scholarly journals 1014Maternal educational qualification and child’s birth weight: Findings from Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Pikhartova ◽  
Rachel Stuchbury ◽  
Nicola Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Later Life ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
Education Degree ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lower Birthweight

Abstract Background Lower maternal education was found to be associated with lower child’s birthweight which in turn was a possible risk factor for later poor health. Presented research aims to assess the association between maternal education and singleton’s birthweight in large UK data, accounting for characteristics such child’s gender, parity, maternal age, partnership status, ethnicity, and household socioeconomic characteristics. Methods Using England and Wales Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS-LS), data from over 240,000 children born since 1981 to ONS-LS sample mothers were used. Maternal education was derived into 3 categories (below secondary, complete secondary education, degree and higher). Results Crude analysis confirmed significant association between the level of education and birthweight in each Census cohort (p < 0.001). In adjusted models, the education gradient was partly explained but remained strongly significant, and substantially increased over the years: for example, the birthweight difference between those with below secondary educated mothers and those with degree increased from 29 to 92 grams (p for change<0.001). Conclusions Our findings support previous evidence using different, usually smaller, population samples. Children of mothers with no or low qualification are more prone to be born with lower birthweight leading potentially into health disadvantages in their later life. Our results suggest that the inequalities in birth weight increased over the last 35 years. Key messages Low levels of maternal education predicts low birthweight in children.

Social Economic Determinants of Birth Weight: Path Analysis Evidence from Situbondo, East Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eti Kuswandari ◽  
◽  
Harsono Salimo ◽  
Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Maternal Knowledge

ABSTRACT Background: Social economics and environmental factors contribute to low birthweight. Cigarette exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnant women has been discerned as an important risk factor for low birth weight. The purpose of this study was to investigate social economic determinants of birth weight using path analysis model. Subjects and Method: A case control study was carried out at Asembagus community health center, Situbondo, East Java. The study population was children aged 0-1 years. A sample of 150 children with normal birthweight and 50 children with low birth weight was selected randomly. The dependent variable was low bierthweight. The independent variables were maternal age, maternal employment status, family income, maternal knowledge, and cigarette smoke exposure. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of low birthweight was directly and positively associated with maternal age <20 or ≥35 years (b= 1.78; 95% CI= 0.83 to 2.73; p<0.001), low maternal education (<Senior high school) (b= 0.93; 95% CI= 0.00 to 1.86; p= 0.049), mother work outside the home (b= 1.24; 95% CI= 0.26 to 2.22; p= 0.013), low family income low (b= 1.33; 95% CI= 0.42 to 2.24; p= 0.004), low maternal knowledge (b= 1.17; 95% CI= 0.13 to 2.21; p= 0.026), and high cigarette smoke exposure (b= 1.11; CI 95%= 0.08 to 2.13; p= 0.035). The risk of low birthweight was indirectly and positively associated with maternal education, maternal knowledge, and family income. Conclusion: The risk of low birthweight is directly and positively associated with maternal age <20 or ≥35 years, low maternal education (<Senior high school), mother work outside the home, low family income low, low maternal knowledge, and high cigarette smoke exposure. The risk of low birthweight is indirectly and positively associated with maternal education, maternal knowledge, and family income. Keywords: low birthweight, cigarette smoke exposure, social economy determinants, path analysis Correspondence: Eti Kuswandari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282132770153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.104

The Relationship Between Birthweight Discordance and Perinatal Mortality of One of the Twins in a Twin Pair

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Kato ◽  
Tomohiro Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cumulative Frequency ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Lower Birthweight ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of birth-weight discordance among twins, to determine the risk cut-off point for birthweight discordance, and to clarify whether perinatal deaths are aggravated by birthweight discordance or by low birthweight itself. A population-based analysis of all twins born between 1995 and 1999 in Japan was conducted using data collected from national birth, death and stillbirth certificates. Birthweight discordance was determined as: higher birthweight minus lower birthweight divided by higher birthweight multiplied by 100. Among twins with a birthweight discordance of more than 15%, the fetal and perinatal mortality rate was higher than that of twins with a discordance of less than 15%. Ninety per cent of the relative cumulative frequency of twin live-births were within 25% of the birthweight discordance. Logistic regression analysis showed that the stillbirth of at least one of the twins is associated with the birthweight of the larger twin and birthweight discordance. It also showed that the stillbirth of both twins in the twin pair is associated with the birth-weight of larger twins and the gestational weeks. It was clarified that birthweight discordance was associated with the stillbirth of only one twin in the twin pair, and the stillbirth of both twins in the twin pair was associated with low birthweight itself.

