P<0.05). According to the OTUs analysis four fungi phyla were obtained of which 45 species were classified. The Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum, followed by Basidiomycota, Zygomycota and Glomeromycota. The natural peat swamp forest and disturbed peat soil harbored the maximum number Ascomycota. On the other hand, mineral soil and natural peat soil contained the highest number of Basidiomycota. The top species in natural peat swamp forest included Sugiyamaella paludigena, Polyancora globosa and Ganoderma gibbosum. The mineral soil enriched the abundance of Penicillium herquei, Sugiyamaella paludigena and the disturbed peat soil contained the highest frequency of Polyancora globosa, Gymnopilus lepidotus. According to the PCoA analysis, the community structure of fungus in natural peat soil differed significantly from mineral soil (P=0.04) and disturbed peat soil (P=0.039). No significant difference was found for bacterial species richness (Chao1) among the sites. The diversity of bacteria in disturbed peat soil significantly differed from the other sites (P<0.05 and P<0.05). eleven bacterial phyla and 53 genera were examined. All of the three sites contained the similar abundance of Proteobacteria. The natural peat swamp forest and disturbed peat soil harbored the most abundant Acidobactria. Genera Mycobacterium, Gp1, Gp13, Gp2, Burkholderia, Actinospica, Aciditerrimonas were found in all the sites. Genera Granulibacter, Gp4, Acidisoma, Clostridium_sensu, Clostridium_ XI were only observed in natural peat swamp forest. Genera Rudaea, Rhodopila, Streptomycetes were found only mineral soil. The PCoA analysis showed that the structure of bacteria in natural peat swamp forest significantly differed from the disturbed peat soil (P=0.045). Overall, the bacterial species richness and diversity are more among the sites than of the fungi. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(1): 133-144

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Effect of different type of soil as growing media on physiological quality of harvested okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(s5).005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (S5) ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

A.A.K. Fatin ◽

N.H. Amira ◽

M.H. Muaz

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Physical Features ◽

Properties Of Soil

Soil properties are very important to be well understood before planting any crop. Different types of soil will possess different properties. The properties of soil will influence the yield and quality of crops. For instance, poor soil properties will produce low quality of okra, thus reducing consumer demand. It is necessary to find conditions that are suitable for soil in order to get the best okra quality to fulfil the demand of consumers. The purpose of this research is to determine the physiological quality of harvested okra on different types of soil which are peat soil (T1), mineral soil (T2) and alluvium soil (T3). Each treatment was replicated five times and was applied with the same amount of fertilizer (NPK 12: 12: 17: 2); 10 g. Parameters in term of quality of physical appearances were taken once after the fruits were harvested. The parameters taken include the length of fruit (cm), the diameter of fruit (mm), the colour of fruits and fruit tenderness. Parameters for growth performance were also taken for each treatment. The result obtained shows a high significant difference in term of physical features of okra such as length of fruit (cm), the diameter of fruit (mm) and fruit tenderness for each treatment. Harvested alluvium soil -based okra was found to be the most promising for fruit yield, physical quality and quantitative characteristics. This is because the result of parameters of alluvium soil (T3) is higher than peat soil and mineral soil in term of length of fruits; 17.18 cm, diameter of fruit; 19.42, yield produced; 9.8 and tenderness; 9.2. The T3 soil also has rich in micronutrients especially potassium. In conclusion, properties of soil whether chemically or physically will influence the yield and quality of crops either directly or indirectly.

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Comparison of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spores Abundance Under Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & Grimes) Planted on Deep Peat and Mineral Soils

Journal of Tropical Peatlands ◽

10.52850/jtpupr.v10i2.2062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Tri Wira Yuwati ◽

Wanda Septiana Putri ◽

Badruzsaufari

Keyword(s):

Peat Soil ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Common Species ◽

T Test ◽

Spore Density ◽

Industrial Material ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mineral Soils

Mycorrhizae are known as soil fungi because of their habitat in the rooting area (rhizosphere). Nearly 97% of terrestrial plant species interact or symbiotic with mycorrhizae. Symbiosis is formed in the form of an exchange between nutrients and carbohydrates and helps plants absorb P. elements. In Kalimantan, sengon often used as industrial material because it is fast-growing species and widely cultivated by the community. Sengon is a common species planted in mineral soils; however, due to the rising demand of sengon timber, it has been planted on peatlands. This study aims to compare the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores and identify the morphology of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores associated with Sengon planted on peatlands and mineral soils. This study used a wet sieving method and root staining from the modification of Vierherling et al. 1996 and calculation of root mycorrhizal colonization with gridline techniques. The research used the normality test of data distribution and the T test (Independent sample T test) to determine trends and comparison of differences in the abundance of FMA spores. The study results showed a significant difference in the abundance of AMF in the form of colonization by calculating the percentage of AMF colonization in the sengon root in mineral soils and peatlands of 23.56% 41.67%, respectively. The spore density on mineral soils and peatlands were 18.05 / 50gr and 1.09 / 50gr, respectively. Identification results showed that there were four genera found in peat soil locations, namely the genus Glomus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, and Acaulospora, while in the mineral soil were found three generas namely genus Glomus, Scutellospora, and Acaulospora. Out of the four generas, the most abundant in both soil types was Glomus.

