Effect of a carbohydrase admixture in growing pigs fed wheat-based diets in thermoneutral and heat stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Oladele ◽  
Enkai Li ◽  
Hang Lu ◽  
Pierre Cozannet ◽  
Cindy Nakatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract The efficacy of exogenous carbohydrases in pig diets has been suggested to depend on enzyme activity and dietary fiber composition, but recent evidence suggests other factors such as ambient temperature might be important as well. Therefore, we investigated the effect of heat stress (HS) on the efficacy of a multienzyme carbohydrase blend in growing pigs. Ninety-six (barrows: gilts; 1:1) growing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 20.15 ± 0.18 kg were randomly assigned to six treatments, with eight replicates of two pigs per pen in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement: three levels of carbohydrase (0, 1X, or 2X) at two environmental temperatures (20 °C or cyclical 28 °C nighttime and 35 °C day time). The 1X dose (50 g/tonne) provided 1,250 viscosimetry unit (visco-units) endo-β-1,4-xylanase, 4,600 units α-l-arabinofuranosidase and 860 visco-units endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase per kilogram of feed. Pigs were fed ad libitum for 28 d and 1 pig per pen was sacrificed on day 28. There was no enzyme × temperature interaction on any response criteria; thus, only main effects are reported. Enzyme treatment quadratically increased (P < 0.05) BW on day 28, average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05) with the 1X level being highest. HS reduced the BW at day 14 (P < 0.01) and day 28 (P < 0.01), ADG (P < 0.01), and ADFI (P<0.001). There was a trend of increased feed efficiency (G:F) (P < 0.1) in the HS pigs. HS increased apparent jejunal digestibility of energy (P < 0.05) and apparent ileal digestibility of calcium (P < 0.01). At day 1, HS reduced serum glucose (P < 0.001) but increased nonesterified fatty acid (P < 0.01). In the jejunum, there was a trend of increased villi height by carbohydrases (P < 0.1), whereas HS reduced villi height (P < 0.05). HS increased the jejunal mRNA abundance of IL1β in the jejunum (P < 0.001). There was a trend for a reduction in ileal MUC2 (P < 0.1) and occludin (P < 0.1) by HS, and a trend for increased PEPT1 (P < 0.1). There was no effect of HS on alpha diversity and beta diversity of the fecal microbiome, but there was an increase in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the HS group. In conclusion, HS did not alter the efficacy of carbohydrases. This suggests that carbohydrases and HS modulate pig performance independently.

scholarly journals Addition of a Mixture of Plant Extracts to Diets for Growing-Finishing Pigs on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Carcass Traits, Organ Weight as a Percentage of Live Weight, Quality and Sensorial Analysis of Meat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Dávila-Ramírez ◽  
Lucas Lisandro Munguía-Acosta ◽  
Jubitza Guadalupe Morales-Coronado ◽  
Ana Delia García-Salinas ◽  
Humberto González-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Blood Constituents

The effect of plant extracts (PE; artichoke, celery, beet, onion, garlic, spinach, avocado, oats, and parsley) in the diet of growing pigs under heat stress was investigated. Parameters included growth performance, blood constituents, carcass characteristics, organ percentage, quality and sensory appraisal of the pork. The study was performed during the Mexican summer, using 60 pigs. Treatments included the control, to which 0.1% PE, and 0.15% PE were added. The use of PE (0.1 and 0.15%) generated an increase in the average daily gain (ADG, by 10.0% for both treatments), and final live weight (LW, by 6.3% and 6.8%) (p < 0.05). The level of blood albumin at 95 kg was higher when supplementing with 0.1% PE (p < 0.05). At 120 kg LW, creatine kinase values showed a tendency to be different (p = 0.07). Carcass weight increased (p < 0.05) when adding PE. Supplementation with 0.1% PE decreased (p < 0.05) the red/green (a *) hue of the meat, whereas supplementation with 0.1% and 0.15% PE increased the yellow/blue (b *) hue (p < 0.05). The addition of PE improves pig growth performance, and carcass weight by reducing the negative effects of heat stress, without markedly modifying blood constituents, meat quality, and sensory attributes of the pork.

scholarly journals Running Head: Heat Affects Cholesterol and Bile Acid Alterations in Cholesterol and Bile Acids Metabolism in Large White Pigs during Short-Term Heat Exposure

