Intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen, and mineral balance of water-restricted Xhosa goats supplemented with vitamin C

Abstract The study objective was to evaluate the effect of single and/or extra doses of vitamin C (VC) on water-restricted (WR) Xhosa goats, by evaluating their intake, digestibility, nitrogen, and mineral balance during summer. Goats (42) were randomly divided into seven groups: GI (control, received ad libitum water daily), GII (WR-70% of ad lib.), GIII (WR-50% of ad lib.), GIV (WR-70% of ad lib. + VC [3 g/day orally]), GV (WR-50% of ad lib. + VC [3 g/day orally]), GVI (WR-70% of ad lib. + VC [3 g/day orally + 5 g extras every eighth day]), and GVII (WR-50% of ad lib. + VC [3 g/day orally + 5 g extras on every eighth day]). The experiment was a complete randomized design. Data obtained were analysed using the general linear model (PROC GLM) of SAS procedure. The depression in nutrients intake was lessened with VC supplementation. Water-restriction effect was not significant on nutrient intake/metabolic weight. Retained nitrogen increased with water-restriction levels but not influenced by VC. NH3–N significantly decreased as the level of water restriction increases, while the pH was similar across the WR groups. Supplementation of VC failed to significantly influence the depression in apparent digestibility and digestible nutrients induced by water restriction levels. The retained Ca, K, and Mg increased with levels of water restriction.

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Evaluation Use of Calliandra calothyrsus Substituted Soybean Meal Supplement on Feed Nutrient Intake and Digestibility in the Kacang Goat

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.840.107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 840 ◽

pp. 107-112

Author(s):

Fajar Ajimukti Atmojo ◽

Bambang Suhartanto ◽

Insani Hubi Zulfa ◽

Kustantinah Kustantinah

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Supplementation ◽

Protein Requirements ◽

Animal Body ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Range Test

Twenty goats were given a basal feed of Pennisetumpurpureum cv Mott (odot grass) and supplemented with protein-based feed ingredients namely calliandracalothyrsus and soybeanmeal (SBM). The proportion of calliandra feed substitution and soybeanmeal is T1 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% soybeanmeal; T2 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 25% calliandra + 75% soybeanmeal; T3 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 50% calliandra + 50% soybeanmeal; T4 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 75% calliandra + 25% soybeanmeal; and T5 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% calliandra. The amount of feed supplementation given is based on daily protein requirements (gram/DM) per day according to animal body weight. The feed given contained iso protein (CP) and iso energy (TDN) to determine the effect of substitution of soybeanmeal with calliandra The parameters observed were intake and nutrient digestibility of feed. Data obtained from the results of the study analyzed variance using a one-way analysis of variance, then if the results show significant differences, it will be analyzed further with Duncan's new multiple range test. The results showed that substitution of calliandra did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on nutrient intake (g/kg BB0,75/day), except for intake of ETN, it shows a significant effect (P< 0.05). Calliandra substitution had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed nutrient digestibility, with the highest digestibility being T2 treatment (25% calliandra substitution).

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INFLUENCE OF DIETARY NUTRIENT DENSITY, LEVEL OF FEED INTAKE AND WEANING AGE ON YOUNG PIGS. II. APPARENT NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIARRHEA

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas87-116 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1105-1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

R. O. BALL ◽

F. X. AHERNE

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Density Level ◽

Normal Density ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Ad Libitum

One hundred and twenty-eight pigs were allotted to a factorial design involving two weaning ages (3 and 4 wk), two diets (normal density, ND, and high density, HD) and two levels of feed intake (ad libitum and restricted) and fed for 28 d postweaning. Feed restriction increased the digestibility of energy (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility of energy and protein increased with time postweaning (P < 0.05). Pigs weaned at 4 wk of age had higher nutrient digestibilities than those weaned at 3 wk only in the second week postweaning (P < 0.05), showing that the digestive system of older pigs adapts faster. The apparent digestibility of the HD diet was not different from that of the ND diet. Diarrhea was more severe when pigs were weaned at 4 wk (P < 0.10), or when receiving the HD diet (P < 0.10), or when offered feed ad libitum (P < 0.10), showing that both volume of feed consumed and nutrient intake influence occurrence of diarrhea. Postweaning diarrhea was most severe (P < 0.05) and most frequent (P < 0.05) during the first week and declined thereafter. The rate of decline was fastest in older pigs (P < 0.05) with restricted feed intake (P < 0.05) and pigs receiving the ND diet (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) between apparent energy and protein digestibility and incidence and severity of diarrhea during the first week postweaning. The results suggest that nutrient intake is more important in predisposing piglets to diarrhea than the volume of feed consumed. Key words: Pigs, weaning, digestibility, diarrhea