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Microbial Inoculants Differentially Influence Plant Growth and Biomass Allocation in Wheat Attacked by Gall-Inducing Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvaa102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1214-1225

Author(s):

Deirdre A Prischmann-Voldseth ◽

Tülin Özsisli ◽

Laura Aldrich-Wolfe ◽

Kirk Anderson ◽

Marion O Harris

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Biomass Allocation ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Initial Study ◽

Hessian Fly ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Insect Infestation ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Microbial Inoculants

Abstract Beneficial root microbes may mitigate negative effects of crop pests by enhancing plant tolerance or resistance. We used a greenhouse experiment to investigate impacts of commercially available microbial root inoculants on growth and biomass allocation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. [Cyperales: Poaceae]) and on survival and growth of the gall-inducing wheat pest Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). A factorial design was used, with two near-isogenic wheat lines (one susceptible to Hessian fly, the other resistant), two levels of insect infestation (present, absent), and four inoculants containing: 1) Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand et al. (Rhodospirillales: Azospirillaceae), a plant growth-promoting bacterium, 2) Rhizophagus intraradices (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) (Glomerales: Glomeraceae), an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, 3) A. brasilense + R. intraradices, and 4) control, no inoculant. Larval feeding stunted susceptible wheat shoots and roots. Plants had heavier roots and allocated a greater proportion of biomass to roots when plants received the inoculant with R. intraradices, regardless of wheat genotype or insect infestation. Plants receiving the inoculant containing A. brasilense (alone or with R. intraradices) had comparable numbers of tillers between infested and noninsect-infested plants and, if plants were susceptible, a greater proportion of aboveground biomass was allocated to tillers. However, inoculants did not impact density or performance of Hessian fly immatures or metrics associated with adult fitness. Larvae survived and grew normally on susceptible plants and mortality was 100% on resistant plants irrespective of inoculants. This initial study suggests that by influencing plant biomass allocation, microbial inoculants may offset negative impacts of Hessian flies, with inoculant identity impacting whether tolerance is related to root or tiller growth.

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Effects of Alysacrpus Monilifer fodder intake on feed consumption and performance of desert goats

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research ◽

10.17352/ijvsr.000100 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 196-200

Author(s):

Ebahiem Mohammed Alhadi ◽

Ajabeldoor Izarig Mubaak Abdalla ◽

Salah Bukhari Salah Abulgabar ◽

Abdalla Mohamed Suleiman Eshag ◽

Hammad Dahia Salah Basar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Average Weight ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Natural Pasture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Performance

This study was conducted to study the effects of the intake of the Alysacrpus Monilifera on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and performance of Desert bucks. Twelve Desert goats bucks 4-5 years old with an average weight of 11 + 0.250 kg, were divided into three equal groups. The first group was fed A. Monilifera fodder, while the second group consumed the natural pasture free of A. Monilifera while the third group consumed the groundnut haulms. After observing the cases of deadly diarrhea in the first group, the feeding pattern was modified with 50% natural pasture and 50% A. Monilifer fodder. The fodder was analyzed as well as conducting in vitro digestibility. The experimental design was randomized and the data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and the detection of differences among means using least significant difference test. The results showed that feeding A. Monilifer alone resulted in fatal diarrhea in bucks without affecting appetite, and the dry matter digestibility and organic matter in vitro digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in A. Monilifer than compared to the groundnut haulms or the natural grazing. The weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher for the group on groundnut haulms and the natural grazing than those on A. Monilifer alone but when 50% of the plant biomass was replaced by the natural grazing the gain was significantly higher. The study concluded that the intake of A. Monilifer at the growth stage was good quality roughage when fed as part of the diet.

