Performance, heat tolerance response, and blood metabolites of water-restricted Xhosa goats supplemented with vitamin C1

Abstract Water restriction in small ruminants is usually accompanied by a drop in feed intake, body weight, and disturbances in the normal internal milieu. However, attempts to lessen the burden of water stress with vitamin C (VC) supplementation have been greeted with conflicting reports. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of single and/or multiple VC supplementations in water-restricted Xhosa goats by evaluating their performance, heat tolerance, and blood metabolites. In total, 42 does, 12 mo old and with an average weight of 15.92 ± 2.12 kg were evaluated for 75 d. The does were distributed according to a complete randomized design into seven groups of six comparable animals: W0, without water restriction (control); W70, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum water intake (WI); W50, water restriction of 50% ad libitum WI; W70+, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC daily; W50+, water restriction 50% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC daily; W70++, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC and extra 5 g VC given every eighth day; and W50++, water restriction of 50% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC and extra 5 g VC given every eighth day. Goats under the W50 group were the most affected (P < 0.05) and the effect was more pronounced in their body condition scores (BCs). Weight loss due to water restriction was reduced by VC supplementation in treated groups. Changes in body thermal gradient, rectal temperature, cholesterol, and bilirubin were similar (P > 0.05) across the various experimental groups. The attenuation effect of VC was significant (P < 0.05) in responses to respiratory rate, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl−, Ca2+, and urea. Supplementation of VC (either single or multiple) did not significantly (P > 0.05) improve the effect of water restriction on BCs, FAMACHA, glucose, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, and high-density lipoprotein. The additive effect of multiple VC significantly influenced (P < 0.05) Na+ and Mg2+. Limited WI affects growth and other physiological parameters in Xhosa goats. However, supplementation of VC may be beneficial at modulating the stressful stimuli imposed by water stress.

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Physiological potential of popcorn seeds submitted to water stress after treated with bioregulator

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p573 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruno Ribeiro Ferreira ◽

Carolina Chichanoski ◽

Lia Mara Moterle ◽

Renato Frederico dos Santos ◽

Alessandro Lucca Braccini

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Primary Root ◽

Water Restriction ◽

High Productivity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Key Points ◽

Crop Development ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Primary Root Length

Seed performance is one of the key points for high productivity in crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological potential of popcorn cultivar seeds (IAC 125 and BRS-Ângela) treated with Stimulate® bioregulator under water stress. Popcorn seeds were submitted to different osmotic potential levels 0; -0.1; -0.3; -0.6 and -0.9 MPa and induced by mannitol, after being treated with bioregulator at the dose of 1.5 L 100 kg-1 of seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial design (osmotic potential levels x cultivars x absence and presence of bioregulator). The variables evaluated were: first count and final count of germination standard, shoot length, primary root length, and dry biomass of seedlings. Treating popcorn seeds with bioregulator is inefficient in improving the physiological potential under normal conditions and little water restriction, but under conditions in which water may be limited, the use of bioregulator positively influences germination, growth, and initial performance of seedlings.

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Assessing the nutritional status of Bunaji bulls fattened on varying inclusions of groundnut haulms and maize offal using some blood metabolites

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v44i2.1014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 206-212

Author(s):

D. Y Goska ◽

A. Kibon ◽

I. I. Madziga ◽

C. B. I. Alawa ◽

O. S. Lamidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Signal Grass

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion levels of groundnut haulms (GH) and maize offal (MO) on some blood metabolites from twenty Bunaji bulls. The bulls were divided into four groups in a completely randomized design. They were fed signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) hay ad libitum and concentrate diets containing groundnut haulms (GH) and maize offal (MO): 80:20% GH: MO, 60:40% GH: MO, 40:60% GH: MO and 20:80% GH: MO, respectively. The animals were fed the diets over a period of 90 days and their nutritional status ascertained from the serum metabolic profile.