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fang ◽  
Xiaobin Wen ◽  
Qingshi Meng ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Jingjing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Heat stress influences lipid metabolism independently of nutrient intake. It is not well understood how cholesterol and bile acid (BA) metabolism are affected by heat stress. To investigate the alterations of cholesterol and bile acids when pigs are exposed to short term heat stress, 24 Large White pigs (63.2 ± 9.5 kg body weight, BW) were distributed into one of three environmental treatments: control conditions (CON, 23 °C with ad libitum intake; n = 8), heat stress conditions (HS, 33 °C with ad libitum intake; n = 8), or pair-fed conditions (PF, 23 °C with the same amount to the feed consumed by the HS; n = 8) for three days. Compared with CON pigs, HS pigs reduced the average daily feed intake and average daily gain by 55% and 124%, respectively, and significantly increased rectal temperatures by 0.9 °C and respiration rates more than three-fold. The serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) increased (p < 0.05), while hepatic TC, TG, and mRNA of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase were reduced on day 3. Furthermore, liver taurine-conjugated BAs (TCBAs), including taurolithocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurohyodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid were elevated in HS pigs compared to CON and PF pigs (p < 0.05), and the level of chenodeoxycholic acid was more significant in the PF group than in the CON and HS groups. The concentration of ursodeoxycholic acid in the serum was higher in HS pigs than CON and PF pigs (p < 0.05), and TCDCA was increased in HS pigs compared with PF pigs (p < 0.05). Altogether, short-term HS reduced hepatic cholesterol levels by decreasing cholesterol synthesis, promoting cholesterol to TCBAs conversion, and cholesterol release to serum in growing pigs. This independently reduced feed intake might serve as a mechanism to protect cells from damage during the early period.

Evaluation of Western Australian canola meal for growing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
J. Allen ◽  
D. J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty samples of canola seed collected throughout south-western Australia after the 1995 harvest were analysed for oil and total glucosinolate levels. Average oil and total glucosinolate levels were 378 g/kg and 14.0 mmol/kg (oil-free dry matter, DM), respectively. The subsequent single-press canola meal [containing an average of 96 g/kg oil and 10.5 mmol/kg total glucosinolates (oil-free DM)] extracted from 8 batches of the original canola seed was then used in 2 growth experiments. In Expt 1, canola meal was included in diets for growing–finishing pigs at levels of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg in the diet, and replaced Australian sweet lupins. In this study, feed was offered on an ad libitum basis between 23 and 110 kg liveweight (LW). In Expt 2, the same inclusion levels of canola meal were used; however, feed intake was standardised across treatments (approximately 3 times maintenance) to assess the impact of glucosinolate intake on performance and thyroid weight in pigs between 19 and 94 kg LW. In Expt 1, performance was similar (P > 0.05) in pigs offered up to 200 g/kg of canola meal. In Expt 2, average daily gain was similar between treatments (P > 0.05), although a linear decline in both daily gain (P = 0.244) and feed : gain (P < 0.05) with increasing canola meal levels was detected. Increasing amounts of canola meal in the diet were associated with heavier (P < 0.001) thyroid weights, suggesting a negative influence of the products of glucosinolate hydrolysis on thyroid function. Single-press canola meal is a suitable alternative to other protein sources; however, at levels >150 g/kg for growing–finishing pigs, higher intakes of glucosinolates were associated with a tendency for decreased pig performance and thyroid hypertrophy despite the canola varieties used being ‘low glucosinolate’.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

scholarly journals PSX-7 Effect of varying levels of hempseed meal supplementation on animal performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of growing meat goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 459-460
Author(s):  
Frank W Abrahamsen ◽  
Nar Gurung ◽  
Woubit Abdela ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Kim Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Hempseed meal (HSM) is a byproduct of hemp oil production and is high in crude protein, fiber, and fat, making it a potential feedstuff for ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HSM supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood chemistry profile of growing meat goats. Forty castrated, Boer cross goats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments (n = 10): control, 10%, 20%, and 30% HSM supplementation. Data collected over a period of a 60-day feeding trial were analyzed utilizing the mixed model analysis function of SYSTAT, version 13. The result revealed total live weight gain decreased with the increasing levels of HSM supplementation 10.75, 9.53, 8.48, and 7.80 kg, for 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. Average daily gain followed the same trend 0.179, 0.159, 0.141, and 0.13 kg, with a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) observed between the control and 30 % supplementation. Conversely, feed to gain ratio increased with the increasing levels of supplementation 9.0, 10.2, 11.9, 12.2, likewise a significant difference was observed (P &lt; 0.05) between the control and 30% supplementation. Acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, iso-valeric, and iso-butyric acid concentrations as well as the total VFA concentration decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing level of supplementation. Acetic to propionic acid ratios increased with increasing level of supplementation 3.43, 4.36, 4.52, and 4.59, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed between control-20% and 30% HSM group. Serum glucose concentration decreased with an increasing rate of HSM supplementation while BUN concentration increased with no significant differences. These findings provide new insights into the feeding value of HSM for meat goats; however, further research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal level of supplementation.

