scholarly journals Multi-step-ahead forecasting of hourly potential evapotranspiration for irrigation triggering in horticultural nurseries under oceanic climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 958 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
R Tawegoum
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Recursive Algorithm ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Sensor Failure ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions

Abstract Predicting hourly potential evapotranspiration is particularly important in constrained horticultural nurseries. This paper presents a three-step-ahead predictor of potential evapotranspiration for horticultural nurseries under unsettled weather conditions or climate sensor failure. The Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average model based on climate data was used to derive a predictor using data generated according to prior knowledge of the system behavior; the aim of the predictor was to compensate for missing data that are usually not considered in standard forecasting approaches. The generated data also offer the opportunity to capture variations of the model parameters due to abrupt changes in local climate conditions. A recursive algorithm was used to estimate parameter variation, and the Kalman filter to model the state of the system. The simulations for steady-state weather and unsettled weather conditions showed that the predictor could forecast potential evapotranspiration more accurately than the standard approach did. These results are encouraging within the context of predictive irrigation scheduling in nurseries.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Reference Evapotranspiration Models on Decision Support Systems for Irrigation

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Olberz ◽  
Katrin Kahlen ◽  
Jana Zinkernagel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Reference evapotranspiration (E T 0) is a major estimator for crop water requirements predicted by decision support systems for irrigation. However, the impact of different E T 0s on the predicted amount of water supply and counts of irrigation events has not been evaluated. Simulations of the Geisenheim Irrigation Scheduling (GS) for vegetable crops with two different E T 0s, P2-E T 0 and FAO56-E T 0, were evaluated to assess exemplarily the impact of E T 0s. The sensitivity of both E T 0s to local climate conditions was characterized through a random forest analysis, and a linear regression model was used to adjust the original GS by adapting K c-values to the exchange E T 0. For assessing the outcomes of GS irrigation decision, simulations of 173 individual cropping cycles including six vegetable crops over eight years were conducted. After adjusting P2-E T 0 K c-values to FAO56-E T 0 K c-values, there was no impact of the E T 0-model on the practical irrigation scheduling with GS. Finally, we discuss that any E T 0-model, if adjusted accordingly, might have little impact on similar irrigation systems and provide a method to exchange E T 0s.

scholarly journals Climate Explorer: Improved Access to Local Climate Projections

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. E265-E273
Author(s):  
Fredric Lipschultz ◽  
David D. Herring ◽  
Andrea J. Ray ◽  
Jay R. Alder ◽  
LuAnn Dahlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The goal of the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit’s (CRT) Climate Explorer (CE) is to provide information at appropriate spatial and temporal scales to help practitioners gain insights into the risks posed by climate change. Ultimately, these insights can lead to groups of local stakeholders taking action to build their resilience to a changing climate. Using CE, decision-makers can visualize decade-by-decade changes in climate conditions in their county and the magnitude of changes projected for the end of this century under two plausible emissions pathways. They can also check how projected changes relate to user-defined thresholds that represent points at which valued assets may become stressed, damaged, or destroyed. By providing easy access to authoritative information in an elegant interface, the Climate Explorer can help communities recognize—and prepare to avoid or respond to—emerging climate hazards. Another important step in the evolution of CE builds on the purposeful alignment of the CRT with the U.S. Global Change Research Program’s (USGCRP) National Climate Assessment (NCA). By closely linking these two authoritative resources, we envision that users can easily transition from static maps and graphs within NCA reports to dynamic, interactive versions of the same data within CE and other resources within the CRT, which they can explore at higher spatial scales or customize for their own purposes. The provision of consistent climate data and information—a result of collaboration among USGCRP’s federal agencies—will assist decision-making by other governmental entities, nongovernmental organizations, businesses, and individuals.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Level Decline in Lake Urmia, Iran, on Local Climate Conditions

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2153
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Dehghanipour ◽  
Davood Moshir Panahi ◽  
Hossein Mousavi ◽  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Massoud Tajrishy
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
Lake Center ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran is the largest lake in Iran and the second largest saltwater lake in the world. The water level in Lake Urmia has decreased dramatically in recent years, due to drought, climate change, and the overuse of water resources for irrigation. This shrinking of the lake may affect local climate conditions, assuming that the lake itself affects the local climate. In this study, we quantified the lake’s impact on the local climate by analyzing hourly time series of data on climate variables (temperature, vapor pressure, relative humidity, evaporation, and dewpoint temperature for all seasons, and local lake/land breezes in summer) for the period 1961–2016. For this, we compared high quality, long-term climate data obtained from Urmia and Saqez meteorological stations, located 30 km and 185 km from the lake center, respectively. We then investigated the effect of lake level decrease on the climate variables by dividing the data into periods 1961–1995 (normal lake level) and 1996–2016 (low lake level). The results showed that at Urmia station (close to the lake), climate parameters displayed fewer fluctuations and were evidently affected by Lake Urmia compared with those at Saqez station. The effects of the lake on the local climate increased with increasing temperature, with the most significant impact in summer and the least in winter. The results also indicated that, despite decreasing lake level, local climate conditions are still influenced by Lake Urmia, but to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals El Niño modifies nutrient status in oil palm and helps foliage to recover from yellowing symptoms: new analysis and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Bernard Dubos ◽  
Marcel de Raïssac
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions

In Ecuador, oil palm plantations from the Quinindé-Quevedo region are subject to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with a preponderance of La Niña weather conditions. With more than 2,000 mm, the total annual rainfall is theoretically non-limiting but, with only 1,000 h, the total annual sunshine is well below the 1,800 h minimum recommended. Starting in the 1970s, the frequent occurrence of frond yellowing symptoms in the region became a recurrent worry for growers, convinced that they were facing the expression of a mineral deficiency. In this study, we used experimental results to examine the actual role of mineral nutrition in yellowing manifestation. We described the effects of two El Niño events (1982/1983 and 1997/1998) on climate variables and analysed their putative consequences on palm physiological functioning that could explain the observed foliage recovery. Our analysis led us to conclude that a direct mineral deficiency was not involved, as the soil reserves for the main nutrients were not to blame. We rejected the most frequently proposed hypothesis, whereby yellowing is caused by magnesium deficiency. Our study revealed the key role played by nitrogen, the best indicator of yellowing. Variations in N status appear to be linked to the same factors that determine the symptoms and we opted for the hypothesis of physiological disruption generated by low solar radiation levels under normal conditions. The study also reveals the need to consider specific optimum contents for N and Mg and to adjust fertilizer recommendations to local climate conditions.

scholarly journals Fatal Exertional Heat Stroke and American Football Players: The Need for Regional Heat-Safety Guidelines

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Grundstein ◽  
Yuri Hosokawa ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Exertional Heat Stroke ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Context:  Weather-based activity modification in athletics is an important way to minimize heat illnesses. However, many commonly used heat-safety guidelines include a uniform set of heat-stress thresholds that do not account for geographic differences in acclimatization. Objective:  To determine if heat-related fatalities among American football players occurred on days with unusually stressful weather conditions based on the local climate and to assess the need for regional heat-safety guidelines. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Data from incidents of fatal exertional heat stroke (EHS) in American football players were obtained from the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research and the Korey Stringer Institute. Patients or Other Participants:  Sixty-one American football players at all levels of competition with fatal EHSs from 1980 to 2014. Main Outcome Measure(s):  We used the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and a z-score WBGT standardized to local climate conditions from 1991 to 2010 to assess the absolute and relative magnitudes of heat stress, respectively. Results:  We observed a poleward decrease in exposure WBGTs during fatal EHSs. In milder climates, 80% of cases occurred at above-average WBGTs, and 50% occurred at WBGTs greater than 1 standard deviation from the long-term mean; however, in hotter climates, half of the cases occurred at near average or below average WBGTs. Conclusions:  The combination of lower exposure WBGTs and frequent extreme climatic values in milder climates during fatal EHSs indicates the need for regional activity-modification guidelines with lower, climatically appropriate weather-based thresholds. Established activity-modification guidelines, such as those from the American College of Sports Medicine, work well in the hotter climates, such as the southern United States, where hot and humid weather conditions are common.

scholarly journals Improvements of the hydrological processes of the Town Energy Balance Model (TEB-Veg, SURFEX v7.3) for urban modelling and impact assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenia Stavropulos-Laffaille ◽  
Katia Chancibault ◽  
Jean-Marc Brun ◽  
Aude Lemonsu ◽  
Valéry Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Statistical Criterion ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Demographic Pressure ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract. Climate change and demographic pressure are common issues to be considered when conducting urban planning. Local authorities and stakeholders have therefore opted for more nature-based adaptation strategies, which are especially suitable to influence both hydrological and energy processes. Assessing the multiple benefits of such strategies on the urban microclimate thus requires effective numerical tools. This paper presents recent developments of the water budget in the TEB-Veg model (SURFEX v7.3), which allows for a better representation of the hydrological processes of urban subsoil. This new hydrological module has been called TEB-Hydro. The developments studied concern the introduction of subsoil underneath built surfaces, and the processes of: horizontally rebalancing intra-mesh soil moisture, draining soil water via the sewer network, and limiting deep drainage in the aim of achieving a more realistic base flow pattern in the sewer system. A sensitivity analysis is then performed in order to identify the hydrological parameters required for model calibration. The new TEB-Hydro model is evaluated on two small residential catchments in Nantes (France) by comparing simulated sewer discharges to observation findings. In both cases, the model tends to overestimate total sewer discharge and performs better under wet climate conditions, with a KGE statistical criterion greater than 0.80 vs. roughly 0.60 under drier weather conditions. Yet these findings remain encouraging since the same set of model parameters are identified for both catchments, irrespective of meteorological and local physical conditions. This approach opens opportunities to apply the model at the city scale with respect to projections of climate and demographic changes.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Utilizing Photovoltaics for Irrigation Purposes in Moamba, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10998
Author(s):  
Arsénio José Mindú ◽  
Jó António Capece ◽  
Rui Esteves Araújo ◽  
Armando C. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Total System ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions

Agriculture plays a significant role in the labor force and GDP of Mozambique. Nonetheless, the energy source massively used for water pumping in irrigation purposes is based on fossil fuels (diesel oil). Despite the water availability and fertile soils in Moamba, Mozambique, farmers struggle with the high cost of fuels used in the pumping systems. This study was sought to analyze the feasibility of utilizing a solar photovoltaic system as a means to reduce the environmental impact caused by the diesel pumps and simultaneously alleviate the expenses regarding the use of non-environmentally friendly technologies. Site observations and interviews were undertaken in order to obtain local data regarding the water demand, current energy systems costs and distances from the source to the irrigated fields. CLIMWAT 2.0 was used for climate data acquisition and analysis. The environmental benefits, the cost effectiveness and local climate conditions show that the PV system is feasible in Moamba. Furthermore, parameters such as hydraulic energy, incident solar energy, pump efficiency and total system efficiency were used to predict the performance of the system. The results obtained are important to analyze the implementation of such energy systems.

scholarly journals The Influence of Weather Conditions and Local Climate on Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Metropolitan Area of Iasi, Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Sfîcă ◽  
Iulian Iordache ◽  
Pavel Ichim ◽  
Alina Leahu ◽  
Marius-Mihai Cazacu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Leading Role

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the weather conditions and local climate on the temporal and spatial variability of particulate matters (PM 10) in Iași city which is facing major pollution problems in the recent years. Daily data from 4 monitoring stations of Environmental Protection Agency-Iași–for main weather parameters and particulate matters – and the temperature from an inner temperature and relative humidity observation network inside the city were used for a three year study (2013-2015). Linear correlation, composite analysis and multiple regression are the main statistical methods applied in the analysis. In brief, the most important meteorological parameters enhancing air pollution in Iași seem to be represented by thermal inversions developing in the region strongly related to local climate conditions. The Pearson correlation coefficient (stronger than -0.40) between PM10 and thermal gradient, the difference in the PM10 concentration exceeding 20 μg/m3 between strong thermal inversions and unstable conditions and the leading role of thermal gradients in multiple regression are the main indicators of the great role of thermal inversion in generating and sustaining pollution conditions in this area. The maximum concentrations of PM10 occur in May and March, gathering more than 30% of the days for the entire year. Complementary studies were taken into account in order to analyse the aerosol optical properties retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-NASA).

scholarly journals Correlation between climate data and land altitude for Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Elisa Pereira Silva ◽  
Corina da Costa Freitas ◽  
Luciano Vieira Dutra ◽  
Marcelo Beltrão Molento
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Fascioliasis is a food-borne parasitic disease that affects a range of animals, including humans caused by Fasciola hepatica. The present study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of bovine fasciolosis and to assess the correlation between the high Positivity Index (PI) and climate data and land altitude, from 2004 to 2008 and 2010 in Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. Condemned livers of slaughtered animals were obtained from 198 out of 293 municipalities and from 518.635 animals, exclusively from SC. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the prevalence of F. hepatica and land altitude ( ρ ^ s = -0.43). The highest PI (above 10.1%) was observed in cities at 500 to 600 m (P < 0.01; ρ ^ s = -0.47) of altitude. There was no correlation between fascioliasis and rainfall in SC. It was determined that weather conditions in the past decade did not impose any limitation to the occurrence of the parasite, making it a disease of permanent clinical importance. These findings are essential to regions with similar geographical and climate conditions (i.e. altitude), when considering long-term control measurements, where animals and humans can be infected.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Level Decline in Lake Urmia, Iran, on Local Climate Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Dehghanipour ◽  
Davood Moshir Panahi ◽  
Hossein Mousavi ◽  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Massoud Tajrishy
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
Lake Center ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran is the largest lake in Iran and the second largest saltwater lake in the world. The water level in Lake Urmia has decreased dramatically in recent years, due to drought, climate change, and overuse of water resources for irrigation. This shrinking of the lake may affect local climate conditions, assuming that the lake itself affects the local climate. In this study, we quantified the lake&rsquo;s impact on the local climate by analyzing hourly time series of data on climate variables (temperature, vapor pressure, relative humidity, evaporation, and dewpoint temperature for all seasons, and local lake/land breezes in summer) for the period 1961-2016. For this, we compared high quality, long-term climate data obtained from Urmia and Saqez meteorological stations, located 30 km and 185 km from the lake center, respectively. We then investigated the effect of lake level decrease on the climate variables by dividing the data into 1961-1995 (normal lake level) and 1996-2016 (low lake level). The results showed that at Urmia station (close to the lake), climate parameters displayed fewer fluctuations and were evidently affected by Lake Urmia compared with those at Saqez station. The effects of the lake on the local climate increased with increasing temperature, with the most significant impact in summer and the least in winter. The results also indicated that, despite decreasing lake level, local climate conditions are still influenced by Lake Urmia, but to a lesser extent.

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