Law and Order Policies and Conservative Parties

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-168
Author(s):  
Georg Wenzelburger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Political System ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
A Priority ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Shifts

Chapter 5 presents evidence on how two conservative governments, the Bildt government in Sweden in the early 1990s and the French UMP governments at the beginning of the 2000s, embarked on rather different policy paths although both governments had pledged to implement harsher law and order policies. The difference between the two countries is explained by the fact that the Swedish political system constrains radical policy shifts by a legislative process that is lengthy and aimed at consensus. Therefore, the government simply did not have enough time to implement what might have been a major policy change. Second, the importance of law and order policies was greatly reduced in Sweden due to a major financial and economic crisis that hit the country only months after the government took office—hence, crime and security were not a priority. In France, in contrast, institutional constraints were weak, which explains the shift toward a harsher stance.

From Parliament to Courtroom

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomír Kopeček ◽  
Jan Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Political System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Lower House ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
The Government

The Czech Constitutional Court has gained a strong position within the political system. This article examines the judicial review of legislation from the point of view of the relation between the court and the parliament. The authors analyze trends in the use of petitions proposing the annulment of statutes, who makes use of the petitions, how successful the petitioners are, and what issues the petitions concern. The article pairs a quantitative view with a qualitative analysis of key selected decisions by the court, especially in the sphere of mega-politics. The authors test whether judicial review of legislation serves as a tool for parliamentary opposition. The results show the decisive effects of a legislative majority in the lower house of the parliament. If the government lacks a majority, the use of judicial review of legislation as an oppositional tool fades. Also important is the weakness of the upper house, which makes senators more likely to resort to using judicial review of legislation. An especially crucial factor is the presence of independent and semi-independent senators who, without broader political backing, see judicial review of legislation as a welcome tool. The most frequent topics of the petitions were transitional justice, social policy, and the legislative process.

The Dutch Policy Agendas Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Arco Timmermans ◽  
Gerard Breeman
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Media System ◽  
Dutch Policy ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Agendas

The Dutch political system with its coalition governments, backed by a parliamentary majority and a strongly plural media system is mirrored in the datasets collected so far. The legislative process can be seen as the business of turning coalition intentions into bills, which become law in the majority of cases. Increasing sensitivity to issues attended to by the media and raised in parliamentary questions has influenced this policymaking machinery and led to sometimes drastic agenda changes during the term in office. This is visible in the annual speeches from the throne, in the way party think tanks address policy topics, and in the attention to problems given by advisory bodies of the government. An analysis of safety issues shows that attention cascades over different topics related to safety and impact on longer-term policy plans.

MEKANISME PASAR, DEMOKRASI PERWAKILAN DAN KRISIS EKONOMI

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Yuni Prihadi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Political System ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

The economic crisis that attacks Indonesia has yet to be solved even that several policies taken by the government to overcome the problem are not in accordance with the reform spirit and unpopular. In order that we can understand about the problem more well, then we need to reobserve the root of this economic crisis problem. This observation uses the view of capitalist economics theory with the discussion in the aspect of market mechanism and the democracy of delegation theory. In the discussion, it is mentioned that the capitalist economic system wishes to have a certain political system that allows the people s preference to the social welfare level to be optimal for itself which it is accommodated by their delegation in government. In reality, the commitment of the capitalist economic system is not the healthy democracy tradition system. Thus, the market mechanism does not yield an optimal solution for large people's welfare.

Political crisis crimps urgent reform hopes in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Economic News ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Policy Shifts

Subject Mounting political and economic crisis. Significance In the past year, the government has faced dismal economic news on almost all fronts, in the midst of an ever-deteriorating political scenario. However, even if the government successfully address the immediate causes behind the acute economic crisis -- the widening fiscal gap and rising government debt -- it is not clear that this would address the underlying structural and long-term problems behind Brazil's economic crisis. Impacts If forecasts are correct, 2015-16 will be the first case of two consecutive years of recession since 1930. Policy shifts will be urgently needed to address Brazil's loss of industrial competitiveness. Rousseff's survival in office will depend largely on how the constellation of political actors align for or against her.