scholarly journals Influence of vitamin D serum concentration, prenatal care and social determinants on birth weight: a northeastern Brazilian cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Pereira-Santos ◽  
Gisele Queiroz Carvalho ◽  
Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Ana Marlucia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Vitamin

AbstractThe relationship among social determinants, vitamin D serum concentration and the health and nutrition conditions is an important issue in the healthcare of pregnant women and newborns. Thus, the present study analyses how vitamin D, prenatal monitoring and social determinants are associated with birth weight. The cohort comprised 329 pregnant women, up to 34 weeks gestational age at the time of admission, who were receiving care through the prenatal services of Family Health Units. Structural equation modelling was used in the statistical analysis. The mean birth weight was 3340 (sd 0·545) g. Each nmol increase in maternal vitamin D serum concentration was associated with an increase in birth weight of 3·06 g. Prenatal healthcare with fewer appointments (β −41·49 g, 95 % CI −79·27, −3·71) and late onset of care in the second trimester or third trimester (β −39·24 g, 95 % CI −73·31, −5·16) favoured decreased birth weight. In addition, low socio-economic class and the practice of Afro-Brazilian religions showed a direct association with high vitamin D serum concentrations and an indirect association with high birth weight, respectively. High gestational BMI (β 23·84, 95 % CI 4·37, 43·31), maternal education level (β 24·52 g, 95 % CI 1·82, 47·23) and length of gestation (β 79·71, 95 % CI 52·81; 106·6) resulted in high birth weight. In conclusion, maternal vitamin D serum concentration, social determinants and prenatal care, evaluated in the context of primary healthcare, directly determined birth weight.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study of mortality in very low birthweight infants in a single centre in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000918
Author(s):  
Isabel A Michaelis ◽  
Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann ◽  
Ncomeka Manyisane ◽  
Mikateko C Mazinu ◽  
Esme R Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Overall Mortality

BackgroundNeonatal mortality is a major contributor worldwide to the number of deaths in children under 5 years of age. The primary objective of this study was to assess the overall mortality rate of babies with a birth weight equal or below 1500 g in a neonatal unit at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Furthermore, different maternal-related and infant-related factors for higher mortality were analysed.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study which included infants admitted to the neonatal wards of the hospital within their first 24 hours of life and with a birth weight equal to or below 1500 g. Mothers who consented answered a questionnaire to identify factors for mortality.Results173 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were recruited in the neonatal department between November 2017 and December 2018, of whom 55 died (overall mortality rate 32.0%). Twenty-three of the 44 infants (53,5%) with a birth weight below 1000 g died during the admission. One hundred and sixty-one mothers completed the questionnaire and 45 of their babies died.Main factors associated with mortality were lower gestational age and lower birth weight. Need for ventilator support and sepsis were associated with higher mortality, as were maternal factors such as HIV infection and age below 20 years.ConclusionThis prospective study looked at survival of VLBW babies in an underprivileged part of the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Compared with other public urban hospitals in the country, the survival rate remains unacceptably low. Further research is required to find the associated causes and appropriate ways to address these.