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PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN SUSU AFKIR DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMA PRODUKSI DAN KECERNAAN NUTRIEN AYAM BURAS JANTAN

Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan ◽

10.24843/mip.2017.v20.i03.p07 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

PERTIWI M. E. D ◽

I M. MASTIKA ◽

I M. NURIYASA** NURIYASA

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fish meal substitution with expired milk in diets on theproductivity of cockerels at the age of 2-10 weeks. This study was carried out in Puger Village, Jember Regency,East Java. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with five treatments and five replicates. Totally, therewere 25 experimental units and each unit consists of four cockerels fed without fish meal (R0); 25% diets of fishmeal substitution with expired milk (R1); 50% diets of fish meal substitution with expired milk (R2); 75% diets offish meal substitution with expired milk (R3) and 100% diets of fish meal substitution with expired milk (R4). Dietsand water were given ad libitum. The variables observed were performance and nutrient digestibility. It showedthat cockerels fed 75% diets of fish meal substitution with expired milk (R3) produced higher final body weightand nutrient digestibility (P<0.05) compared to treatment R0, R1, R2 and R4. Treatment R3 produced 75.08%digestibility coefficient of dry ingredient and 72,21% digestibility coefficient of crude protein. It can be concludedthat 75% fish meal substitution with expired milk produced better performance and nutrient digestibility comparedto other treatment.

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Performance, heat tolerance response, and blood metabolites of water-restricted Xhosa goats supplemented with vitamin C1

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1113-1127

Author(s):

Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun ◽

Fabian N Fon ◽

Conference T Mpendulo ◽

Omobola Okoh

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Average Weight ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Tolerance Response ◽

Ad Libitum

Abstract Water restriction in small ruminants is usually accompanied by a drop in feed intake, body weight, and disturbances in the normal internal milieu. However, attempts to lessen the burden of water stress with vitamin C (VC) supplementation have been greeted with conflicting reports. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of single and/or multiple VC supplementations in water-restricted Xhosa goats by evaluating their performance, heat tolerance, and blood metabolites. In total, 42 does, 12 mo old and with an average weight of 15.92 ± 2.12 kg were evaluated for 75 d. The does were distributed according to a complete randomized design into seven groups of six comparable animals: W0, without water restriction (control); W70, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum water intake (WI); W50, water restriction of 50% ad libitum WI; W70+, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC daily; W50+, water restriction 50% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC daily; W70++, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC and extra 5 g VC given every eighth day; and W50++, water restriction of 50% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC and extra 5 g VC given every eighth day. Goats under the W50 group were the most affected (P < 0.05) and the effect was more pronounced in their body condition scores (BCs). Weight loss due to water restriction was reduced by VC supplementation in treated groups. Changes in body thermal gradient, rectal temperature, cholesterol, and bilirubin were similar (P > 0.05) across the various experimental groups. The attenuation effect of VC was significant (P < 0.05) in responses to respiratory rate, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl−, Ca2+, and urea. Supplementation of VC (either single or multiple) did not significantly (P > 0.05) improve the effect of water restriction on BCs, FAMACHA, glucose, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, and high-density lipoprotein. The additive effect of multiple VC significantly influenced (P < 0.05) Na+ and Mg2+. Limited WI affects growth and other physiological parameters in Xhosa goats. However, supplementation of VC may be beneficial at modulating the stressful stimuli imposed by water stress.

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EFFECTS OF LYSINE SUPPLEMENTED ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF NOI CHICKENS FROM 1 TO 56 DAYS OLD

Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University ◽

10.35382/18594816.1.37.2020.380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (37) ◽

pp. 89-97

Author(s):

Hung Thai Lam ◽

Ngu Trong Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Entire Duration ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Completely Randomized Design

A total of 256 one-day-old chicks were allocated into a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4replicates to evaluate growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and nutrient digestibility (ND) of Noi chickens. The treatments consisted of control diets (Lys0) containing 1.0 and 0.9% lysine for birds 1 to 28 and 29 to 56 daysof age respectively; 3 other treatments (Lys1; Lys2; Lys3) had 0.1, 0.2, 0.3% of lysine added to diets respectively. Dietary crude protein (CP) was calculated to 19% and 17% for 1 to 28 and 29 to 56 days old, but dietary ME was2.900 kcal/kg of feed for the entire duration of the study. On the last seven days of each period, one male and one female per replicate were selected to be assessed for apparent ND by ferric oxide (Fe2O3) marker. Birds were fed, provided fresh water ad libitum, and vaccinated to prevent some common diseases. Results showed that lysine supplemented 0.2 to 0.3% and 0.3% in diets for the birds between 1 to 28 and 29 to 56 days old significantly improved the growth and FCR of the chickens (P<0.05). Also, an additional 0.1-0.3% of lysine in the Noi chickens’ diets dramatically increased CP and average amino acid apparent digestibility (P<0.05),but did not effect the calcium and phosphorus digestibility of the Noi broilers.

