scholarly journals Effects of increasing dietary L-glutamine to replace antibiotics on pig health and performance following weaning and transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Kouassi R Kpodo ◽  
Allan P Schinckel ◽  
Brian T Richert ◽  
Jay S Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Supplementing nursery diets with 0.20% L-glutamine (GLN) may provide similar growth and health benefits as dietary antibiotics, but it was unknown if greater inclusion levels may provide additional benefits. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the impact of replacing dietary antibiotics with increasing GLN levels on growth performance, therapeutic antibiotic treatment rates, welfare measures, and production costs in pigs after weaning and transport. We hypothesized that withholding dietary antibiotics may negatively impact performance and increase therapeutic treatment rate, and that diet supplementation with 0.20% to 1.00% GLN may incrementally improve productivity and reduce therapeutic antibiotic treatment rates compared with dietary antibiotics. Mixed sex pigs (N = 308; 5.64 ± 0.06 kg body weight [BW]) were weaned (19.1 ± 0.2 d of age) and transported in central Indiana in 2017. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to one of seven dietary treatments (n = 8 pens/dietary treatment): dietary antibiotics (positive control [PC]; chlortetracycline [441 mg/kg] + tiamulin [38.6 mg/kg]), no antibiotics or added GLN (negative control [NC]), 0.20% GLN, 0.40% GLN, 0.60% GLN, 0.80% GLN, or 1.00% GLN fed for 14 d. From d 14 to 35, pigs were provided nonantibiotic common diets in two phases. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was reduced (P = 0.01; 17.7%) from d 0 to 14 in NC, 0.20% GLN, 0.60% GLN, 0.80% GLN, and 1.00% GLN pigs compared with PC pigs, but no ADG differences were detected between 0.40% GLN pigs and PC pigs. Increasing GLN in the diet tended to increase ADG (linear; P = 0.10). Overall, d 35 BW was greater (P = 0.01) in 0.80% GLN and PC pigs compared with NC, 0.20% GLN, and 0.60% GLN pigs, and was greater for 0.40% GLN and 1.00% GLN pigs vs. 0.20% GLN pigs. However, no d 35 BW differences were detected (P > 0.05) between PC, 0.40% GLN, 0.80% GLN, and 1.00% GLN pigs. Increasing GLN in the diet tended to increase (linear; P = 0.08) d 35 BW. Overall, income over feed and therapeutic injectable antibiotics cost (IOFAC) for enteric and unthrifty challenges were greater (P = 0.02) in 0.80% GLN pigs compared with NC, 0.20% GLN, and 0.60% GLN pigs, but no IOFACs for enteric and unthrifty challenges differences were detected between 0.80% GLN pigs and 0.40% GLN, 1.00% GLN, and PC pigs. In conclusion, GLN supplemented pigs had improved performance after weaning and transport compared with the NC pigs with 0.40% GLN being the most effective level.

PSIV-B-21 Broilers as an animal model to assess different copper, manganese and zinc mineral sources on absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 394-394
Author(s):  
Angela R Boyer ◽  
Heaven Roberts ◽  
Dennis Nuzback ◽  
Miriam Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Status Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mineral Sources

Abstract The study objective was to evaluate absorption differences between different sources of Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) and Zin (Zn) in broiler diets. Cobb500 chicks (n = 130, 0-d old) were housed in colony brooders and offered basal diet and water ad libitum for eight days. Following the transition phase, 96 straight-run chicks were randomly assigned to one of 48 battery cages (2 chicks/cage; 12 cages/treatment) and offered one of three soy-corn based diets for three weeks: Negative Control (NC; Basal diet at 6 mg/kg Cu, 35 mg/kg Mn, and 36 mg/kg Zn); Positive Control (PC; NC + 15 mg/kg Cu, 100 mg/kg Mn, and 100 mg/kg Zn from Sulfate sources); Treatment 1 (T1; NC + 15 mg/kg Cu, 100 mg/kg Mn, and 100 mg/kg Zn from hydroxychloride Product 1); and Treatment 2 (T2; NC + 15 mg/kg Cu, 100 mg/kg Mn, and 100 mg/kg Zn from hydroxychloride sources Product 2). Week three birds were bled and dissected to obtain liver, breast and femur samples for mineral absorption status. Data were analyzed using RV3.6.1 procedures with non-repeated measures. Plasma and breast tissue were not (P ≥ 0.05) impacted by mineral source, however numerical increases were reported in PC, T1 and T2 over NC. Liver Cu and Zn concentrations were non-significant (P ≥ 0.05) for all treatments. However liver Mn concentrations increased (P ≤ 0.05) in Pc and T1. Copper bone concentrations were not (P ≥ 0.05) affected, but an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in Mn and Zn was reported for PC, T1 and T2 versus NC. These results indicate increased absorption occurs when mineral sources are adequately supplemented beyond basal diet levels and that source may impact absorption rate. Additional research is needed to address the absorption ability of different mineral sources to better understand the impact on bird performance.