scholarly journals Trimester effects of source-specific PM10 on birth weight outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Chen ◽  
Susan Hodgson ◽  
John Gulliver ◽  
Raquel Granell ◽  
A. John Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Exposure Misclassification ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Residential History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) is associated with reduced birth weight, but information is limited on the sources of PM10 and exposure misclassification from assigning exposures to place of residence at birth. Methods Trimester and source-specific PM10 exposures (PM10 from road source, local non-road source, and total source) in pregnancy were estimated using dispersion models and a full maternal residential history for 12,020 births from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) cohort in 1990–1992 in the Bristol area. Information on birth outcomes were obtained from birth records. Maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. We used linear regression models for continuous outcomes (birth weight, head circumference (HC), and birth length (BL) and logistic regression models for binary outcomes (preterm birth (PTB), term low birth weight (TLBW) and small for gestational age (SGA)). Sensitivity analysis was performed using multiple imputation for missing covariate data. Results After adjustment, interquartile range increases in source specific PM10 from traffic were associated with 17 to 18% increased odds of TLBW in all pregnancy periods. We also found odds of TLBW increased by 40% (OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.75) and odds of SGA increased by 18% (OR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.32) per IQR (6.54 μg/m3) increase of total PM10 exposure in the third trimester. Conclusion This study adds to evidence that maternal PM10 exposures affect birth weight, with particular concern in relation to exposures to PM10 from road transport sources; results for total PM10 suggest greatest effect in the third trimester. Effect size estimates relate to exposures in the 1990s and are higher than those for recent studies – this may relate to reduced exposure misclassification through use of full residential history information, changes in air pollution toxicity over time and/or residual confounding.

scholarly journals Common genetic variants with fetal effects on birth weight are enriched for proximity to genes implicated in rare developmental disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin N Beaumont ◽  
Isabelle K Mayne ◽  
Rachel M Freathy ◽  
Caroline F Wright
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Causal Genes

Abstract Birth weight is an important factor in newborn survival; both low and high birth weights are associated with adverse later-life health outcomes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 190 loci associated with maternal or fetal effects on birth weight. Knowledge of the underlying causal genes is crucial to understand how these loci influence birth weight and the links between infant and adult morbidity. Numerous monogenic developmental syndromes are associated with birth weights at the extreme ends of the distribution. Genes implicated in those syndromes may provide valuable information to prioritize candidate genes at the GWAS loci. We examined the proximity of genes implicated in developmental disorders (DDs) to birth weight GWAS loci using simulations to test whether they fall disproportionately close to the GWAS loci. We found birth weight GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) fall closer to such genes than expected both when the DD gene is the nearest gene to the birth weight SNP and also when examining all genes within 258 kb of the SNP. This enrichment was driven by genes causing monogenic DDs with dominant modes of inheritance. We found examples of SNPs in the intron of one gene marking plausible effects via different nearby genes, highlighting the closest gene to the SNP not necessarily being the functionally relevant gene. This is the first application of this approach to birth weight, which has helped identify GWAS loci likely to have direct fetal effects on birth weight, which could not previously be classified as fetal or maternal owing to insufficient statistical power.

scholarly journals Some Risk Factors for Low Birthweight Infants at Manado Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
S. M. Salendu W. ◽  
Sutomo Raharjo ◽  
Immanuel Mustadjab ◽  
Nan Warouw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
In Pregnancy

The risk factors of low birthweight infants were assessed in a retrospective study covering 3607 singleton livebirth infants at Manado Hospital from January until December 1993. The analysis confirmed that patterns of risk birthweight hypertension in pregnancy (P<0.01), maternal education (P<0.01), maternal age (P<0.05), and parity (P<0.01), marital status (P<0.01), history of abortion (P<0.05), and parity (P<0.01). Anemia in pregnancy was also associated with birthweight in low birth weight (P<0.05). Asymetric intrauterine growth retardation (Ponderal Index below 2.32) was found both in premature and term infants.

scholarly journals A Case Control Study on Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Babies in Eastern Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar Bhaskar ◽  
Krishna Kumar Deo ◽  
Uttam Neupane ◽  
Subhadra Chaudhary Bhaskar ◽  
Birendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Background. This study was done to assess the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) babies.Methods. An unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases (mothers having LBW singleton babies) and 159 controls (mothers having normal birth weight singleton babies).Results. More than 50% of LBW babies were from the mothers with height ≤145 cm while only 9.43% of NBW babies were from the mothers with that height. Finally, after multivariate logistic regression analysis, maternal height, time of first antenatal care (ANC) visit, number of ANC visits, iron supplementation, calcium supplementation, maternal education, any illness during pregnancy, and hypertension were found as the significant predictors of LBW. However, maternal blood group AB, normal maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), mother’s age of 30 or more years, and starting ANC visit earlier were found to be protective for LBW.Conclusion. Study findings suggest that selectively targeted interventions such as delay age at first pregnancy, improving maternal education and nutrition, and iron and calcium supplementation can prevent LBW in Nepal.