scholarly journals Integrative analysis of DNA, macroscopic remains and stable isotopes of dog coprolites to reconstruct community diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey E. Witt ◽  
Karthik Yarlagadda ◽  
Julie M. Allen ◽  
Alyssa C. Bader ◽  
Mary L. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Fecal Microbiome

AbstractPaleofeces or coprolites are often used to reconstruct diet at archaeological sites, usually using macroscopic analyses or targeted DNA amplification and sequencing. Here we present an integrative analysis of dog coprolites, combining macroscopic analyses, stable isotope measurements, and DNA shotgun sequencing to examine diet and health status. Dog coprolites used in this study were recovered from the Janey B. Goode and East Saint Louis archaeological sites, both of which are located in the American Bottom, an extensive Mississippi River floodplain in Southwestern Illinois. Based on the context of recovery, coprolites are assigned to the Late Woodland and Terminal Late Woodland periods (ca. 600–1050 AD). Given the scarcity of human remains from this time period, these dog coprolites can be useful as a proxy for understanding human diet during the Late Woodland period. We find that the Late Woodland dogs consumed a variety of fish as well as bird and plant taxa, possibly including maize, and also harbored intestinal parasites and pathogenic bacteria. By sequencing the fecal microbiome of the coprolites, we find some similarities to modern dog microbiomes, as well as specific taxa that can be used to discriminate between modern and ancient microbiomes, excluding soil contaminants. As dogs are often used as a surrogate to assess human diet, humans living with these dogs likely had a similar diet and were affected by similar parasites. These analyses, when integrated, show a more comprehensive view of ancient dog and human diet and health in the region during the initial expansion of maize agriculture than any individual method could alone.

scholarly journals Identification of an N-acetylneuraminic acid-presenting bacteria isolated from a human microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Han ◽  
Peter S. Thuy-Boun ◽  
Wayne Pfeiffer ◽  
Vincent F. Vartabedian ◽  
Ali Torkamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Selective Labeling ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Microbial Systems

AbstractN-Acetylneuraminic acid is the most abundant sialic acid (SA) in humans and is expressed as the terminal sugar on intestinal mucus glycans. Several pathogenic bacteria harvest and display host SA on their own surfaces to evade Siglec-mediated host immunity. While previous studies have identified bacterial enzymes associated with SA catabolism, no reported methods permit the selective labeling, tracking, and quantitation of SA-presenting microbes within complex multi-microbial systems. We combined metabolic labeling, click chemistry, 16S rRNA gene, and whole-genome sequencing to track and identify SA-presenting microbes from a cultured human fecal microbiome. We isolated a new strain of Escherichia coli that incorporates SA onto its own surface and encodes for the nanT, neuA, and neuS genes necessary for harvesting and presenting SA. Our method is applicable to the identification of SA-presenting bacteria from human, animal, and environmental microbiomes, as well as providing an entry point for the investigation of surface-expressed SA-associated structures.

scholarly journals Effect of hay type on cecal and fecal microbiome and fermentation parameters in horses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J Sorensen ◽  
James S Drouillard ◽  
Teresa L Douthit ◽  
Qinghong Ran ◽  
Douglas G Marthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The effect of hay type on the microbiome of the equine gastrointestinal tract is relatively unexplored. Our objective was to characterize the cecal and fecal microbiome of mature horses consuming alfalfa or Smooth Bromegrass (brome) hay. Six cecally cannulated horses were used in a split plot design run as a crossover in 2 periods. Whole plot treatment was ad libitum access to brome or alfalfa hay fed over two 21-d acclimation periods with subplots of sampling location (cecum and rectum) and sampling hour. Each acclimation period was followed by a 24-h collection period where cecal and fecal samples were collected every 3 h for analysis of pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Fecal and cecal samples were pooled and sent to a commercial lab (MR DNA, Shallowater, TX) for amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. Main effects of hay on VFA, pH, and taxonomic abundances were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of hay, hour, location, period, all possible interactions and random effect of horse. Alpha and β diversity were analyzed using the R Dame package. Horses fed alfalfa had greater fecal than cecal pH (P ≤ 0.05) whereas horses fed brome had greater cecal than fecal pH (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of hay type, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum than in feces, and alfalfa resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.05) VFA concentrations than brome in both sampling locations. Alpha diversity was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in fecal compared to cecal samples. Microbial community structure within each sampling location and hay type differed from one another (P ≤ 0.05). Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum compared to the rectum, regardless of hay type. Firmicutes and Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the feces compared to cecal samples of alfalfa-fed horses. In all, fermentation parameters and bacterial abundances were impacted by hay type and sampling location in the hindgut.