scholarly journals Efficacy of organic acids as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in weaned pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Tung M. Che
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

The objective of the experiment was to compare effects of dietary supplementation of organic acids (ProHacid Advance, PRO) and antibiotics on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, frequency of antibiotic treatment, and E. coli shedding in weaned pigs. A total of 224 crossbred weaned pigs [(Yorkshire x Landrace) x Duroc; 29 days old)] were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicate pens of 8 pigs each according to sex, litter origin and weight in an RCBD. The 4 dietary treatments included (1) basal diet + 50 mg/kg neomycin and 10 mg/kg enramycin (positive control, PC), (2) basal diet without antibiotics (negative control, NC), (3) As 2 + 0.25% PRO, and (4) As 2 + 0.5% PRO. Over a 4-week study, the results showed that there were no differences in the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs among the 4 treatments (P = 0.328). However, pigs fed the PC diet (1.642) and 0.25% PRO-supplemented diet (1.641) had a lower feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05) than those fed the NC diet (1.808). The diarrhea incidence of pigs fed the 0.25% PRO-supplemented diet (7.36%) was lower (P < 0.01) than that of pigs fed the PC diet (11.61%), NC diet (16.70%), and 0.5% PRO-supplemented diet (10.08%). The frequency of antibiotic treatment of pigs consuming the 0.25% PRO-supplemented diet (4.67%) was lower (P < 0.01) than that of pigs consuming the PC diet (7.33%), NC diet (9.53%) and 0.5% PRO-supplemented diet (7.65%). No differences were found in the number of fecal E. coli among the 4 treatments. In brief, 0.25% PRO added to a nursery pig diet would be considered a potential alternative to the use of antibiotics in feed, but further research on this aspect is needed

PSIV-4 The Impacts of Feeding Corn Co-products and Ionophores to Growing Boer Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
Payton L Dahmer ◽  
Tamra Kott ◽  
Alison Crane ◽  
James Lattimer ◽  
Cassandra K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn gluten feed (CGF) as replacements for soybean meal (SBM) and determine the impact of an ionophore on Boer goat growth performance and carcass characteristics. In Exp. 1, 75 Boer-goat kids (initial BW 26.9 ± kg) were allotted to one of 5 dietary treatments: 1) Negative control (100% SBM, 0% DDGS and 0% CGF; 100SBM); 2) Positive control (100% DDGS, 0% CGF and 0% SBM; 100DDGS); 3) 66% DDGS, 33% CGF and 0% SBM (66DDGS/33CGF); 4) 66% CGF, 33% DDGS and 0% SBM (33DDGS/66 CGF); and 5) 100% CGF, 0% DDGS and 0% SBM (0DDGS/100CGF). Dietary treatment did not impact (P ≤ 0.21) growth. In Exp. 2, 72 Boer-goat kids (initial BW 21.7 ± kg) were allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial with 2 protein sources and 2 ionophore inclusions: 1) SBM/no ionophore (SBM-NI); Diet 2) SBM with ionophore (SBM-I); Diet 3) DDGS/no ionophore (DDGS-NI); and Diet 4) DDGS with ionophore (DDGS-I). On d 21, goats were split into 2 groups according to their protein source and fed an additional d 10 (Group 1: DDGS-I; Group 2: SBM-I). The 15 heaviest goats from each group were harvested and carcass data collected. The protein source X ionophore interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.15) for any measured response criteria. Goats fed a diet with SBM had significantly increased (P = 0.04) ADG compared to goats fed DDGS. No evidence of difference was observed (P ³ 0.10) for ADFI or G:F. Dietary treatment did not impact (P &gt; 0.05) carcass characteristics. In summary, these data suggest that corn co-products can be economically included in Boer-goat diets, however their impact on growth performance is variable compared to that of soybean meal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a novel threonine source for nursery pig diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Humphrey ◽  
Spenser Becker ◽  
Jason Lee ◽  
Keith Haydon ◽  
Laura Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nursery Pigs