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Interactions between soybean and weeds in a replacement series system, considering the effects of water stress

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582013000400001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 749-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Vivian ◽

D. Dourado-Neto ◽

R.V. Filho ◽

A.A. Silva ◽

R.B. Franco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Series System ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Plant Composition ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Soil Water Condition ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Tridax Procumbens

Due to the increase of water deficiency in many farm regions and its meaning on weed interference, competitive interactions between soybean and three weeds were evaluated under water stress (20 to 40 days after transplanting) and no stress conditions. Three independent experiments were carried out in a growth chamber, being each one composed by the weeds Alternanthera tenella, Tridax procumbens or Digitaria ciliaris, along with the crop, in which soil water condition and plant composition effects were evaluated while in competition. A replacement series system was used, including both monoculture of each species and a mixture with a ratio of 50% between weed and soybean. A completely randomized design was used in factorial arrangement, with treatments distributed in three levels for plant composition factor (soybean and weeds monocultures, in addition to the soybean + weed mixture) and two levels for the water factor (with or without stress), amounting six treatments in each experiment. Soybean dry mass was higher than weed dry mass, when growing without water stress. However, under water stress conditions, the dry mass of soy was reduced in all experiments, mainly in the D. ciliaris comparative experiment. Water restriction was also significant in the plants' photosynthesis reduction in most of the experiments, reducing leaf area duration and efficiency of water use. Analysing all variables shows greater weed tolerance than soybean when submitted to water deficit and with distinct changes of their interactions and mechanism of competition, in each experiment.

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Feeding plans with the use of glycerin for broilers

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v10i2.2254 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 254-261

Author(s):

Edna Teles dos Santos ◽

Leilane Rocha Barros Dourado ◽

Flávio Ferreira da Silva ◽

Regina Fialho De Sousa ◽

Stélio Pinheiro Bezerra de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Average Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Performance Variables ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding plans with or without addition of glycerin, in different ages, on performance, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions of broiler chickens. 540 male Cobb broilers were utilized, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (treatments consisted of the inclusion or not of glycerin in diets at all periods or only at different stages: 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 33 and 34 to 42 days), in six replicates of 15 birds each. Diets were provided ad libitum. At 42 days, the average weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions were evaluated. There was no effect (p> 0.05) of dietary plans on the performance variables. The feeding plans did not influence (p>0,05) the carcass and cuts parameters at 42 days. However, there was significant effect (p <0.05) of the dietary plans on litter moisture and plantar lesions. Effects were observed (p>0,001) for the feeding plans, were the highest and the lowest incidence of lesions were present in the birds that consume diets with and without addition of glycerin, in the period from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively.

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Small Ruminants: Farmers’ Hope in a World Threatened by Water Scarcity

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9070456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 456 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Oluwakamisi F. Akinmoladun ◽

Voster Muchenje ◽

Fabian N. Fon ◽

Conference T. Mpendulo

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Small Body ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Ripple Effect ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Water Tolerance ◽

Global Concern ◽

Drug Pharmacokinetics

The availability and sustainability of suitable and good quality drinking water is a global concern. Such uncertainties threaten livestock production with an attendant ripple effect on food security. Small ruminants, including sheep and goats, appear to be promising to smallholder farmers in solving this problem because of their ability to survive in water-limited areas and harsh environment when compared with large ruminants. Their small body size is also seen as an advantage, because less water will be required for proper digestion and feed utilization. Therefore, this review will provide information regarding the adaptive responses of small ruminants on thermoregulation, blood metabolites, immune status, drug pharmacokinetics, reproduction and hormonal indices during the period of water stress. Adaptable and indigenous breeds are known to be more tolerant to water stress than selected breeds. A drop in feed intake and weight reduced respiratory rate and increased concentration of blood metabolites are the general effects and/or observations that are encountered by small ruminants during the period of water stress. The concept of water tolerance either as deprivation and/or restriction of indigenous and adaptable breeds of small ruminants is gaining ground in research studies around the world. However, more research, however, seeking to explore water tolerance capacity of adaptable breeds especially in arid and water limiting areas are still needed.