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Effect of the inclusion of different sources of carbohydrate in the fattening ration based on Leucaena leaves on the intake, digestibility, and weight gain of Culled Bali Cows

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012059

Author(s):

G E M Malelak ◽

I G N Jelantik ◽

I Benu

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Sources

Abstract An experiment with the objective of improving the utilization of leucaena leaves by culled Bali cows by the inclusion of different sources of carbohydrate was conducted following a completely randomized design using 16 thin cull Bali cows. Four diets were allotted to each animal at any period including La: the animal was offered a diet consisting of 80% dried leucaena leaves and 20% rice straw as a control, LaLb: added with pumpkin, LaJg: added with cornmeal, and LaLbJg: added with pumpkin and cornmeal. All supplemented diets were set to have similar energy and protein level. Variables measured included intake and digestibility of nutrients, rumen environments, and daily weight gain. Results showed that the inclusion of pumpkin and especially cornmeal significantly increased (P<0,05) dry matter and nutrient intake. DM and nutrient digestibility did not differ among treatments except for crude fiber. Rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids was significantly increased but rumen ammonia concentration was reduced with the addition of carbohydrate. Daily weight gain was significantly (P<0,05) improved and the inclusion of cornmeal produced the highest daily weight gain. It can be concluded that the intake and the utilization of leucaena leaves for weight gain by culled Bali cows was improved by the inclusion of carbohydrates with cornmeal exert a better effect over pumpkin.

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PSXIII-25 Quality and sensory evaluation of Xhosa goat meat subjected to different watering regimen and vitamin C supplementation

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.777 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 433-434

Author(s):

Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun ◽

Fabian N Fon ◽

Conference Mpendulo ◽

Omobola Okoh

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Sensory Attributes ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Ad Libitum

Abstract Water scarcity, often accompanied by limited water intake (WI) in livestock, may result in pre-slaughter stress, thereby affecting meat quality. The study evaluated water restriction (WR) levels with or without vitamin C (VC) supplementations on Xhosa goats’ performance, quality and sensory attributes of its meat. Goats (n = 42; mean weight= 15.92±2.12 kg) were distributed into seven treatments groups: without WR (W0, control), WR of 70% (W70) and 50% (W50) of ad libitum WI, WR of 70% (W70+) and 50% (W50+) of ad libitum WI plus 3g VC daily, and WR of 70% (W70++) and 50% (W50++) of ad libitum WI plus 3g VC and extra 5gVC given every eight-day.VC was administered per os. Body weight changes were taken weekly. At the end of the trial (75-d), slaughtering was done following standard procedures. pH24 was measured in the Longissimus lumborum (LTL) muscle between the 12th and 13th ribs, 24 h post-slaughter. Four pieces (2 cm thick) were cut from the carcass’s LTL muscle and assigned for thaw loss, moisture, TBARS, sensory attributes (colour, texture, taste-odour, acceptability), fat and fat-free dry matter determinations. The sensory scores were transformed to achieve normality. Data obtained were analyzed using the GLM of SAS (2003). The dry matter intake and body weight decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in response to WR levels and rose in the vitamin C treated groups. Effect of WR levels and VC supplementation were not significant (P > 0.05) on TBARS, pH24, colour, odour and thaw loss. The meat appearance, moisture and fat content decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with WR levels. This study demonstrates that reduced body weight due to suboptimal WI could be lessened with daily VC supplementation. Also, WR levels and with or without VC, did not impact negatively on the meat quality parameters like oxidative stability of lipids, thaw loss and pH24

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The Relationship Between Antioxidant Nutrient Intake and Cataracts in Older People

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.76.6.359 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

Ortega ◽

López-Sobaler ◽

Aparicio ◽

Bermejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Older People ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Elderly People ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Institutionalized Elderly ◽