Abstract Four hundred and eighty (PIC 337 X 1050, PIC Genus, Hendersonville, TN) pigs were used to evaluate a novel threonine source (ThrPro, CJ America Bio, Fort Dodge, IA) for nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg body weight (BW). After weaning, pigs were sorted by sex and fed a common diet for 1 wk. Upon completion of the first week, pigs were sorted into randomized complete blocks, equalized by weight, within 16 replications. Pigs were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: positive control (POS)—standard ileal digestible threonine-to-lysine ratio (SID; Thr:Lys) 0.60, negative control (NEG)—SID Thr:Lys ≤0.46, and alternative Thr source (TEST)—SID Thr:Lys 0.60. The alternative Thr source included fermentative biomass and was assumed to contain 75% Thr and a digestibility coefficient of 100% based on the manufacturer’s specifications. All other nutrients met or exceeded the NRC recommendations. Growth and intake data were analyzed as repeated measures with a compound symmetry covariance structure using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit. Treatment, phase, the interaction between treatment and phase, and block were included as fixed effects in the model. Differences in total removals were tested using Fisher’s Exact Test of PROC FREQ. Results were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and considered a trend at P &gt; 0.05 and P ≤ 0.10. During the first 14 d, pigs fed TEST had decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; 0.77 vs. 0.80, P = 0.022) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.77 vs. 0.73, P &lt; 0.001) compared to NEG. Over days 14–28, pigs fed TEST had similar G:F (0.71 vs. 0.70, P = 0.112) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.71 vs. 0.63, P &lt; 0.001) compared to NEG. Overall (days 0–28), pigs fed TEST had similar average daily gain (ADG; 0.47 vs. 0.47 kg/d, P = 0.982) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.74, P = 0.395) compared to POS and increased ADG (0.47 vs. 0.43 kg/d, P &lt; 0.001) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.67, P &lt; 0.001) compared to NEG. The average daily feed intake was not significantly different across treatments for the entirety of the study. In conclusion, the replacement of crystalline L-Thr with a novel Thr source resulted in similar growth performance in nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg.

scholarly journals PSV-14 Effects of Cordyceps mushroom powder on nursery pig performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Jorge Y P Palencia ◽  
Clayton S Chastain ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Brian T Richert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Step Down

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the optimal level of Cordyceps mushroom powder inclusion in diets for nursery pigs. One-hundred sixty crossbred pigs [(Duroc × (York × Landrace)] weaned at 18.8 d of age and weighing an average of 5.94 kg were used in a 35 day, 4 phase growth trial to evaluate Cordyceps mushroom powder as potential alternative to carbadox in nursery pig diets. Pigs were allotted by weight, sex, litter, and assigned to body weight (BW) blocks. Within BW blocks, sex ratios were constant in each pen. Each pen within a BW block was randomly assigned a dietary treatment. Growth performance was analyzed as a RCB design using BW, ADG, ADFI, G:F using GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. There were 5 or 6 pigs/pen and 6 pens/treatment. Five diets were used in the study: a negative diet or a positive control (Carbadox, 55 ppm); 300 or 600 ppm mushroom powder, and a step down treatment (900, 900, 450, 300, 150 ppm mushroom powder during weeks 1 through 5, respectively). At various points of the study, pigs fed the 300 ppm and the step-down mushroom powder treatments tended to have improved (P &lt; 0.10) growth performance compared with those fed the negative control diet. During Phase 4 of the study, pigs fed Carbadox had greater ADG (P &lt; 0.02) and improved feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.09) compared to pigs fed the negative control diet. However, overall data showed that there were no statistical differences among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). In summary, pigs fed 300 ppm mushroom powder or the step-down treatment showed comparable growth performance to pigs fed Carbadox. However, future research is needed under a greater disease challenge to examine mushroom powder’s full potential as an alternative to antibiotics.