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Canola processing effects on the intestine, blood, and kidney of broiler breeder hens

Revista Mvz Córdoba ◽

10.21897/rmvz.1878 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. e1878

Author(s):

Mohammad ALI Jafari ◽

Shahabodin Gharahveysi

Keyword(s):

Protein Quality ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Broiler Breeder ◽

Breeder Hens ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Broiler Breeder Hens

Objective. The study was to study the effect of canola processing on the intestine traits, blood metabolites, and kidney enzymes of broiler breeders. Material and methods. Four hundred fifty broiler breeder hens were used for 3 months. The completely randomized design was used with 6 treatments (unprocessed, processed by Lactobacillus Plantarum, Bacillus Subtilis, Aspergillus Oryzae, Neurospora Cytophilla, and Alkalase enzyme) and 5 replications. The collected data were analyzed by the LSmeans procedure of SAS statistical software. Results. The effects of treatments were significant on blood metabolites (p<0.05). Glucose concentration and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) were increased by processing methods. Also, the caecum, jejunum and duodenum weight were influenced(p<0.05). The weight of the duodenum and jejunum was increased and caecum weight was decreased. The processing of canola meal increased the length of the villi and decreased the depth of the crypt of the jejunum (p<0.05). Treatments effect was significant on the Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0.05). The effect of treatments was significant on the digestive amylase, lipase and protease activity (p<0.05). The canola process improved its digestibility. In other words, its protein quality, fatty acid profile and antimicrobial properties were improved. Conclusions. The different processing methods of canola improved the hen’s traits. It can be recommended to use the processed meal instead of the raw canola meal.

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Intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen, and mineral balance of water-restricted Xhosa goats supplemented with vitamin C

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 168-177

Author(s):

Oluwakamisi F. Akinmoladun ◽

Fabian N. Fon ◽

Conference T. Mpendulo ◽

Omobola Okoh

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

General Linear Model ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Design Data ◽

Study Objective ◽

Mineral Balance ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ad Libitum

Abstract The study objective was to evaluate the effect of single and/or extra doses of vitamin C (VC) on water-restricted (WR) Xhosa goats, by evaluating their intake, digestibility, nitrogen, and mineral balance during summer. Goats (42) were randomly divided into seven groups: GI (control, received ad libitum water daily), GII (WR-70% of ad lib.), GIII (WR-50% of ad lib.), GIV (WR-70% of ad lib. + VC [3 g/day orally]), GV (WR-50% of ad lib. + VC [3 g/day orally]), GVI (WR-70% of ad lib. + VC [3 g/day orally + 5 g extras every eighth day]), and GVII (WR-50% of ad lib. + VC [3 g/day orally + 5 g extras on every eighth day]). The experiment was a complete randomized design. Data obtained were analysed using the general linear model (PROC GLM) of SAS procedure. The depression in nutrients intake was lessened with VC supplementation. Water-restriction effect was not significant on nutrient intake/metabolic weight. Retained nitrogen increased with water-restriction levels but not influenced by VC. NH3–N significantly decreased as the level of water restriction increases, while the pH was similar across the WR groups. Supplementation of VC failed to significantly influence the depression in apparent digestibility and digestible nutrients induced by water restriction levels. The retained Ca, K, and Mg increased with levels of water restriction.

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Jumpstarting Health With a 15-Day Whole-Food Plant-Based Program

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1177/15598276211006349 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155982762110063

Author(s):

Susan M. Friedman ◽

Carol Hee Barnett ◽

Robert Franki ◽

Bruce Pollock ◽

Beth Garver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Food Plant ◽

Fasting Blood Sugar ◽

Average Weight ◽

Low Density ◽

Average Drop

The 15-day Jumpstart was developed as an evidence-based, affordable, standardized, replicable, and scalable program, designed to demonstrate quickly to patients that changing what they eat can improve their health. The program was designed using the principles of the self-determination theory of motivation and personality. Patients were instructed to eat an Esselstyn-compliant, whole-food plant-based diet consisting of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes. Of the 389 participants in the program from September 2018 to February 2020, average weight loss was 5.8 pounds (7.3 for those whose body mass index was >30), average systolic blood pressure drop was 6.8 points (16.8 points for those with systolic blood pressure >140), average drop in cholesterol was 26 points (44 points for those with a cholesterol >200), average drop in low-density lipoprotein was 19 points (33 points for those with a low-density lipoprotein >100), and average drop in fasting blood sugar was 5.1 points (28.4 points for those starting in the diabetic range); P value was <.005 for fasting blood sugar and <.001 for all other comparisons. A 15-day program that helps patients adopt an Esselstyn-style whole-food plant-based diet, through education, individualized medical feedback, social support, and facilitated small group work, rapidly improves health.