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Predictive Model for Live Birth at 12 Months After Starting In-Vitro Fertilization Treatment

MedPharmRes ◽

10.32895/ump.mpr.2.2.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 5-20

Author(s):

Vu Ho ◽

Toan Pham ◽

Tuong Ho ◽

Lan Vuong

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Live Birth ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Oocyte Retrieval ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Significant Difference

IVF carries a considerable physical, emotional and financial burden. Therefore, it would be useful to be able to predict the likelihood of success for each couple. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to develop a prediction model to estimate the probability of a live birth at 12 months after one completed IVF cycle (all fresh and frozen embryo transfers from the same oocyte retrieval). We analyzed data collected from 2600 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at a single center in Vietnam between April 2014 and December 2015. All patients received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist stimulation, followed by fresh and/or frozen embryo transfer (FET) on Day 3. Using Cox regression analysis, five predictive factors were identified: female age, total dose of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone used, type of trigger, fresh or FET during the first transfer, and number of subsequent FET after the first transfer. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the final model was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60‒0.65) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.57‒0.63) for the validation cohort. There was no significant difference between the predicted and observed probabilities of live birth (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p > 0.05). The model developed had similar discrimination to existing models and could be implemented in clinical practice.

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Comparative Study to Evaluate the Surface Detail Reproduction of Dental Stone after Immersion in Various Different Disinfectant Solutions, Under Stereomicroscope 10 X Magnification –An In-Vitro Study

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i3.8316 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rathika Rai ◽

M. A. Easwaran ◽

K. T. Dhivya

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Immersion Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surface Irregularities ◽

Disinfectant Solution ◽

Surface Detail ◽

Group B

Aim: To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental stone this is immersed in different disinfectant solution and studied under stereomicroscope. Methodology: Total number of 30 specimens of dental stone (Type III) were made with measurements of 1.5cm diameter and 1cm height .This samples are divided in to 3 groups group A,B,C. were A is immersed in Distilled water which was taken as control group ;B is immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde and C is immersed in 5%sodium hypochlorite. Each specimen were immersed in the disinfectant solution for 15 minutes and dried under room temperature for 24 hrs. After 24 hrs each specimens are studied under stereomicroscope for surface details. Result: The results showed no significant difference in the surface irregularities and porosities for a group 1 and group 2 except group 3 which showed significant increase in the porosities, surface irregularities and erosions after disinfection with 5% NaHOCl by immersion method. Conclusion: The surface detail reproduction capacity of die stone was adversely affected when 5% Sodium hypochlorite was used as disinfectant solution when compare d to control group and 2% Glutaraldehyde

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Quantitative Ratiometric pH Imaging Using a 1,2-Dioxetane Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Sensor

10.26434/chemrxiv.12235361 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lucas S. Ryan ◽

Jeni Gerberich ◽

Uroob Haris ◽

ralph mason ◽

Alexander Lippert

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Resonance Energy Transfer ◽

Resonance Energy ◽

Whole Body ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Ph Homeostasis ◽

Ph Imaging ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Significant Difference

Regulation of physiological pH is integral for proper whole-body and cellular function, and disruptions in pH homeostasis can be both a cause and effect of disease. In light of this, many methods have been developed to monitor pH in cells and animals. In this study, we report a chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) probe Ratio-pHCL-1, comprised of an acrylamide 1,2-dioxetane chemiluminescent scaffold with an appended pH-sensitive carbofluorescein fluorophore. The probe provides an accurate measurement of pH between 6.8-8.4, making it viable tool for measuring pH in biological systems. Further, its ratiometric output is independent of confounding variables. Quantification of pH can be accomplished both using common fluorimetry and advanced optical imaging methods. Using an IVIS Spectrum, pH can be quantified through tissue with Ratio-pHCL-1, which has been shown in vitro and precisely calibrated in sacrificed mouse models. Initial studies showed that intraperitoneal injections of Ratio-pHCL-1 into sacrificed mice produce a photon flux of more than 10^10 photons per second, and showed a significant difference in ratio of emission intensities between pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0.

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Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v9i2.2015.71-77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽

Fauzia Andrini ◽

Yulis Hamidy

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

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In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Callus Derived from Marubakaido Apple Rootstock under Different Aluminium Concentrations

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.460e ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 460e-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marisa F. de Oliveira ◽

Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽

João B. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Shoot Regeneration ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Apple Rootstock ◽

Under Five ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Previously Treated ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

The aim of this work was to evaluate the organogenesis of Marubakaido apple rootstock under different aluminium concentratons. The explants were calli derived from apple internodes treated with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or pichloram at 0.5 and 1.0 μM and under five different aluminium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L). These calli were then treated with aluminium at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. It was observed shoot regeneration only for those calli previously treated with pichloram. There were no significant difference among the aluminium concentrations.

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