Weighing Method ◽

The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suffering of cataracts in 177 institutionalized elderly people (61 men and 116 women) aged ≥ 65 years. Dietary intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days using a "precise individual weighing" method. Subjects, who during their earlier years were exposed by their work to sunlight, had a greater risk of suffering cataracts (OR = 3.2; Cl: 1.1–9.3, P < 0.05) than those who worked indoors. A relationship was found between increased vitamin C intake and a reduced prevalence of cataracts (i.e., when comparing those above P95 for vitamin C intake with those below P5; (OR = 0.08; Cl: 0.01–0.75, P 0.05). Among subjects with cataracts, 12.1% had vitamin C intakes of < 61 mg/day (P10) and only 2.2% had intakes of > 183 mg/day (P95) (p < 0.01). Subjects who consumed > 3290 μg/day (P95) of lutein were less likely to have cataracts (OR = 0.086; Cl: 0.007–1.084; p < 0.05) than those whose consumption was < 256 μg/day (P5). In men, high intakes of zeaxanthin seemed to provide a protective effect against the problem (OR = 0.96; Cl: 0.91–0.99; p < 0.05). The results suggest an association exists between exposure to sunlight and the development of cataracts, and that vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin offer some protection against this disorder.

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Combination of Carbonated Aloe Vera Drink with Lemon Juice

JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL ◽

10.30997/jah.v5i2.1816 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jefrianta Demu Geri ◽

Dewi Fortuna Ayu ◽

Noviar Harun

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Lemon Juice ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Range Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of carbonated aloe vera drink and lemon juice. This research used completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments performed were L1 (90% carbonated aloe vera and 10% lemon juice), L2 (80% carbonated aloe vera and 20% lemon juice), L3 (70% carbonated aloe vera and 30% lemon juice), and L4 (60% carbonated aloe vera and 40% lemon juice). Data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by duncan new multiple range test (DNMRT) at level 5%. The combination treatments of carbonated aloe vera drinks and lemon juice had a significant effect on acidity (pH), vitamin C, total dissolved solids, and descriptive and hedonic sensory assessment. The best treatment from the research was L3 (70% carbonated aloe vera and 30% lemon juice) with pH of 4.26, vitamin C of 19.97 mg, and total dissolved solids of 14.34°brix. The overall sensory test result preferred by panelists with descriptions of yellow color, lemon flavor, and had a slightly sweet taste.

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PSV-8 Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (GRA): what is the best delivery method to newly weaned pigs?

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.279 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 158-159

Author(s):

Hailey Wooten ◽

Hwanhee Kim ◽

Amanda Rakhshandeh ◽

Anoosh Rakhshandeh

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Free Access ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Intestinal Integrity ◽

Randomized Design

Abstract We previously found that i.m. injection of GRA, similar to in-feed antibiotics, improves measures of intestinal integrity, nutrient digestibility, and overall growth performance in nursery pigs. In addition, we have demonstrated that the mitigating effects of GRA on the stress of weaning is predominantly done by subsiding the inflammatory response that often accompanies early weaning. The objective of the current study was to explore the most practical methods for delivering GRA to newly weaned pigs. One-hundred and sixty-seven PIC pigs were weaned at 25 ±1.0 days of age (BW 7 ±1.2 kg), and assigned to fourteen treatments (3-4 pigs /pen; 3 pens/treatment). Seven treatments were tested within two sexes (gilts vs. barrows). The treatments were: 1) i.m. injection of GRA (two injections, 0.2 mg/kg BW at -1 and 3 d post-weaning), 2) two levels of in-water GRA (0.8 and 1.6 ppm), 3) in-feed GRA (2.5 and 5.0 ppm), 4) in-feed antibiotic (ANT, 100 ppm tylosin), and 5) control. Dexamethasone was used as GRA. Pigs had free access to in-feed or in-water GRA or ANT during the 1st-week post-weaning. Parameters of growth performance were measured weekly until the end of the nursery phase. A completely randomized design and repeated measurement ANOVA (PROC MIXED) in SAS were used for statistical analyses. In-water, in-feed, and i.m. GRA treatments resulted in growth performance outcomes comparable to that of in-feed ANT. Relative to CON pigs, both ANT and GRA improved ADG and G: F during the nursery phase (P < 0.05). Among the delivery methods tested, 2.5 ppm of in-feed GRA resulted in superior ADG (GRA vs. CON; 0.29 vs. 0.20 kg/d) and G: F (0.63 vs. 0.40 ± 0.05), compared to the control group (P < 0.02). Collectively, these results suggested that in-feed treatment is the best method for delivering GRA to newly weaned pigs.

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