Thailand's Missed Opportunity for Democratic Consolidation

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY FREEDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
Missed Opportunity

The year 1997 was critical for Thailand. A severe economic crisis hit in July calling into question years of economic growth and increasing prosperity. A few months later Thailand adopted a new Constitution that aimed at reforming the political system, and at making corruption and vote buying less prevalent. While this article shows that the economic turmoil was a prime catalyst for political change, it was not as simple as saying that public outcry over the economic crisis forced conservative parliamentarians into voting to accept the proposed constitution. While public outcry did matter, what is vitally important is that elite political leaders, the heads of the major parties, ministers, and generals, were renegotiating their alliances and ties both with one another, and with various groups in society that were pushing for change. Elite resignation to political pressure and policy shifts among the top leaders is what ultimately allows for the passage of the constitution and for Prime Minister Chavalit's departure. This article takes a closer look at Thai politics and tries to answer the following questions: Did the economic crisis lead to (meaningful) political reform and why or why not? Since the codification of the 1997 constitution has Thai politics become more democratic? It is my analysis that the consolidation of democracy was in reach in 1997 but today has slipped further from Thai citizens' grasp. The explanations, or the independent variables for both the successful reforms of the political system in 1997 and the backsliding away from democratization, are largely the same. When both internal and external pressures prod democracy along, reforms take place. When pressures are pushing in different directions democratic reforms become threatened. Internal pressures include the military, civil society, and the behavior and power of political and economic elites; and external ones are the IMF, national security concerns, and globalization in general. When conditions or variables change, and when elite priorities or preferences shift, as this article will show, we can see the results in Thai politics.

scholarly journals Accountability and alternation. How wholesale and partial alternation condition retrospective voting

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406882098510
Author(s):  
Simon Otjes ◽  
Dieter Stiers
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Retrospective Voting ◽  
Large N ◽  
Alternation Condition ◽  
Country Study ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Holding the government accountable is a crucial function of elections. The extent to which voters can actually do so depends on the political system. One element that may influence the likelihood that voters hold the government accountable is the difference between wholesale and partial alternation. Prominent political scientists like Mair, Bergman and Strøm and Pellegata and Quaranta propose that in countries with wholesale alternation voters are better able to hold governments accountable because in essence voters have the choice to keep their current government or ‘throw the rascals out’. However, this relationship has not been tested. We examine the relationship between partial and wholesale alternation and retrospective voting in a large-N cross-country study. We show that the association between government satisfaction and vote choice is stronger in countries with wholesale alternation than in systems with partial alternation.

Capaian pembangunan manusia: analisis komparatif Provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriwati Adriwati
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Paradigm

Human development is a development paradigm that puts human (population) as the focus and final target of all development activities, namely the achievement of control over resources (income to achieve decent living), improvement of health status (long life and healthy life) and improve education. To see the success rate of human development, UNDP publishes an indicator of Human Development Index (HDI). This study discusses the achievements of human development that have been pursued by the government. The problem analyzed in this research is the difference of human development achievement in some provincial government in Indonesia. This paper aims to compare the achievements of human development in some provincial governments seen from the achievement of human development index of each province. Research location in Banten Province, West Java and DKI Jakarta.Keywords:Human Development Index, Human Development Achievement

Konsep Pemerintahan Religius dan Demokrasi Menurut Abdul Karim Soroush dan Ayatullah Khomeini

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-473
Author(s):  
M. Heri Fadoil
Keyword(s):  
Religious System ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Ayatollah Khomeini ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract: Abdul Karim Soroush judges that religious rule is incorrect assessment of the application of Islamic jurisprudence. In a religious society, Islamic jurisprudence obtains the right to govern. It is, of course, necessary to establish a kind of Islamic jurisprudence-based religious rule. Soroush firmly rejects it because such interpretation is too narrow. As for democracy, Soroush argues that the system used is not necessarily equal to that of the Western. On the contrary, Ayatollah Khomeini’s thoughts on religious rule are reflected in the so called wilayat al-faqih. It is a religious scholar-based government. Democracy, according to him, is the values of Islam itself, which is able to represent the level of a system to bring to the country’s progress. Principally, there are some similarities between the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini and those of Abdul Karim Soroush in term of religiosity. They assume that it is able to sustain the religious system of government. The difference between both lies on the application of religiosity itself. Ayatollah Khomeini applies the concept of a religious scholar-based government, while Abdul Karim Soroush rejects the institutionalization of religion in the government or state.Keywords: Governance, democracy, Abdul Karim Soroush, Ayatollah Khomeini

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

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