Effect of diatomaceous earth as an anthelmintic treatment on internal parasites and feedlot performance of beef steers

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Fernandez ◽  
B. W. Woodward ◽  
B. E. Stromberg
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractThirty crossbreed steer calves were randomly assigned to one of three feedlot treatment groups to evaluate the effectiveness of diatomaceous earth (DE) as an anthelmintic treatment and its effect on subsequent growth performance. Steers were adapted to a cereal-based diet for 15 days on the farm of origin and given an additional 21 days to adjust to the feedlot diet. Calves had not been dewormed prior to starting the study. On day 0 (2 January 1996) the positive control group of steers (CONV; no. = 11) was given 10 mg/kg of albendazole, a second group began receiving (on day 2) 0·3 kg of diatomaceous earth (DE; no. = 9) mixed daily with their food for 46 days and the negative control group (CTRL, no. = 9) received no anthelmintic treatment. Rectal faecal samples were collected upon arrival at the feedlot and the resulting egg counts showed that all steers were positive for nematodes and coccidia. Faecal samples were collected on days 0, 15, 28 and every 28 days thereafter to determine faecal egg counts. The last sample was taken on the day of slaughter. On day 0, the average count for all calves was over 70 eggs per g faeces (epg) for trichostrongyle type eggs; counts for Nematodirus sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris sp. and Capillaria sp. were negligible. CTRL and DE steers had higher parasite levels than CONV steers during the 1st (P < 0·01) and 2nd months (P < 0·05) after treatment. Egg counts for CTRL and DE groups decreased in March and none of the groups differed (P > 0·05) significantly for the remainder of the study. Coccidia levels decreased over time similarly for all groups. Offering 20 g DE per kg food intake for 46 days to beef steers on a high cereal -based diet had no effect (P > 0·05) on body weight, average daily gain, dry-matter intake, food conversion or days on food compared with the untreated control steers. Cumulative food conversion during the first 2 months was better for CONV than for DE and CTRL steers (P < 0·01) but did not differ between the latter two groups (P > 0·05). Cumulative food conversion for the rest of the study remained the same for all groups (P > 0·05). CONV calves required fewer days on food than DE calves (P < 0·05) but about the same number as CTRL calves (P > 0·10). Steers in the DE group required a similar number of days on food (230·22 ± 7·86 days) to reach target end points as CTRL steers (218·75 ± 8·34 days; P > 0·05) but more days than CONV calves (201·64 ± 7·11 days; P > 0·05).

scholarly journals Effects of Increasing Doses of Lactobacillus Pre-Fermented Rapeseed Product with or without Inclusion of Macroalgae Product on Weaner Piglet Performance and Intestinal Development

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Gizaw Dabessa Satessa ◽  
Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo ◽  
Søren Kjærulff ◽  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Rajan Dhakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Daily Gain

This study evaluated the effects of increasing doses of pre-fermented rapeseed meal (FRM) without or with inclusion of the brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) on weaner piglets’ performance and gut development. Ten days pre-weaning, standardized litters were randomly assigned to one of nine isoenergetic and isoproteic diets comprising (on DM basis): no supplement (negative control, NC), 2500 ppm ZnO (positive control, PC), 8, 10, 12, 15 or 25% FRM, and 10% FRM plus 0.6 or 1.0% AN. Fifty piglets receiving the same pre-weaning diets were weaned at 28 days of age and transferred to one pen, where they continued on the pre-weaning diet until day 92. At 41 days, six piglets per treatment were sacrificed for blood and intestinal samplings. The average daily gain was at least sustained at any dose of FRM (increased at 8% FRM, 28–41 days) from 18–41 days similar to PC but unaffected by inclusion of AN. The percentage of piglets that completed the experiment was increased by FRM compared to NC, despite detection of diarrhea symptoms. FRM showed quadratic dose-response effects on colon and mid-jejunum crypts depth, and enterocyte and mid-jejunum villus heights with optimum development at 8% or 10% FRM, respectively, but this was abolished when AN was also added. In conclusion, FRM sustained piglet growth performance and intestinal development similar to ZnO with an optimum inclusion level of 8–10% of dietary DM.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF METFORMIN AND ROSUVASTATIN ON THE MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, GLYCEMIC CONTROL, AND LIPID PROFILE IN RATS WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE-INDUCED DIABETES AFTER ACUTE INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Zhyliuk ◽  
Anton Lievykh ◽  
Alla Shevtsova ◽  
Vitaliy Mamchur ◽  
Viktoriia Tkachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Impact