Maternal Carbenoxolone Treatment Lowers Birthweight and Induces Hypertension in the Offspring of Rats Fed a Protein-Replete Diet

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Langley-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fetal Exposure ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

1. In the rat low birthweight and raised systolic blood pressure are the consequence of fetal exposure to maternal low protein diets. Nutritional down-regulation of the placental isoform of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which may increase exposure of the fetus to maternal glucocorticoids, has been suggested to underlie effects of low protein diets on fetal growth and blood pressure. 2. Pregnant rats were fed control (18% casein) or low protein (9% casein) diets throughout gestation. Animals fed the control diet were injected with carbenoxolone, an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Injections were administered either throughout pregnancy (days 0–22), or targeted to specific periods in early (days 0–7), mid- (days 8–14) or late (days 15–22) gestation. 3. Exposure to a low protein diet reduced birthweight and at 4 weeks of age systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in the rats exposed to low protein. These hypertensive animals had small kidneys in proportion to body weight. 4. Fetal exposure to carbenoxolone at any period in gestation resulted in lower weight at birth. In rats exposed to the inhibitor over days 8–14, 15–22 or 0–22 systolic blood pressure at 4 weeks was significantly higher than in control animals. The greatest elevation of pressure was associated with carbenoxolone treatment in late (days 15–22) gestation. Animals with carbenoxolone-induced hypertension did not exhibit evidence of retarded renal growth. 5. Increased fetal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids impairs fetal growth and programmes elevated blood pressure in later life.

scholarly journals Associations between maternal BMI, breastfeeding practices and infant anthropometric status in Colombia; secondary analysis of ENSIN 2010.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Aldana-Parra ◽  
Gilma Olaya ◽  
Mary Fewtrell
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
Anthropometric Status

Abstract Background: Maternal malnutrition and infant feeding mode impact short and long term infant and child morbidity and mortality. The period of lactation may provide an opportunity to modulate the risk of disease later in life. Our aim was to estimate the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant feeding mode, particularly breastfeeding practices, on the anthropometric status of children under two years in Colombia. Methods: A secondary analysis was performed using the data from ENSIN 2010. Term infants under 2y, singleton, with a mother older than 18y, were included in the analysis. Outcomes were wasting (WLZ<-2SD), overweight (WLZ>+2SD) and stunting (LAZ<-2SD). Predictors were infant feeding (exclusive and predominant BF constructed from 24-hour recall, age at introduction of liquids, semisolids and solids) and maternal BMI. Socioeconomic variables, maternal education and age, conditions during pregnancy and birth weight were analyzed as covariates. Results: Mothers of overweight infants had higher BMI (Mean dif=1.47 kg/m2; 95% CI=2.1, 0.8) than those with normal weight infants. Stunting and wasting were not predicted by maternal anthropometry or infant feeding mode. Fewer maternal years of education were associated with wasting (OR=0.90; 95% CI=0.86, 0.97; p=0.003) and stunting (OR=0.92; 95% CI=0.89, 0.94; p<0.0001), while more maternal years of education were associated with overweight (OR=1.06; 95% CI=1.02, 1.01; p=0.001); higher birth weight was associated with overweight (OR=1.001; 95% CI=1.00, 1.001; p<0.0001) and lower birth was associated with stunting (OR=0.99; 95% CI=0.89; p<0.0001) in the final regression model. Conclusions: Maternal BMI is a modifiable target for public health policy to promote healthy infant growth. Infant nutritional status is affected by direct and indirect factors that need to be addressed in further studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document