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Physiological and Yield Responses of Green-Shelled Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grown under Restricted Irrigation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 562

Author(s):

Karen Campos ◽

Andrés R. Schwember ◽

Daniel Machado ◽

Mónica Ozores-Hampton ◽

Pilar M. Gil

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Water Restriction ◽

One Pot ◽

Dry Land ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

The Face ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Yield Responses

Common bean is an important crop, consumed as green-shelled bean in several countries. In Chile, green-shelled beans are cultivated often as a dry land crop, vulnerable to drought. The objective of this study was to characterize the hydric and productive responses of four green-shelled bean genotypes subjected to deficit irrigation in order to outline production strategies in the face of increasing water scarcity. Two experiments were evaluated: one pot experiment with three irrigation treatments, supplying 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (T100), 50% (T50), and 30% (T30); and an open field experiment with two treatments: 100% (I100) and 40% of ETc (I40). Treatments were applied during reproductive stage in determinate cultivars and vegetative stage in indeterminate plants. Severe water restriction (T30 and I40) in both experiments showed a significant decrease in stomatal conductances, as well as biomass and number of grains per pod; I40 treatment also showed a reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence. Water use efficiency (WUE) was higher under water stress in field (I40), but lower on the T30 treatment from the pot experiment. Determinate cultivars showed 22.7% higher of 100-seed weight compared to indeterminate type, and, thus, higher tolerance to drought. Our results indicate that severe water stress is highly harmful in terms of yield, and a moderate controlled deficit irrigation plus the use of determinate genotypes may be a strategy for producing green-shelled bean successfully under a drought scenario.

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Four weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8® shows modest effect on triacylglycerol in young healthy adults

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2014.0058 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 29-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A.T. Bjerg ◽

M. Kristensen ◽

C. Ritz ◽

K.D. Stark ◽

J.J. Holst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Scd1 Expression

The microbiota has been shown to have the potential to affect appetite and blood lipids positively in animal studies. We investigated if four weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8® (L. casei W8) had an effect on subjective appetite sensation, ad libitum energy intake, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose and insulin response in humans. Secondarily, we explored potential effects on blood lipids, fatty acids and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) activity in humans as well as SCD1 expression in piglets given L. casei W8 for two weeks. 64 healthy participants completed the double-blinded, randomised, controlled, parallel four weeks study with supplementation of L. casei W8 (1010 cfu) or placebo capsules. A meal test was conducted before and after the intervention, where subjective appetite, ad libitum energy intake, GLP-1, glucose and insulin response were measured. Additionally fasting blood lipids and fatty acids concentrations were measured. Sixteen piglets were randomised into two groups: L. casei W8 (1010 cfu/day) as top dressing on morning fed or no treatment. After two weeks piglets were sacrificed and tissue from ileum, jejunum and skeletal muscle were sampled for mRNA analyses of SCD1 expression. Compared to placebo, L. casei W8 did not affect appetite, ad libitum energy intake, GLP-1, glucose and insulin response and total, high-density or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after four weeks intervention. Triacylglycerol decreased in the L. casei W8 group compared to placebo at week 4 (P=0.03). The C16:1n-7/C16:0 ratio, reflecting SCD1 activity, tended to decrease when having L. casei W8 (P=0.06) compared to placebo. Muscle SCD1 expression decreased in piglets supplemented with L. casei W8 compared to control. In conclusion, supplementation with L. casei W8 did not affect appetite parameters, glucose or insulin responses; but appear to be able to lower triacylglycerol levels, possibly by reducing its production.

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