Hyperproduction of highly active carbonyl compounds and reactive oxygen species initiates the development of oxidative stress in various pathological conditions and protein carbonylation is considered to be one of the key factors in the progression of diabetes mellitus and associated complications. This comparative research aimed to study the effect of metformin and rosuvastatin on the levels of biochemical markers of oxidative stress, glycemic control, and lipid profile in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by a brain hemorrhage.T2DM was simulated with a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (NA/STZ) to male Wistar rats (n=38). Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced by microinjection of 1 μL of bacterial collagenase 0.2 IU/μL into the striatum. Animals were randomized into 5 groups: negative control, intact rats; positive control 1, NA/STZ; positive control 2, NA/STZ+ICH; metformin, 250 mg/kg +NA/STZ+ICH; rosuvastatin, 15 mg/kg+NA/STZ+ICH. Drug effects were assessed by the area under the glycemic curve (AUC), the content of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), homocysteine (Hcy), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the markers of oxidative modification of proteins – aldehyde- and ketonephenylhydrazones (APH/KPH) in blood serum.It was found that brain hemorrhage in rats with T2DM can intensify the manifestations of oxidative modification of molecules and worsen glycemic control and lipid profile. Under these conditions, rosuvastatin improved lipid metabolism and reduced the levels of AGEs by 35.1% but did not affect glycemia and content of APH/KPH. Metformin reduced oxidative stress (AGEs by 35.4%, KPH by 21.2%) as well as improved both glycemic status and lipid profile (TG level by 20.2%, TG/HDL ratio by 31.9%). Both drugs did not produce any effect on Hcy level.Thus, metformin in conditions of T2DM complicated by acute ICH has advantages over rosuvastatin in relation to the markers of oxidative modification and glycemic control.

PSVI-8 Effects of a mycotoxin deactivator on performance of gestating and lactating gilts fed diets containing added mycotoxins

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
Sinthia Siqueira ◽  
Hébert De Brito ◽  
Wagner Araújo ◽  
Hélio Neves ◽  
Mara Benfato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a mycotoxin deactivator in diets containing added mycotoxins for gestating and lactating gilts on their performance. A total of 60 gilts (LD x LW) were used. After insemination the gilts were distributed among 3 dietary treatments according to a randomized block design: a negative control (CON); mycotoxin positive control (Myc); and a positive control added a mycotoxin deactivator (Myc+Deact 2 kg/ton; Unike®Plus, Adisseo). The total mycotoxins levels added to the diets 2 and 3 from d 75 of gestation until farrowing were: DON at 2.5 mg/kg, FBs at 10 mg/kg, and ZEA at 0.75mg/kg. Sows received the experimental diets from d 75 of gestation until weaning (i.e. 21 d). At farrowing, total number of piglets born, born alive, stillborn, and mummies were measured. Piglets were individually weighed 24-h post-farrowing, and at weaning to determine litter performance during lactation. The effects of diet composition, blocks and initial weight were tested according to a general linear procedure analysis of variance (GLM procedure of SAS). During gestation, treatments influenced (P = 0.022) sow mortality rate: CON had no mortality and Myc 15.8% and Myc+deact 10.5%. Same observation was made for the lactation period (P = 0.017): CON showed a lower mortality rate compared to the mycotoxin fed sows (5.0 vs. 31.2 vs. 11.8%, respectively for CON, Myc and Myc+deact). Sow milk production yield was greater (P = 0.021) in CON (11.66 vs. 9.53 vs. 9.67 kg/ d, respectively for CON, Myc and Myc+deact). As a consequence of that, treatments also influenced piglet (P = 0.047) and litter (P = 0.048) weight with a higher value for CON sows, followed by Myc+deact and Myc. Our findings showed that the use of the deactivator can mitigate the negative effects on performance when animals are subjected to diets contaminated by challenging levels of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Sonication (Ultrasound) Affects In Vitro Growth of Hybrid Cymbidium

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Judit Dobránszki
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe use of ultrasound or sonication has been shown to stimulate growth and development of several plant species. No study exists on the impact of sound on Cymbidium growth in vitro. Using sonication at 60 Hz for several time periods, the response on new protocorm-like body (neo-PLB) formation on Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) medium was examined, as was the response on in vitro plant organogenesis. Sonication for 5 or 10 min stimulated neo-PLB formation significantly more than plant growth regulator (PGR)-free TC medium without sonication (negative control) and more than 1, 20 or 45 min sonication, but significantly less than control TC medium containing PGRs NAA and Kin (positive control) after 60 days in culture. Sonication, when applied to PLBs, did not influence most plantlet-related growth parameters. Flow cytometric analyses registered an increase in endoreduplication in sonicated PLB tissues. Sonication at 60 Hz has a PLB-promoting effect, but is not as effective as PGRs.

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