scholarly journals 52 Alterations of fecal microbiome characteristics by dietary soy isoflavone ingestion in growing pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Brooke N Smith ◽  
Stephen A Fleming ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Ryan N Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically-important disease and ingestion of soy isoflavones (ISF) may benefit PRRSV-infected pigs due to demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties. The objective of this study was to quantify long-term effects of ISF consumption on fecal microbiome characteristics under disease challenge. In total, 96 weaned barrows were group-housed in a BSL-2 containment facility and allotted to 1 of 3 experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the wean-to-finish study: non-infected pigs receiving an ISF-devoid control diet (NC, n=24), and infected pigs receiving either the control diet (PC, n=36) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,600 mg/kg (ISF, n=36) (Table 1). Following a 7-day adaptation, pigs were inoculated intranasally with either a sham-control (PBS) or live PRRSV (1×105 TCID50/mL, strain NADC20). Fecal samples were collected from 48 individual pigs at pre-infection (-2 days post-inoculation, DPI), peak-infection (10 DPI), and post-infection (144 DPI) time-points and extracted DNA was used for 16S bacterial rRNA sequencing. Differences in bacterial communities among diet groups were evaluated using UniFrac distance matrices (weighted and unweighted) in QIIME. All other data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA performed on transformed data using R. Across all time-points, only minimal differences were observed due to ISF alone. At 10 DPI, PRRSV infection reduced Prevotella 9 genera abundance from approximately 20% to less than 10%, but the specific function of this variety in pigs is unclear. The most notable finding was decreased relative abundance of Actinobacteria at 144 DPI between non-infected and infected treatments (P &lt; 0.05), which is consistent with various dysbioses observed in other disease models. Our findings indicate that differences present were mainly due to PRRSV infection and not strongly influenced by ISF ingestion, which implies previously observed performance benefits conferred by dietary ISF are not likely due to changes in microbiome composition.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Reduces Metabolic Rate While Increasing Respiratory Exchange Ratio in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Dane W. Fausnacht ◽  
Kellie A. Kroscher ◽  
Ryan P. McMillan ◽  
Luciane S. Martello ◽  
Lance H. Baumgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Substrate Regulation ◽  
Enclosed Chamber ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Heat stress (HS) diminishes animal production, reducing muscle growth and increasing adiposity, especially in swine. Excess heat creates a metabolic phenotype with limited lipid oxidation that relies on aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis as a predominant means of energy production, potentially reducing metabolic rate. To evaluate the effects of HS on substrate utilization and energy expenditure, crossbred barrows (15.2 ± 2.4 kg) were acclimatized for 5 days (22 °C), then treated with 5 days of TN (thermal neutral, 22 °C, n = 8) or HS (35 °C, n = 8). Pigs were fed ad libitum and monitored for respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER, CO2:O2) were evaluated fasted in an enclosed chamber through indirect calorimetry. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the longissimus dorsi pre/post. HS increased temperature (39.2 ± 0.1 vs. 39.6 ± 0.1 °C, p < 0.01) and RER (0.91 ± 0.02 vs. 1.02 ± 0.02 VCO2:VO2, p < 0.01), but decreased DEE/BW (68.8 ± 1.7 vs. 49.7 ± 4.8 kcal/day/kg, p < 0.01) relative to TN. Weight gain (p = 0.80) and feed intake (p = 0.84) did not differ between HS and TN groups. HS decreased muscle metabolic flexibility (~33%, p = 0.01), but increased leucine oxidation (~35%, p = 0.02) compared to baseline values. These data demonstrate that HS disrupts substrate regulation and energy expenditure in growing pigs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document